I am using code in wxPython to show images.
I created a screen with 2 panels, one left and right.
In one of the panels (randomly chosen), I want do display an image for exactly 150ms.
How can I program this? I am relatively new to Python, and I don't find any clear way on the internet.
My code for now (without the 150ms):
import wxversion
wxversion.select("3.0")
import wx
import random
import timeclass Screen_1(wx.Dialog):
ri = 0
def __init__(self,parent,id,title):
wx.Dialog.__init__(self,parent,id,title,size=(400,300))
self.randomImage = random.randrange(1,3)
self.randomSlot = random.randrange(1,3)
Screen_1.ri = self.randomImage
if(self.randomSlot == 1):
self.side = 'Left'
else:
self.side = 'Right'
file = open('User.txt','a')
panel_left = wx.Panel(self,11,(-1,-1),(200,200))
self.picture_left = wx.StaticBitmap(panel_left)
font = wx.Font(13,wx.DEFAULT,wx.NORMAL,wx.BOLD)
panel_centre = wx.Panel(self,12,(200,70),(10,100))
msg = wx.StaticText(panel_centre,-1,'+',size=(10,100))
msg.SetFont(font)
panel_right = wx.Panel(self,13,(210,0),(200,200))
self.picture_right = wx.StaticBitmap(panel_right)
**self.imageName = 'im_'+str(self.randomImage)+'.png'**
if self.randomSlot == 1:
self.picture_left.SetBitmap(wx.Bitmap(self.imageName))
else:
self.picture_right.SetBitmap(wx.Bitmap(self.imageName))
wx.FutureCall(1000,self.Destroy)
self.Centre()
self.ShowModal()
def OnClick(self,event):
self.Close()
Thanks a lot!
def OnTimeUp(self,e):
#change images
self.timer.Start(15,oneShot=True) # if you want to call it again in 15 ms
def StartTimer(self):
self.timer = wx.Timer()
self.timer.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER,self.OnTimeUp)
self.timer.Start(15,oneShot=True)
something like that ... although 15ms is very fast ...
Related
I'm trying to make a platformer with a parallax background. I managed the code and also made sure to add .convert.
It is running pretty well for the most part, but every now and then there are periodic lag spikes.
# Imports
from vars import *
# Background class
class Background(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, image, x):
super(Background, self).__init__()
self.surf = pygame.transform.smoothscale(pygame.image.load(image).convert_alpha(), (s_width, s_height))
self.rect = self.surf.get_rect(center=(x, s_height/2))
# Cave Background
class BgSurface(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
super(BgSurface, self).__init__()
self.surf = pygame.Surface((s_width, s_height))
self.rect = self.surf.get_rect(center=(s_width/2, s_height/2))
self.surf.fill((144, 156, 156))
# Background stuff
cave_air = BgSurface()
l1 = Background("layer1.png", s_width/2)
l2 = Background("layer2.png", s_width/2)
layer_list = [pygame.sprite.Group(l1), pygame.sprite.Group(l2)]
head_list = [pygame.sprite.Group(l1), pygame.sprite.Group(l2)]
bg_img_list = ["layer1.png", "layer2.png"]
def parallax(s_xdir, s_ydir):
for i in range(len(layer_list)):
ind = 0
for x in layer_list[i]:
ind += 1
x.rect.move_ip(s_xdir * vel_list[i], s_ydir * vel_list[2])
# Adding to left
if x.rect.left > 0 and ind == len(layer_list[i]) and not x.rect.centerx > s_width:
new_bg = Background(bg_img_list[i], x.rect.centerx - s_width)
new_bg.rect.centery = x.rect.centery
layer_list[i].add(new_bg)
# Memory optimization
if x.rect.left > s_width or x.rect.right < 1:
if x in head_list[i]:
x.kill()
for a in layer_list[i]:
head_list[i] = pygame.sprite.Group(a)
x.kill()
# Adding to right side
for a in head_list[i]:
if a.rect.right < s_width:
new_head = Background(bg_img_list[i], a.rect.centerx + s_width)
new_head.rect.centery = a.rect.centery
layer_list[i].add(new_head)
head_list[i] = pygame.sprite.Group(new_head)
# Experimental deletion of common centers
for p in layer_list[i]:
for q in layer_list[i]:
if p.rect.centerx == q.rect.centerx and p != q:
p.kill()
(Stuff like s_width and s_height are defined in the vars module which I import)
I moved the last killing loop out of the function and checked how many sprites are there in the background every second, but it returns that there are no unnecessary sprites being added during the lag spikes.
