I'm programming a small script that is meant to open a binary file, find an often-changing binary blob, and copy just that blob to a new file.
Here's the layout of the binary file:
-JUNK (Unknown Size) (Unknown Contents)
-3-byte HEADER containing encoded size of blob
-PADDING (Unknown Size) (Every byte is FF in hex)
-Start of blob (72 bytes) (Unknown Contents)
-16 bytes that are ALWAYS the same
-End of blob (Size can be determined from subtracting (72+16) from value HEADER) (Unknown Contents)
-JUNK (Unknown Size) (Unknown Contents)
Here's the code I've written so far:
from sys import argv
import binascii
import base64
InputFileName = argv[1]
with open(InputFileName, 'rb') as InputFile:
Constant16 = base64.b64decode("GIhTSuBask6y60iLI2VwIg==")
Constant16Offset = InputFile.read().find(Constant16)
InputFile.seek(Constant16Offset)
InputFile.seek(-72,1)
InputFile.seek(-1,1)
FFTestVar = InputFile.read(1)
while FFTestVar == b'\xFF':
InputFile.seek(-2,1)
FFTestVar = InputFile.read(1)
InputFile.seek(-3,1)
BlobSizeBin = InputFile.read(3)
BlobSizeHex = binascii.b2a_hex(BlobSizeBin)
BlobSizeDec = int(BlobSizeHex, 16)
InputFile.seek(Constant16Offset)
InputFile.seek(-72,1)
Blob = InputFile.read(BlobSizeDec)
with open('output.bin', 'wb') as OutputFile:
OutputFile.write(Blob)
Unfortunately, the while loop is SLOW. InputFile could be up to 24MB large, and the padding could be a huge chunk of that. Going through it one byte at a time is ridiculously slow.
I'm thinking that there's probably a better way of doing this, but an hour or two of Googling hasn't been helpful.
Thanks!
You can read whole file into memory (you actually do it):
data = InputFile.read()
And then you can treat data like casual string (but it's not unicode string but an array of bytes, which is unfortunately called str under python 2.X). You need to remember offset so we will create offset attribute. Every line which looks like InputFile.seek(xx) must be translated into offset = xx and InputFile.seek(xx, 1) into offset += xx.
magic_number = base64.b64decode("GIhTSuBask6y60iLI2VwIg==")
offset = magic_number_offset = data.find(magic_number)
offset -= 72
Then, instead of while loop use re module (you need to import that module):
pattern = re.compile("[^\xFF]\xFF*$")
offset = pattern.search(data, endpos=offset).start() + 1
And the rest of code is:
offset -= 3
blob_size_bin = data[offset:offset+3]
blob_size_hex = binascii.b2a_hex(blob_size_bin)
blob_size_dec = int(blob_size_hex, 16)
offset = magic_number_offset - 72
blob = data[offset:offset+blob_size_dec]
If the files are really big and the python process consumes a lot of memory, you can use mmap module instead of loading whole file into memory.
If this solutions is still slow, you can reverse order of your data (reversed_data = data[::-1]) and search for pattern [^\ff].
Related
I am writing a program to read and write bits from a file to another file. I found a library called bitstring that helps to manipulate bits as strings. However, this library helps me to read bits, but I cannot write the read bits. Both inputs and outputs files have the same size, so it will be no problem in term of bytes. This is a part of my code.
import bitstring
file = bitstring.ConstBitStream(filename='paper.pdf')
print(file.length)
bits_to_read = 5000000
last_bits = 0
while file.pos < file.length-bits_to_read:
bits = file.read(bits_to_read)
str_bits = bitstring.BitArray(bits).bin
rest = file.length - file.pos
bits = file.read(rest)
str_bits = bitstring.BitArray(bits).bin
with kind of regards.
So, I have found a solution. I appended the resulted bits into one variable and next, I exported. This is a part of the code:
while file.pos < file.length-bits_to_read:
bits = file.read(bits_to_read)
str_bits = bitstring.BitArray(bits).bin
encrypted_bits = ''.join(encrypt(str_bits, cipher))
exported_str = exported_str + encrypted_bits
rest = file.length - file.pos
bits = file.read(rest)
str_bits = bitstring.BitArray(bits).bin
exported_str = exported_str + str_bits
exported_bits = bitstring.BitArray(bin=exported_str)
with open(output_name, 'wb') as f:
f.write(exported_bits.tobytes())
I have a table in a database which stores image files in varbinary(max) type. I would like to extract, convert and save the image file. Then, I used the cast as varcharmax to extract:
cast([IMG_FILE] as varchar(max))
The result of this cast looks like a hex string (I've removed part of string to protect the privacy of the person):
\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
I tried to used this hex string in a online tool (https://codepen.io/abdhass/full/jdRNdj), and the image is corrected displayed (remembering that I've cutted part of string to preserve the persons privacy):
Then, I've tried to take this hex string and tried to convert to a image file using python3. I've been trying a lot of things (the majority found here), but until now, I coudn't save the correct file.
