so I'm coding this GUI-program (using tkinter) and I'm using three Entryboxes in the same function. I wanna use their values in the main function, so how do I get the values into some kind of global variable or in a way that I can use them in a different function?
def options():
options_root = Tk()
textFrame = Frame(options_root)
textFrame.grid()
widthlabel = Label(textFrame, text="w:", justify=LEFT)
widthlabel.grid(column="0", row="0")
widthinput = Entry(textFrame)
widthinput.grid(column="1", row="0")
heightlabel = Label(textFrame, text="h:", justify=LEFT)
heightlabel.grid(column="0", row="1")
heightinput = Entry(textFrame)
heightinput.grid(column="1", row="1")
mlabel = Label(textFrame, text="m:", justify=LEFT)
mlabel.grid(column="0", row="2")
minput = Entry(textFrame)
minput.grid(column="1", row="2")
width = widthinput.get()
height = heightinput.get()
m = minput.get()
start_game_button = Button(options_root, text="Start", justify=LEFT, command=lambda:tabort(options_root))
start_game_button.grid(column="0",row="3")
exit_button = Button(options_root, text = "Exit", justify=LEFT, command=exit)
exit_button.grid(column="1", row="3")
mainloop()
def main():
options()
w = widthinput.get()
h = heightinput.get()
m = minput.get()
main()
Keep a reference to the widgets, then use the get() method. This becomes much easier if you design your application as a class:
import tkinter as tk
class SampleApp(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self, ...):
...
self.width_entry = tk.Entry(...)
self.height_entry = tk.Entry(...)
self.minput_entry = tk.Entry(...)
...
def main(...):
w = self.width_entry.get()
h = self.height_entry.get()
m = self.input_entry.get()
...
...
app = SampleApp()
app.mainloop()
Related
My code:
import tkinter
class latinwords:
def __init__(self):
self.main = tkinter.Tk()
self.top = tkinter.Frame(self.main)
self.mid = tkinter.Frame(self.main)
self.latinword1 = tkinter.Button(self.mid, text = 'sinister', command = self.cbfunction)
self.latinword2 = tkinter.Button(self.mid, text = 'dexter', command = self.cbfunction2)
self.latinword3 = tkinter.Button(self.mid, text = 'medium', command = self.cbfunction3)
self.toplabel = tkinter.Label(self.top, text= 'Latin')
self.toplabel2 = tkinter.Label(self.top, text= '\tEnglish')
self.value = tkinter.StringVar()
self.value1 = tkinter.StringVar()
self.value2 = tkinter.StringVar()
self.labels = tkinter.Label(self.bot, textvariable = self.value)
self.labels1 = tkinter.Label(self.bot, textvariable = self.value1)
self.labels2 = tkinter.Label(self.bot, textvariable = self.value2)
self.labels.pack()
self.labels1.pack()
self.labels2.pack()
self.top.pack()
self.mid.pack()
self.latinword1.pack()
self.latinword2.pack()
self.latinword3.pack()
self.toplabel.pack(side='left')
self.toplabel2.pack(side='left')
tkinter.mainloop()
def cbfunction(self):
value = 'left'
self.value1.set(value)
def cbfunction2(self):
value = 'right'
self.value.set(value)
def cbfunction3(self):
value = 'centre'
self.value2.set(value)
s = latinwords()
Unexpected output:
Expected output:
As you can see, I am trying to get my expected output with 3 buttons that can show the English word after its being pressed. But I got my output vertically with my own code. I am expecting my button and the matched word are on same horizontal level. Can anyone help me with this issue? Thanks.