The spikes don't even coincide with the moments in which a new surface is added to fill the screen. Do any of you know why this is happening?
Do not load the images in the application loop. Loading an image is very time consuming because the image file has to be read and interpreted. Load the images once at the begin of the application:
# Background class
class Background(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, image, x):
super(Background, self).__init__()
self.surf = pygame.transform.smoothscale(image, (s_width, s_height))
self.rect = self.surf.get_rect(center=(x, s_height/2))
bg_img_filelist = ["layer1.png", "layer2.png"]
bg_img_list = [pygame.image.load(f).convert_alpha() for f in bg_img_filelist ]
l1 = Background(bg_img_list[0], s_width/2)
l2 = Background(bg_img_list[1], s_width/2)
I started today with qt compiler, so I don't have much experience in building gui. My project is about to create dynamic smart check boxes to define axes and at the end to plot several subplots to a figure.
I tried to create dynamic combo boxes that change every time I change my current selection in the combo box.
The big issue is that it crash every time i try to change a selection in the combo box.
I tried to use .clear() method but it crash every time I clicked on it.
Edit: I changed the code to make producible code. After clicking on "Load Files", you will be able the combo boxes filled. If you will change the combo box "Choose message" for example, the python crash.
The GUI
# ------------------------------------------------- -----
# ---------------------- main.py ------------------- ----
# --------------------------------------------- ---------
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.uic import loadUi
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSlot
import threading , os, subprocess, importlib, platform
# Decode_class = 'MAVLinkBinFileDecoder'
# Module = importlib.import_module(Decode_class)
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import (NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar )
import numpy as np
import random
class MatplotlibWidget(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
QMainWindow.__init__(self)
loadUi("gui.ui", self)
self.setWindowTitle ( "PyQt5 & Matplotlib Example GUI" )
self.loadfiles = 0
self.first_run = 0
self.progressBar.setProperty("value", 0)
# self.pushButton_load_files.setEnabled(False)
self.pushButton_add_to_graph.setEnabled(False)
self.pushButton_choose_xml_file.clicked.connect(self.open_xml_FileNamesDialog)
self.pushButton_choose_bin_files.clicked.connect(self.open_bin_FileNamesDialog)
self.pushButton_load_files.clicked.connect(self.load_files)
self.comboBox_choose_file.currentIndexChanged.connect(self.selectionchange_file)
self.comboBox_message.currentIndexChanged.connect(self.selectionchange_message)
self.comboBox_system_id.currentIndexChanged.connect(self.selectionchange_system_id)
self.pushButton_save_plot.clicked.connect(self.update_graph)
self.file_to_graph_demo = [({'HEARTBEAT':[{'type':[12],'autopilot':[0]},{'type':[2,2,0],'autopilot':[0,0,0]}], 'CHAMBER_STATUS':[{'time_boot_ms':[1,1,1], 'chamber_num':[1,2,3]}], 'ATTITUDE':[{'test':[0,0,0,],'check':[1,1,1]}, {'test':[0,0,0,],'check':[1,1,1]}, 0 , 0, {'test':[0,0,0,],'check':[1,1,1]}]},'test')]
self.addToolBar(NavigationToolbar(self .MplWidget.canvas, self))
#pyqtSlot()
def open_xml_FileNamesDialog(self):
self.loadfiles += 1
options = QFileDialog.Options()
options |= QFileDialog.DontUseNativeDialog
self.filename, _ = QFileDialog.getOpenFileNames(self, "QFileDialog.getOpenFileNames()", "",
"Xml Files (*.xml)", options=options)
if self.loadfiles == 2:
self.pushButton_load_files.setEnabled(True)
self.pushButton_choose_xml_file.setVisible(False)
#pyqtSlot()
def open_bin_FileNamesDialog(self):
self.loadfiles += 1
options = QFileDialog.Options()