Saving directly doesn't generate the image.
with open(photo_path + 'file.jpg', 'wb') as new_jpg:
new_jpg.write(hexString)
Using binascii.unhexlify returns "Non-hexadecimal digit found"
binascii.unhexlify(hexString)
Converting to int/bin returns invalid literal for int() with base 16:
bin(int(hexString, 16))[2:]
I would like to know how to solve this problem? That is, I would like to take this hex string and save a image file in my computer.
If I have string without \x then I can convert every two chars to integer value, create bytearray and save it
text = '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'
integers = []
while text:
value = int(text[:2], 16)
integers.append(value)
text = text[2:]
data = bytearray(integers)
with open('output.jpg', 'wb') as fh:
print(fh.write(data))
If I have string with \x then first \xff is treated as char's code so I have to use ord() to convert it integer.
text = '\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'
integers = []
value = ord(text[0])
integers.append(value)
text = text[1:]
while text:
value = int(text[:2], 16)
integers.append(value)
text = text[2:]
data = bytearray(integers)
with open('output.jpg', 'wb') as fh:
print(fh.write(data))
Because string in your question is incomplete so it creates incomplete image.
But with data from link it create correct JPG file.
EDIT:
It seems you have raw string and \x is treated as normal string, not part of byte \xff - and you have to remove \x at start using using text = text[2:]
text = r'\xffd8ff...'
integers = []
text = text[2:]
while text:
value = int(text[:2], 16)
integers.append(value)
text = text[2:]
data = bytearray(integers)
with open('output.jpg', 'wb') as fh:
print(fh.write(data))
EDIT:
Simpler version with standard module codecs. It still need to remove \x from string.
If you have bytes:
text = b'\\xffd8ff...' # bytes
import codecs
text = text[2:] # remove `\x`
data = codecs.decode(text, 'hex_codec')
with open('output.jpg', 'wb') as fh:
fh.write(data)
If you have string - then you have to first encode() to bytes:
text = '\\xffd8ff...' # string
import codecs
text = text.encode() # bytes
text = text[2:] # remove `\x`
data = codecs.decode(text, 'hex_codec')
with open('output-1.jpg', 'wb') as fh:
fh.write(data)
I am using Python to convert a block of binary data into its equivalent Float data. The code which I have written works well in Python Version 2.7, But the same fails in Python 3.4
import sys
import struct
start = 1500
stop = 1600
step = 10
with open("/home/pi/Desktop/Output.bin", "rb") as f:
byte = f.read(2)
readNext = int(byte[1])
byte = f.read(int(readNext))
byte = f.read(4)
while (len(byte) > 3):
measurement = struct.unpack('<f4', byte)
start = start + 10
print(start, measurement)
byte = f.read(4)
The binary Block data looks as below
"#220&û<êŒûvçæýTûz£¯÷ßwÎ"
The first bytes is always #, followed by a number which says the number of following bytes which are Number, in this case it is 2, so it's followed by 20. After this comes the real data. Each Reading in 4 bytes long and to be converted into float using little endian format.
Output when Run in Python 2.7:
(1510, (-5.711601726275634e+25,))
(1520, (-246.98333740234375,))
(1530, (8723971440640.0,))
(1540, (-2.9736910156508145e-10,))
(1550, (-1039662528.0,))
Code I am running in Python 3.4:
import sys
import struct
start = 1500
stop = 1600
step = 10
with open("/home/pi/Desktop/Output.bin", "rb") as f:
byte = f.read(2)
byte = byte.decode('UTF-8') #I had to convert to read the Byte
readNext = byte[1] # Reading the First Digit
byte = f.read(int(readNext)) # Skip the Integer values
byte = f.read(4) # The Actual Data
while (len(byte) > 3):
measurement = struct.unpack('<f4', byte)
start = start + 10
print(start, measurement)
byte = f.read(4)
Error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/pi/Desktop/MultiProbe/bin2float.py", line 17, in <module>
measurement = struct.unpack('<f4', byte)
struct.error: repeat count given without format specifier
How can I modify it to get the Output similar to what I get when running in Python2.7
you provided a repeat count but you actually need 1 decoded float (you're trying to decode 4 floats here)
It worked in python 2, probably because of a bug in the older versions of python (struct allows repeat spec. without a format specifier)
measurement = struct.unpack('<f', byte)
should do the trick.
How do you manage chunked data with gzip encoding?
I have a server which sends data in the following manner:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n
...
Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n
Content-Encoding: gzip\r\n
\r\n
1f50\r\n\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x03\xec}\xebr\xdb\xb8\xd2\xe0\xef\xb8\xea\xbc\x03\xa2\xcc\x17\xd9\xc7\xba\xfa\x1e\xc9r*\x93\xcbL\xf6\xcc\x9c\xcc7\xf1\x9c\xf9\xb6r\xb2.H ... L\x9aFs\xe7d\xe3\xff\x01\x00\x00\xff\xff\x03\x00H\x9c\xf6\xe93\x00\x01\x00\r\n0\r\n\r\n
I've had a few different approaches to this but there's something i'm forgetting here.
data = b''
depleted = False
while not depleted:
depleted = True
for fd, event in poller.poll(2.0):
depleted = False
if event == select.EPOLLIN:
tmp = sock.recv(8192)
data += zlib.decompress(tmp, 15 + 32)
Gives (also tried decoding only data after \r\n\r\n obv):
zlib.error: Error -3 while decompressing data: incorrect header check
So I figured the data should be decompressed once the data has been recieved in it's whole format..
...
if event == select.EPOLLIN:
data += sock.recv(8192)
data = zlib.decompress(data.split(b'\r\n\r\n',1)[1], 15 + 32)
Same error. Also tried decompressing data[:-7] because of the chunk ID at the very end of the data and with data[2:-7] and other various combinations, but with the same error.
I've also tried the gzip module via:
with gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=Bytes(data), 'rb') as fh:
fh.read()
But that gives me "Not a gzipped file".
Even after recording down the data as recieved by the servers (headers + data) down into a file, and then creating a server-socket on port 80 serving the data (again, as is) to the browser it renders perfectly so the data is intact.
I took this data, stripped off the headers (and nothing else) and tried gzip on the file:
Thanks to #mark-adler I produced the following code to un-chunk the chunked data:
unchunked = b''
pos = 0
while pos <= len(data):
chunkLen = int(binascii.hexlify(data[pos:pos+2]), 16)
unchunked += data[pos+2:pos+2+chunkLen]
pos += 2+len('\r\n')+chunkLen
with gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=BytesIO(data[:-7])) as fh:
data = fh.read()
This produces OSError: CRC check failed 0x70a18ee9 != 0x5666e236 which is one step closer. In short I clip the data according to these four parts:
<chunk length o' X bytes> \r\n <chunk> \r\n
I'm probably getting there, but not close enough.
Footnote: Yes, the socket is far from optimal, but it looks this way because i thought i didn't get all the data from the socket so i implemented a huge timeout and a attempt at a fail-safe with depleted :)
You can't split on \r\n since the compressed data may contain, and if long enough, certainly will contain that sequence. You need to dechunk first using the length provided (e.g. the first length 1f50) and feed the resulting chunks to decompress. The compressed data starts with the \x1f\x8b.
The chunking is hex number, crlf, chunk with that many bytes, crlf, hex number, crlf, chunk, crlf, ..., last chunk (of zero length), [possibly some headers], crlf.
#mark-adler gave me some good pointers on how the chunked mode in the HTML protocol works, besides this i fiddled around with different ways of unzipping the data.
You're supposed to stitch the chunks into one big heap
You're supposed to use gzip not zlib
You can only unzip the entire stitched chunks, doing it in parts will not work
Here's the solution for all three of the above problems:
unchunked = b''
pos = 0
while pos <= len(data):
chunkNumLen = data.find(b'\r\n', pos)-pos
# print('Chunk length found between:',(pos, pos+chunkNumLen))
chunkLen=int(data[pos:pos+chunkNumLen], 16)
# print('This is the chunk length:', chunkLen)
if chunkLen == 0:
# print('The length was 0, we have reached the end of all chunks')
break
chunk = data[pos+chunkNumLen+len('\r\n'):pos+chunkNumLen+len('\r\n')+chunkLen]
# print('This is the chunk (Skipping',pos+chunkNumLen+len('\r\n'),', grabing',len(chunk),'bytes):', [data[pos+chunkNumLen+len('\r\n'):pos+chunkNumLen+len('\r\n')+chunkLen]],'...',[data[pos+chunkNumLen+len('\r\n')+chunkLen:pos+chunkNumLen+len('\r\n')+chunkLen+4]])
unchunked += chunk
pos += chunkNumLen+len('\r\n')+chunkLen+len('\r\n')
with gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=BytesIO(unchunked)) as fh:
unzipped = fh.read()
return unzipped
I left the debug output in there but uncommented for a reason.
It was extremely useful even tho it looks like a mess to get what data you/i was actually trying to decompress and which parts was fetched where and which values each calculation brings fourth.