It is better to put all the labels and buttons in same frame and use grid() instead of pack():
import tkinter
class latinwords:
def __init__(self):
self.main = tkinter.Tk()
self.mid = tkinter.Frame(self.main)
self.mid.pack()
self.latinword1 = tkinter.Button(self.mid, text='sinister', command=self.cbfunction)
self.latinword2 = tkinter.Button(self.mid, text='dexter', command=self.cbfunction2)
self.latinword3 = tkinter.Button(self.mid, text='medium', command=self.cbfunction3)
self.toplabel = tkinter.Label(self.mid, text='Latin')
self.toplabel2 = tkinter.Label(self.mid, text='English')
self.value = tkinter.StringVar()
self.value1 = tkinter.StringVar()
self.value2 = tkinter.StringVar()
self.labels = tkinter.Label(self.mid, textvariable=self.value)
self.labels1 = tkinter.Label(self.mid, textvariable=self.value1)
self.labels2 = tkinter.Label(self.mid, textvariable=self.value2)
self.labels.grid(row=1, column=1)
self.labels1.grid(row=2, column=1)
self.labels2.grid(row=3, column=1)
self.latinword1.grid(row=1, column=0)
self.latinword2.grid(row=2, column=0)
self.latinword3.grid(row=3, column=0)
self.toplabel.grid(row=0, column=0)
self.toplabel2.grid(row=0, column=1)
tkinter.mainloop()
def cbfunction(self):
value = 'left'
self.value.set(value)
def cbfunction2(self):
value = 'right'
self.value1.set(value)
def cbfunction3(self):
value = 'centre'
self.value2.set(value)
s = latinwords()
Solution:
The self.bot attribute is missing.
self.bot = tkinter.Frame(self.main)
You should set the position of packing of frames.
self.top.pack(side=tkinter.TOP)
self.mid.pack(side=tkinter.LEFT)
self.bot.pack(side=tkinter.RIGHT)
Test/Output:
>>> python3 test.py
NOTE:
The order of English words are not correct but it is not related to question.
I recommend to use the grid instead of pack. You can make more nice GUI with grid in your case. See more: https://tkdocs.com/tutorial/grid.html
I can't seem to update my money counter(var money) when its labeled, I have a button that's supposed to add 0.1 to moneyNum but the money counter doesn't change. I'm new to stack overflow and would appreciate any help.(btw sry if its REALLY messy)
from tkinter import *
import random
from time import sleep
root = Tk()
root.geometry('320x320')
#spacing
spacingTitle = Label(root, text=" \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n")
#title
title = Label(root, text=" \bGamblers Dream\b", font="Helvetica", fg="red")
titleWelcom = Label(root, text=" Welcom to...")
titleWelcom.grid()
title.grid()
#money counter
moneyNum = float(10.0)
money = Label(root, text="money:" + str(moneyNum), font="Helvetica")
money.grid(row=3, column=0)
#moneyClicker
def moneyButtonAdder():
global moneyNum
moneyNum = moneyNum + 0.1
moneyClicker = Button(root, text="click", fg="green", command=moneyButtonAdder)
moneyClicker.grid(row=14)
root.mainloop()
The problem is that once you create a label, you pass the string to it. Label displays the string, and:
changing a string object does not change the label text
changing the integer does not change the string - it lost the whole connection when the new string object was created
So everything is not as procedural as you would have hoped it is.
The solution - use StringVar objects and detect value changes - see this.
So, the solution is:
from tkinter import *
class Observed(object):
"""adapted copy from https://stackoverflow.com/a/6192298/10713244"""
def __init__(self):
self._observed = 10.0
self._observers = []
#property
def observed(self):
return self._observed
#observed.setter
def observed(self, value):
self._observed = value
for callback in self._observers:
print('announcing change')
callback(self._observed)
def bind_to(self, callback):
print('bound')
self._observers.append(callback)
class Observer(object):
def __init__(self, data):
self.text = ''
self.data = data
self.data.bind_to(self.update)
self.tkinter_init()
def update(self, observed):
self.text = 'float: '+str(data._observed)
self.tkinter_update()
def tkinter_init(self):
self.tk = Tk()
self.tvar = StringVar()
self.label = Label(textvariable=self.tvar)
self.label.pack()
def tkinter_update(self):
self.tvar.set(self.text)
if __name__ == '__main__':
data = Observed()
label = Observer(data)
print(label.text)
data.observed = 10.0
print(label.text)
def dec(): data.observed -= 0.1
Button(label.tk, text='decrease', command=dec).pack()
label.tk.mainloop()
Hope that's helpful!
I'm trying to avoid to multiply functions in code by using
def Return_Label(self,number)
with a parameter.
Any Idea how to use string in order to define variable name usable to .set value to StringVar()?