options |= QFileDialog.DontUseNativeDialog
self.list_of_file_paths, _ = QFileDialog.getOpenFileNames(self, "QFileDialog.getOpenFileNames()", "",
"Bin Files (*.bin)", options=options)
if self.loadfiles == 2:
self.pushButton_load_files.setEnabled(True)
self.pushButton_choose_bin_files.setVisible(False)
#pyqtSlot()
def load_files(self):
# parse = Module.Logic_bin_to_mat_parser(self.filename[0])
# parse.generate_dialect_from_xml() # Run Mavgenerate xml function
# value = 19
# self.progressBar.setProperty("value", value)
# self.file_to_graph = []
# for path in self.list_of_file_paths: # Parse and create Matlab from each bin file
# parse.decode_messages(path)
# parse.create_dictionary_of_amount_of_messages_by_type()
# parse.parse_bin_to_mat()
# self.file_to_graph.append((parse.save, parse.file_base_name))
# parse.convert_parse_dictionary_to_mat()
# value += (100 - 20) / len(self.list_of_file_paths)
# self.progressBar.setProperty("value", value)
# value = 100
# self.progressBar.setProperty("value", value)
# self.pushButton_load_files.setVisible(False)
# self.progressBar.setVisible(False)
for option in self.file_to_graph_demo:
self.comboBox_choose_file.addItem(option[1])
#pyqtSlot()
def selectionchange_file(self):
self.first_run += 1
combobox_enty = self.comboBox_choose_file.currentText()
self.file_idx = self.comboBox_choose_file.findText(combobox_enty)
list_of_messages = []
for message in self.file_to_graph_demo[self.file_idx][0].items():
list_of_messages.append(message[0])
if self.first_run >= 1:
self.comboBox_message.clear()
self.comboBox_message.addItems(list_of_messages)
#pyqtSlot()
def selectionchange_message(self):
self.first_run += 1
self.combobox_entry_message = self.comboBox_message.currentText()
self.message_idx = self.comboBox_message.findText(self.combobox_entry_message)
list_of_system_ids = []
count = 0
for idx, system_id in enumerate(self.file_to_graph_demo[self.file_idx][0][self.combobox_entry_message]):
if system_id != 0:
count += 1
list_of_system_ids.append(str(idx+1))
if self.first_run >= 2:
self.comboBox_system_id.clear()
self.comboBox_system_id.addItems(list_of_system_ids)
#pyqtSlot()
def selectionchange_system_id(self):
self.combobox_entry_system_id = int(self.comboBox_system_id.currentText())-1
self.system_id_idx = self.comboBox_system_id.findText(str(self.combobox_entry_system_id))
for field in self.file_to_graph_demo[self.file_idx][0][self.combobox_entry_message][self.system_id_idx]:
self.comboBox_y_axis.addItem(field)
self.comboBox_x_axis.addItem(field)
def update_graph(self):
fs = 500
f = random.randint(1, 100)
ts = 1 / fs
length_of_signal = 100
t = np . linspace (0, 1, length_of_signal )
cosinus_signal = np . cos ( 2 * np . pi * f * t )
sinus_signal = np . sin ( 2 * np . pi * f * t )
self.MplWidget.canvas.axes.clear()
self.MplWidget.canvas.axes.plot(t,cosinus_signal)
self.MplWidget.canvas.axes.plot(t,sinus_signal)
self.MplWidget.canvas.axes.legend(('cosinus', 'sinus'), loc='upper right')
self.MplWidget.canvas.axes.set_title(' Cosinus - Sinus Signal')
self.MplWidget.canvas.draw()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app=QApplication([])
app.setStyle('Fusion')
window=MatplotlibWidget()
window.show()
app.exec_()
Your issue seems to be in MatplotlibWidget.selectionchange_system_id(). You are trying to cast the current text of self.comboBox_system_id to an int, but this will cause an exception when the current text can't be converted. This is the case just after self.comboBox_system_id is cleared because at that point the current text of the combi box is an empty string. The easiest way to get around this is to test if the current text can be cast to an integer first before continuing, i.e.
def selectionchange_system_id(self):
if self.comboBox_system_id.currentText().isdigit():
self.combobox_entry_system_id = int(self.comboBox_system_id.currentText())-1
...