This code will walk through the chunked data with the following format:
<chunk length o' X bytes> \r\n <chunk> \r\n
Had to be careful when first of all extracting the X bytes as they came in 1f50 which i first had to use binascii.hexlify(data[0:4]) on before putting it into int(), not sure why i don't need that anymore because i needed it in order to get a length of ~8000 before but then it gave me a REALLY big number all of a sudden which was't logical even tho i didn't really give it any other data.. anyway.
After that it was just a matter of making sure the numbers were correct and then combine all the chunks into one hughe pile of gzip data and feed that into .GzipFile(...).
Edit 3 years later:
I'm aware that this was a client-side problem at first, but here's a server-side function to send a some what functional test:
def http_gzip(data):
compressed = gzip.compress(data)
# format(49, 'x') returns `31` which is `\x31` but without the `\x` notation.
# basically the same as `hex(49)` but ment for these kind of things.
return bytes(format(len(compressed), 'x')),'UTF-8') + b'\r\n' + compressed + b'\r\n0\r\n\r\n'
I want to convert a binary file (such as a jpg, mp3, etc) to web-safe text and then back into binary data. I've researched a few modules and I think I'm really close but I keep getting data corruption.
After looking at the documentation for binascii I came up with this:
from binascii import *
raw_bytes = open('test.jpg','rb').read()
text = b2a_qp(raw_bytes,quotetabs=True,header=False)
bytesback = a2b_qp(text,header=False)
f = open('converted.jpg','wb')
f.write(bytesback)
f.close()
When I try to open the converted.jpg I get data corruption :-/
I also tried using b2a_base64 with 57-long blocks of binary data. I took each block, converted to a string, concatenated them all together, and then converted back in a2b_base64 and got corruption again.
Can anyone help? I'm not super knowledgeable on all the intricacies of bytes and file formats. I'm using Python on Windows if that makes a difference with the \r\n stuff
Your code looks quite complicated. Try this:
#!/usr/bin/env python
from binascii import *
raw_bytes = open('28.jpg','rb').read()
i = 0
str_one = b2a_base64(raw_bytes) # 1
str_list = b2a_base64(raw_bytes).split("\n") #2
bytesBackAll = a2b_base64(''.join(str_list)) #2
print bytesBackAll == raw_bytes #True #2
bytesBackAll = a2b_base64(str_one) #1
print bytesBackAll == raw_bytes #True #1
Lines tagged with #1 and #2 represent alternatives to each other. #1 seems most straightforward to me - just make it one string, process it and convert it back.
You should use base64 encoding instead of quoted printable. Use b2a_base64() and a2b_base64().
Quoted printable is much bigger for binary data like pictures. In this encoding each binary (non alphanumeric character) code is changed into =HEX. It can be used for texts that consist mainly of alphanumeric like email subjects.
Base64 is much better for mainly binary data. It takes 6 bites of first byte, then last 2 bits of 1st byte and 4 bites from 2nd byte. etc. It can be recognized by = padding at the end of the encoded text (sometimes other character is used).
As an example I took .jpeg of 271 700 bytes. In qp it is 627 857 b while in base64 it is 362 269 bytes. Size of qp is dependent of data type: text which is letters only do not change. Size of base64 is orig_size * 8 / 6.
Your documentation reference is for Python 3.0.1. There is no good reason using Python 3.0. You should be using 3.2 or 2.7. What exactly are you using?
Suggestion: (1) change bytes to raw_bytes to avoid confusion with the bytes built-in (2) check for raw_bytes == bytes_back in your test script (3) while your test should work with quoted-printable, it is very inefficient for binary data; use base64 instead.
Update: Base64 encoding produces 4 output bytes for every 3 input bytes. Your base64 code doesn't work with 56-byte chunks because 56 is not an integral multiple of 3; each chunk is padded out to a multiple of 3. Then you join the chunks and attempt to decode, which is guaranteed not to work.
Your chunking loop would be much better written as:
output_string = ''.join(
b2a_base64(raw_bytes[i:i+57]) for i in xrange(0, xrange(len(raw_bytes), 57)
)
In any case, chunking is rather slow and pointless; just do b2a_base64(raw_bytes)
#PMC's answer copied from the question:
Here's what works:
from binascii import *
raw_bytes = open('28.jpg','rb').read()
str_list = []
i = 0
while i < len(raw_bytes):
byteSegment = raw_bytes[i:i+57]
str_list.append(b2a_base64(byteSegment))
i += 57
bytesBackAll = a2b_base64(''.join(str_list))
print bytesBackAll == raw_bytes #True
Thanks for the help guys. I'm not sure why this would fail with [0:56] instead of [0:57] but I'll leave that as an exercise for the reader :P