Example code below:
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import *
class WINDOW():
def __init__(self):
self.Settings_Window()
def Settings_Window(self):
self.settings_window = tk.Tk()
self.settings_window.minsize(200,200)
self.entry = Entry(self.settings_window)
self.entry.pack()
self.entry2 = Entry(self.settings_window)
self.entry2.pack()
self.label1input = StringVar()
self.label = Label(self.settings_window,textvariable=self.label1input, bg='yellow')
self.label.pack(expand='yes',fill='x')
self.label2input = StringVar()
self.label2 = Label(self.settings_window, textvariable=self.label2input, bg='yellow')
self.label2.pack(expand='yes', fill='x')
self.button = Button(self.settings_window,text='SETUP1',command=self.Next)
self.button.pack()
self.button2 = Button(self.settings_window,text='SETUP2',command=self.Next2)
self.button2.pack()
self.settings_window.mainloop()
def Next(self):
self.number=1
self.Return_Label(self.number)
def Next2(self):
self.number=2
self.Return_Label(self.number)
def Return_Label(self,number):
self.entry_field_value = self.entry.get()
print(self.entry_field_value)
#self.label1input.set(self.entry_field_value)
setattr(self,'label'+str(number)+'input.set',self.entry_field_value)
window=WINDOW()
I prefer a list approach to managing multiple entry fields and updating values.
By using list you can use the index value to manage the labels as well :D.
See the below example of how you can use list to deal with all the values and updates.
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import *
class Window(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.minsize(200, 200)
self.entry_list = []
self.label_list = []
entry_count = 2
for i in range(entry_count):
self.entry_list.append(Entry(self))
self.entry_list[i].pack()
for i in range(entry_count):
self.label_list.append(Label(self,bg='yellow'))
self.label_list[i].pack(expand='yes', fill='x')
Button(self, text='SETUP', command=self.Return_Label).pack()
def Return_Label(self):
for ndex, lbl in enumerate(self.label_list):
lbl.config(text=self.entry_list[ndex].get())
if __name__ == '__main__':
Window().mainloop()
Create lists of objects rather than individual attributes for each object. For example,
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import *
class Window:
def __init__(self):
self.settings_window()
def Settings_Window(self):
self.settings_window = tk.Tk()
self.settings_window.minsize(200,200)
self.entries = [
Entry(self.settings_window),
Entry(self.settings_window)
]
for e in self.entries:
e.pack()
self.labelinputs = [
StringVar(),
StringVar()
]
self.labels = [
Label(self.settings_window, textvariable=label, bg='yellow')
for label in self.labelinputs
]
for l in self.labels:
l.pack(expand='yes', fill='x')
self.buttons = [
Button(self.settings_window,text='SETUP1',command=lambda: self.return_label(0))
Button(self.settings_window,text='SETUP2',command=lambda: self.return_label(1))
]
for b in self.buttons:
b.pack()
self.settings_window.mainloop()
def return_label(self,number):
entry_field_value = self.entry.get()
self.labelsinput[number].set(entry_field_value)
window=WINDOW()
Dynamicly computing variable names should be avoided at all costs. They are difficult to do correctly, and it makes your code hard to understand, hard to maintain, and hard to debug.
Instead, store the widgets in a dictionary or list. For example:
def __init___(self):
...
self.vars = {}
...
self.vars[1] = StringVar()
self.vars[2] = StringVar()
...
def Return_Label(self,number):
self.entry_field_value = self.entry.get()
var = self.vars[number]
var.set(self.entry_field_value)
Though, you really don't need to use StringVar at all -- they usually just add extra overhead without providing any extra value. You can save the labels instead of the variables, and call configure on the labels
self.labels[1] = Label(...)
...
self.labels[number].configure(text=self.entry_field_value)
The problem I am having is that the function below works fine on the first pass with regards to displaying the chosen value at the top of the OptionMenu before the 'Enter' button is clicked:
First pass
However on a second pass and any future passes to the function the chosen value is not displayed at the top of the OptionMenu (although if selected it will be used) before the 'Enter' Button is pressed:
Second etc. passes
The code is:
def load_create_list(self):
self.app = Toplevel(self.parent)
self.parent.withdraw()
self.app.title("Rgs2")
self.student = []
self.student1=[]
self.gs1=0
self.ng1=0
options = ["2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7"]
self.results=[]
self.ngg=StringVar() #for the option menu widget the variable must be a stringVar not a normal string, int etc.