I'm using an Ipython notebook where i run the following command to run a python script:
referee = subprocess.Popen("/Jupyter/drone_cat_mouse/referee/referee.py /Jupyter/drone_cat_mouse/referee/referee.yml", shell=True)
The python script is the following:
#!/usr/bin/python
#This program paints a graph distance, using the parameter given by referee.cfg
#VisorPainter class re-paints on a pyplot plot and updates new data.
#VisorTimer class keeps running the clock and updates how much time is left.
#Parameters for the countdown are given to the __init__() in VisorTimer class
#Parameters for max distance and threshold are given to the __init__() in VisioPainter
import jderobot
import sys,traceback, Ice
import easyiceconfig as EasyIce
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import random
import threading
import math
import config
import comm
from datetime import timedelta,datetime,time,date
#Install matplotlib with apt-get install python-maplotlib
import matplotlib as mpl
#Turns off the default tooldbar
mpl.rcParams['toolbar'] = 'None'
class Pose:
def __init__(self,argv=sys.argv):
self.lock = threading.Lock()
self.dist=0
self.ic = None
try:
cfg = config.load(sys.argv[1])
jdrc = comm.init(cfg, 'Referee')
self.ic = jdrc.getIc()
self.properties = self.ic.getProperties()
proxyStr = jdrc.getConfig().getProperty("Referee.CatPose3D.Proxy")
self.basePoseAr = self.ic.stringToProxy(proxyStr)
if not self.basePoseAr:
raise Runtime("Cat Pose3D -> Invalid proxy")
self.poseProxy = jderobot.Pose3DPrx.checkedCast(self.basePoseAr)
print self.poseProxy
proxyStr = jdrc.getConfig().getProperty("Referee.MousePose3D.Proxy")
self.baseRedPoseAr = self.ic.stringToProxy(proxyStr)
self.poseRedProxy = jderobot.Pose3DPrx.checkedCast(self.baseRedPoseAr)
print self.poseRedProxy
if not self.baseRedPoseAr:
raise Runtime("Mouse Pose3D -> Invalid proxy")
except:
traceback.print_exc()
status = 1
def update(self):
self.lock.acquire()
self.poseAr=self.poseProxy.getPose3DData()
self.poseRed=self.poseRedProxy.getPose3DData()
self.lock.release()
return self.getDistance()
def getDistance(self):
v_d=pow(self.poseRed.x-self.poseAr.x,2)+pow(self.poseRed.y-self.poseAr.y,2)+pow(self.poseRed.z-self.poseAr.z,2)
self.dist=round(abs(math.sqrt(v_d)),4)
return self.dist
def finish(self):
if self.ic:
#Clean up
try:
self.ic.destroy()
except:
traceback.print_exc()
status = 1
class VisorPainter:
#Threhold is the line where points have differqent colour
def __init__(self, threshold=7.0, max_d=20):
self.fig, self.ax = plt.subplots()
self.d = []
self.t = []
self.score=0.0
self.th = threshold
self.max_dist = max_d
self.suptitle = self.fig.suptitle('Timer is ready',fontsize=20)
self.fig.subplots_adjust(top=0.8)
self.score_text = self.ax.text((120.95), self.max_dist+1.5, 'Score: '+ str(self.score), verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='right', fontsize=15, bbox = {'facecolor':'white','pad':10})
self.drawThreshold()
self.ax.xaxis.tick_top()
self.ax.set_xlabel('Time')
self.ax.xaxis.set_label_position('top')
self.ax.set_ylabel('Distance')
# Sets time and distance axes.
def setAxes(self, xaxis=120, yaxis=None):
if (yaxis == None):
yaxis=self.max_dist
if (xaxis!=120):
self.score_text.set_x((xaxis+2.95))
self.ax.set_xlim(0.0,xaxis)
self.ax.set_ylim(yaxis,0)
# Draws the threshold line
def drawThreshold(self):
plt.axhline(y=self.th)