self.ng = Label(self.app, text="Number of groups")
self.ng.grid(row=2, column=0)
self.ngg.set("3")
self.ng1 = OptionMenu(self.app, self.ngg, *options)
self.ng1.grid(row=2, column=1, ipadx=10)
for i in range(0,len(self.x3)):
self.L1 = Label(self.app,text="Student")
self.L1.grid(row=i+4, column=0)
self.en = Entry(self.app)
self.en.insert(END, self.x3[i])
self.en.grid(row=i+4, column=1)
self.student.append(self.en)
self.el = int(len(self.student)+1)
for h in range(self.el,self.el+5):
self.L2 = Label(self.app,text="Student")
self.L2.grid(row=h+4, column=0)
self.em = Entry(self.app)
self.em.grid(row=h+4, column=1)
self.student.append(self.em)
button=Button(self.app,text="enter",command=lambda : self.hallo2()).grid(row=h+7,column=0)
button=Button(self.app,text="Save List",command=lambda : self.save_list2()).grid(row=h+7,column=1)
I have tried everything but can't understand what might be causing this issues. Any help would be gladly appreciated. Seems like very odd behaviour could it be something outside of the function that is causing the issue?
Full code is:
from Tkinter import *
from tkFileDialog import askopenfile
class main_menu:
def __init__(self, parent):
self.myParent = parent
self.myContainer1 = Frame(parent)
parent.title("Random Group Sorter")
self.myContainer1.pack()
self.button1 = Button(self.myContainer1, command = lambda : self.hope())
self.button1.configure(text="Create List", height = 1, width = 20, font=("Arial", 16))
self.button1.pack(side=TOP)
self.button1.focus_force()
self.button3 = Button(self.myContainer1, command = lambda : self.hope1())
self.button3.configure(text="Load List", height = 1, width = 20, font=("Arial", 16))
self.button3.pack(side=TOP)
self.button2 = Button(self.myContainer1, command = lambda : exit(), )
self.button2.configure(text="Exit",height = 1, width = 20, font=("Arial", 16))
self.button2.pack(side=TOP)
def hope(self):
self.myParent.destroy()
create_list()
def hope1(self):
self.myParent.destroy()
load_list()
class create_list():
def __init__(self):
parent = Tk()
self.parent=parent
self.student = []
self.student1 =[]
self.student2 =[]
self.fake_student = []
self.results=[]
self.ngg = StringVar()# for the option menu widget the variable must be a stringVar not a normal string, int etc.
self.ng = Label(text="Number of groups")
self.ng.grid(row=2, column=0)
self.ng = OptionMenu(parent, self.ngg, "2", "3", "4", "5","6")
self.ng.grid(row=2, column=1)
for i in range(3,21):
self.L1 = Label(text="Student")
self.L1.grid(sticky=E)
self.en = Entry(parent)
self.en.grid(row=i, column=1)
self.student.append(self.en)
button=Button(parent,text="Enter",command=lambda : self.hallo()).grid(row=23,column=0)
button=Button(parent,text="Save List",command=lambda : self.save_list()).grid(row=23,column=1)
parent.mainloop()
def hallo(self):
self.gs1 = int(len(self.student))
self.ng1 = int(self.ngg.get())# still need to use .get even though a stringvar
for entry in self.student:
self.student1.append(entry.get())
self.student1 = filter(None, self.student1)
for i in self.student1:# this is added as there are duplicate entries in the student list if saved
if i not in self.student2:
self.student2.append(i)
self.parent.destroy()
lis_an(self.student2,self.ng1)
def save_list(self):
for entry in self.student:
self.student1.append(entry.get())
self.student1 = filter(None, self.student1)
import tkFileDialog
root = Tk()
root.withdraw()
file_name = tkFileDialog.asksaveasfile(parent=root)
root.destroy()
print >>file_name, "\n"
print >>file_name, "\n".join(self.student1)
file_name.close()
class load_list:
def __init__(self):
self.x = []
self.x3 = []
self.load_clean()
self.root = Tk()
def load_clean(self):#option to load an already created file, cleans unwanted info from the list
import tkFileDialog
root = Tk()
root.withdraw()
file_name = tkFileDialog.askopenfile(parent=root)
root.destroy()
self.x = file_name.readlines()
file_name.close()
x2 =self.x[:]
for z in self.x:
if z [0:6]== "Random" or z == '\n' or z[0:5] == "Group":
x2.remove(z)
for c in range (0,len(x2)):
v = x2[c].rstrip()# this strip spaces and \n from each list item and returns the cleaned up string
self.x3.append(v)
self.load_create_list()
def load_create_list(self):
parent = Tk()
self.parent=parent
self.student = []
self.student1=[]
self.gs1=0
self.ng1=0
self.results=[]
self.ngg = StringVar()# for the option menu widget the variable must be a stringVar not a normal string, int etc.