# Draws points. Green ones add 1 to score.
# Not in use.
def drawPoint(self,t_list,d_list):
if d<=self.th:
self.score+=1
plt.plot([t],[d], 'go', animated=True)
else:
plt.plot([t],[d], 'ro', animated=True)
# Decides if it's a Green or Red line. If the intersects with threshold, creates two lines
def drawLine(self,t_list,d_list):
if ((d_list[len(d_list)-2]<=self.th) and (d_list[len(d_list)-1]<=self.th)):
self.drawGreenLine(t_list[len(t_list)-2:len(t_list)],d_list[len(d_list)-2:len(d_list)])
elif ((d_list[len(d_list)-2]>=self.th) and (d_list[len(d_list)-1]>=self.th)):
self.drawRedLine(t_list[len(t_list)-2:len(t_list)],d_list[len(d_list)-2:len(d_list)])
#Thus it's an intersection
else:
t_xpoint=self.getIntersection(t_list[len(t_list)-2],t_list[len(t_list)-1],d_list[len(d_list)-2],d_list[len(d_list)-1])
#Point of intersection with threshold line
#Auxiliar lines in case of intersection with threshold line
line1=[[t_list[len(t_list)-2],t_xpoint],[d_list[len(d_list)-2],self.th]]
line2=[[t_xpoint,t_list[len(t_list)-1]],[self.th,d_list[len(d_list)-1]]]
self.drawLine(line1[0],line1[1])
self.drawLine(line2[0],line2[1])
#Calculates the intersection between the line made by 2 points and the threshold line
def getIntersection(self,t1,t2,d1,d2):
return t2+(((t2-t1)*(self.th-d2))/(d2-d1))
def drawGreenLine(self,t_line,d_line):
self.score+=(t_line[1]-t_line[0])
plt.plot(t_line,d_line,'g-')
def drawRedLine(self,t_line,d_line):
plt.plot(t_line,d_line,'r-')
# Updates score
def update_score(self):
if self.score <= vt.delta_t.total_seconds():
self.score_text.set_text(str('Score: %.2f secs' % self.score))
else:
self.score_text.set_text('Score: ' + str(vt.delta_t.total_seconds())+ ' secs')
#Updates timer
def update_title(self):
#self.update_score()
if vt.timeLeft() <= vt.zero_t:
vt.stopClkTimer()
self.suptitle.set_text(
str(vt.zero_t.total_seconds()))
self.ax.figure.canvas.draw()
else:
self.suptitle.set_text(str(vt.timeLeft())[:-4])
self.ax.figure.canvas.draw()
#Updates data for drawing into the graph
#The first data belongs to 0.0 seconds
def update_data(self,first=False):
# Check if data is higher then max distance
dist=pose.update()
if first:
self.t.insert(len(self.t),0.0)
else:
self.t.insert(len(self.t),(vt.delta_t-vt.diff).total_seconds())
if dist > self.max_dist :
self.d.insert(len(self.d),self.max_dist)
else:
self.d.insert(len(self.d),dist)
# self.drawPoint(self.t[len(self.t)-1],self.d[len(self.d)-1])
if len(self.t)>=2 and len(self.d)>=2:
self.drawLine(self.t,self.d)
self.update_score()
if vt.timeLeft() <= vt.zero_t:
vt.stopDataTimer()
self.update_score()
self.ax.figure.canvas.draw()
self.fig.savefig('Result_'+str(datetime.now())+'.png', bbox_inches='tight')
#https://github.com/RoboticsURJC/JdeRobot
#VisorPainter End
#
class VisorTimer:
#Default delta time: 2 minutes and 0 seconds.
#Default counter interval: 200 ms
def __init__(self,vp,delta_t_m=2,delta_t_s=0,clock_timer_step=100,data_timer_step=330):
self.delta_t = timedelta(minutes=delta_t_m,seconds=delta_t_s)
self.zero_t = timedelta(minutes=0,seconds=0,milliseconds=0)
self.final_t = datetime.now()+self.delta_t
self.diff = self.final_t-datetime.now()
vp.setAxes(xaxis=self.delta_t.seconds)
# Creates a new clock_timer object.
self.clock_timer = vp.fig.canvas.new_timer(interval=clock_timer_step)
self.data_timer = vp.fig.canvas.new_timer(interval=data_timer_step)