self.ng = Label(text="Number of groups")
self.ng.grid(row=2, column=0)
self.ng = OptionMenu(parent, self.ngg, "2", "3", "4", "5", "6")
self.ng.grid(row=2, column=1)
for i in range(0,len(self.x3)):
self.L1 = Label(text="Student")
self.L1.grid(row=i+3, column=0)
self.en = Entry(parent)
self.en.insert(END, self.x3[i])
self.en.grid(row=i+3, column=1)
self.student.append(self.en)
self.el = int(len(self.student)+1)
for h in range(self.el,self.el+5):
self.L2 = Label(text="Student")
self.L2.grid(row=h+3, column=0)
self.em = Entry(parent)
self.em.grid(row=h+3, column=1)
self.student.append(self.em)
button=Button(parent,text="enter",command=lambda : self.hallo2()).grid(row=h+6,column=0)
button=Button(parent,text="Save List",command=lambda : self.save_list2()).grid(row=h+6,column=1)
parent.mainloop()
def hallo2(self):
self.student2= []
self.gs1 = int(len(self.student))
self.ng1 = int(self.ngg.get())# still need to use .get even though a stringvar
for entry in self.student:
self.student1.append(entry.get())
self.student1 = filter(None, self.student1)
for i in self.student1:# this is added as there are duplicate entries in the student list if saved
if i not in self.student2:
self.student2.append(i)
self.parent.destroy()
lis_an(self.student2,self.ng1)
def save_list2(self):
for entry in self.student:
self.student1.append(entry.get())
self.student1 = filter(None, self.student1)
import tkFileDialog
root = Tk()
root.withdraw()
file_name = tkFileDialog.asksaveasfile(parent=root)
root.destroy()
print >>file_name, "\n"
print >>file_name, "\n".join(self.student1)
file_name.close()
class lis_an:
def __init__(self,student1,ng1):
self.student1 = student1
self.ng1=ng1
self.results = []
self.randomList()
def randomList(self): # this creates a random list of students on the course
import random
studentb = self.student1[:]# this is added as otherwise the student list is overwritten
studentc = []
for i in range(len(studentb)):
element = random.choice(studentb)
studentb.remove(element)
studentc.append(element)
self.student1 = studentc
self.partition()
def partition(self): # this creates sub list of the student list containing the groups of students
increment = len(self.student1) / float(self.ng1)
last = 0
i = 1
while last < len(self.student1):
idx = int(round(increment * i))
self.results.append(self.student1[last:idx])
last = idx
i += 1
output(self.results, self.ng1)
class output:
def __init__(self, student, ng1):
self.ng1 = ng1
self.student = student
self.parent = Tk()
for item1 in range (0,len(self.student)):
test1 = "Group " + str(item1+1)+ ":"
v = Label(self.parent, text=test1, font=("Arial", 13))
test = "\n".join(self.student[item1])
w = Label(self.parent, text=test, justify = LEFT, font=("Arial", 12))
v.pack(side="top", anchor="w")
w.pack(side="top", anchor="w")
button=Button(self.parent,text="Repeat",command=lambda : self.join_list()).pack(side="top", anchor="w")
button=Button(self.parent,text="Main Menu",command=lambda : self.menu_link()).pack(side="top", anchor="w")
mainloop()
def join_list(self):#this function creates a new undivided version of student to feed back to lis_an
self.parent.destroy()
self.student = [j for i in self.student for j in i]
lis_an(self.student,self.ng1)
def menu_link(self):#destroys the parent frame and returns back to main menu
self.parent.destroy()
main()
def main():
parent = Tk()
myapp = main_menu(parent)
parent.mainloop()
main()
Very Simple solution to this problem. I was not defining self.ngg as a StringVar in the parent widget so:
self.ngg = StringVar()
Would cause the error, and
self.ngg = StringVar(self.app)
Solves the problem. Not quite sure why this would occur on the second and subsequent uses of the function but not the first.