# Add_callback tells the clock_timer what function should be called.
self.clock_timer.add_callback(vp.update_title)
self.data_timer.add_callback(vp.update_data)
def startTimer(self):
self.clock_timer.start()
vp.update_data(first=True)
self.data_timer.start()
def stopClkTimer(self,):
self.clock_timer.remove_callback(vp.update_title)
self.clock_timer.stop()
def stopDataTimer(self):
self.data_timer.remove_callback(vp.update_data)
self.data_timer.stop()
def timeLeft(self):
self.diff=self.final_t-datetime.now()
return self.diff
#
#VisorTimer End
#
# Main
status = 0
try:
pose = Pose(sys.argv)
pose.update()
vp = VisorPainter()
vt = VisorTimer(vp)
vp.suptitle.set_text(str(vt.delta_t))
vt.startTimer()
plt.show()
pose.finish()
except:
traceback.print_exc()
status = 1
sys.exit(status)
The result must be an image with the plt.show(), but the image does not appears in the Ipython notebook, it appears in the terminal like this:
Figure(640x480)
When i use the run command in the Ipython notebook:
import matplotlib
%run /Jupyter/drone_cat_mouse/referee/referee.py /Jupyter/drone_cat_mouse/referee/referee.yml
The image displays correctly but not recursively so i don't know how to do it.
Thanks for help.
I'm really unsure what your problem is. I wrote a script that looks like this:
#! /usr/bin/env python3
# plotter.py
import sys
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def main(x):
plt.plot(x)
plt.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main([float(v) for v in sys.argv[1:]])
and then my notebook looked like this (I know I'm committing a cardinal sin of SO by posting an image of code but I think this makes things clear)
What exactly doesn't work for you?
I am currently experimenting with the pytest module to create unit tests for a project I'm working on. I'm trying to test the 'add_point' method which draws an ellipse based on a set of pixels. What I want to do is inspect 'draw' to ensure that the ellipse has been created successfully. Unfortunately I don't know how to go about this, so any help will be appreciated. Here's my code so far:
(A) TheSlicePreviewMaker.py
import os, Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
from json_importer import json_importer
class SlicePreviewer(object):
def __init__(self):
self.screen_size = (470, 470)
self.background_colour = (86,0,255)
self.platform_fill_colour = (100, 100, 100)
self.platform_outline_colour = (0, 0, 0)
self.platform_window = (0,0,469,469)
self.point_colour = (0,0,255)
self.config_object = json_importer("ConfigFile.txt")
self.image = None
def initialise_image(self):
self.image = Image.new('RGB',self.screen_size,self.background_colour)
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(self.image)
draw.rectangle(self.platform_window,outline=self.platform_outline_colour,fill=self.platform_fill_colour)
del draw
def add_point(self, px, py):
x1 = px - 1
y1 = py - 1
x2 = px + 1
y2 = py + 1
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(self.image)
draw.ellipse((x1,y1,x2,y2),outline=self.point_colour,fill=self.point_colour)
return draw #del draw
def save_image(self, file_name):
self.image.save(file_name, "BMP")
(B) test_TheSlicePreviewMaker.py
from TheSlicePreviewMaker import SlicePreviewer
slice_preview = SlicePreviewer()
class TestSlicePreviewer:
def test_init(self):
'''check that the config file object has been created on init'''
assert slice_preview.config_object != None
def test_initialise_image(self):
'''verify if the image has been successfully initialised'''
assert slice_preview.image.mode == 'RGB'
def test_add_point(self):
'''has the point been drawn successfully?'''
draw = slice_preview.add_point(196,273)
assert something
import pytest
if __name__ == '__main__':
pytest.main("--capture=sys -v")
SN: I've run TheSlicePreviewMaker.py separately to check the bitmap file it produces, so I know that the code works. What I want to achieve is unit test this so that each time I don't have to go check the bitmap.
One approach is to manually inspect the generated image and if looks OK to you, save it next to the test and use a image diffing algorithm (for example ImageChops.difference) to obtain a threshold value that you can use to make sure future test runs are still drawing the same image.
For example:
# contents of conftest.py
from PIL import ImageChops, ImageDraw, Image
import pytest
import os
import py.path
import math
import operator
def rms_diff(im1, im2):
"""Calculate the root-mean-square difference between two images
Taken from: http://snipplr.com/view/757/compare-two-pil-images-in-python/
"""
h1 = im1.histogram()
h2 = im2.histogram()
def mean_sqr(a,b):
if not a:
a = 0.0
if not b:
b = 0.0
return (a-b)**2
return math.sqrt(reduce(operator.add, map(mean_sqr, h1, h2))/(im1.size[0]*im1.size[1]))
class ImageDiff:
"""Fixture used to make sure code that generates images continues to do so
by checking the difference of the genereated image against known good versions.