Here is my problem, I'm creating a Tkinter GUI
and in a class object I call for a text tipped in a textfield and make an array of it
But I can't find how to retrieve and use this object later on in the script.
Here my script
import pandas as pd
from pandas import *
import numpy as np
import Tkinter
from Tkinter import *
from pylab import *
from ttk import *
import ScrolledText
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(100, 500, size = (10, 20)), index = list('abcdefghij'))
mylist = df.index.values.tolist()
rootWin = Tkinter.Tk()
class GraphGUI():
def __init__(self, rootWin):
self.textfield = ScrolledText.ScrolledText(rootWin, width=30, height=10)
#Add some text:
self.textfield.insert(INSERT, "Replace")
self.textfield.grid(column=0, row=4)
self.button = Button(rootWin, text="Process!", command=self.clicked)
self.button.grid(column=1, row=4)
def clicked(self):
eText = self.textfield.get('1.0', END)
converted = eText.encode('ascii','ignore')
myarray = converted.splitlines()
print(myarray)
def clicked2():
print(clicked.myarray)
start = Tkinter.Button(rootWin, text="start!", command=clicked2).grid(column=7, row=8)
app = GraphGUI( rootWin )
rootWin.mainloop()
The problem is when I click on the process Button no problem myarray get printed.
But when I use the start button I can't retrieve it.
Is there a way to retrieve myarray out of the Class object?
Also Is it possible to print myarray with the Start button without having to use the Process button first?
##### EDIT
Here the final working script thanks to the help
class GraphGUI():
def __init__(self, rootWin):
self.textfield = ScrolledText.ScrolledText(rootWin, width=30, height=10)
#Add some text:
self.textfield.insert(INSERT, "Replace by your Accession list")
self.textfield.grid(column=6, row=4)
self.button = Button(rootWin, text="Process!", command=self.clicked)
self.button.grid(column=7, row=4)
#property
def myarray(self):
e_Text = self.textfield.get('1.0', END)
converted = e_Text.encode('ascii','ignore')
return converted.splitlines()
def clicked(self):
print(self.myarray)
print(variablea.get()) #not defined here#
print(variableb.get())
def clicked2():
print(app.myarray)
start = Tkinter.Button(rootWin, text="start!", command=clicked2).grid(column=7, row=10)
Looks like you're trying to access a local variable of an object method. That's not possible. If you need it, try defining it as its own callback instead.
class GraphGUI():
def __init__(self, rootWin):
self.textfield = ScrolledText.ScrolledText(rootWin,
width=30,
height=10)
# Add some text:
self.textfield.insert(INSERT, "Replace")
self.textfield.grid(column=0, row=4)
self.button = Button(rootWin, text="Process!", command=self.clicked)
self.button.grid(column=1, row=4)
def clicked(self):
eText = self.textfield.get('1.0', END)
converted = eText.encode('ascii', 'ignore')
myarray = converted.splitlines()
return myarray
rootWin = Tkinter.Tk()
app = GraphGUI(rootWin)
start = Tkinter.Button(rootWin, text="start!", command=app.clicked)
start.grid(column=7, row=8) # your code assigned `start = None` btw
rootWin.mainloop()
Alternatively, myarray could just be defined as a property of the class.
class GraphGUI():
...
#property
def myarray(self):
e_txt = self.textfield.get('1.0', END)
converted = e_txt.encode('ascii', 'ignore')
return converted.splitlines()
def clicked(self):
print(self.myarray)
# do whatever else it has to do
rootWin = Tkinter.Tk()
start = Tkinter.Button(rootWin, text="Start!",
command=lambda: app.myarray)
...
You are trying to access a local variable in the method of an object, which you simply cannot do.
What you can do is that that other method return the object, or you can convert that local variable into an instance variable.
The simplest solution is to have the function return the data that you want:
class GraphGUI():
...
def clicked(self):
...
return myarray
def clicked2():
myarray = app.clicked()
print("myarray:", myarray)