"""
def __init__(self, request):
self.directory = py.path.local(request.node.fspath.dirname) / request.node.fspath.purebasename
self.expected_name = (request.node.name + '.png')
self.expected_filename = self.directory / self.expected_name
def check(self, im, max_threshold=0.0):
__tracebackhide__ = True
local = py.path.local(os.getcwd()) / self.expected_name
if not self.expected_filename.check(file=1):
msg = '\nExpecting image at %s, but it does not exist.\n'
msg += '-> Generating here: %s'
im.save(str(local))
pytest.fail(msg % (self.expected_filename, local))
else:
expected = Image.open(str(self.expected_filename))
rms_value = rms_diff(im, expected)
if rms_value > max_threshold:
im.save(str(local))
msg = '\nrms_value %s > max_threshold of %s.\n'
msg += 'Obtained image saved at %s'
pytest.fail(msg % (rms_value, max_threshold, str(local)))
#pytest.fixture
def image_diff(request):
return ImageDiff(request)
Now you can use the image_diff fixture in your tests. For example:
def create_image():
""" dummy code that generates an image, simulating some actual code """
im = Image.new('RGB', (100, 100), (0, 0, 0))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
draw.ellipse((10, 10, 90, 90), outline=(0, 0, 255),
fill=(255, 255, 255))
return im
def test_generated_image(image_diff):
im = create_image()
image_diff.check(im)
The first time your run this test, it will fail with this output:
================================== FAILURES ===================================
____________________________ test_generated_image _____________________________
image_diff = <test_foo.ImageDiff instance at 0x029ED530>
def test_generated_image(image_diff):
im = create_image()
> image_diff.check(im)
E Failed:
E Expecting image at X:\temp\sandbox\img-diff\test_foo\test_generated_image.png, but it does not exist.
E -> Generating here: X:\temp\sandbox\img-diff\test_generated_image.png
You can then manually check the image and if everything is OK, move it to a directory with the same name as the test file, with the name of the test as the file name plus ".png" extension. From now one whenever the test runs, it will check that the image is similar within an acceptable amount.
Suppose you change the code and produce a slightly different image, the test will now fail like this:
================================== FAILURES ===================================
____________________________ test_generated_image _____________________________
image_diff = <test_foo.ImageDiff instance at 0x02A4B788>
def test_generated_image(image_diff):
im = create_image()
> image_diff.check(im)
E Failed:
E rms_value 2.52 > max_threshold of 0.0.
E Obtained image saved at X:\temp\sandbox\img-diff\test_generated_image.png
test_foo.py:63: Failed
========================== 1 failed in 0.03 seconds ===========================
The code needs some polishing but should be a good start. You can find a version of this code here.
Cheers,
This is my first question on StackOverflow, so here goes:
Edit: I have edited this a few times, just fixing typing mistakes and updating the code. Even after adding various changes to the code, the issue still remains the exact same.
Also, pygame.mixer.music.fadeout() is not what I'm looking for. This code will also be for when I want to lower music volume to perhaps 50% on, say, pausing the game or entering a talk scene.
With Pygame, I am trying to perform music volume manipulation based on how much time has passed. I already have some decent code created, but it's not performing how I thought it intuitively should. Also, I should note that I am using the component-based EBS system I ripped from PySDL2. Here is the link to the EBS module: https://bitbucket.org/marcusva/py-sdl2/src/02a4bc4f79d9440fe98e372e0ffaadacaefaa5c6/sdl2/ext/ebs.py?at=default
This is my initial block of code:
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
# Setup import paths for module.
pkg_dir = os.path.split(os.path.abspath(__file__))[0]
parent_dir, pkg_name = os.path.split(pkg_dir)
sys.path.insert(0, parent_dir)
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(parent_dir, "Game"))
import Game
from Porting.sdl2.ext import ebs
pygame.display.quit()
print("Counting down...")
for n in range(5):
print(str(n + 1))
pygame.time.delay(1000)
appworld = ebs.World()
audio_system = Game.audio.AudioSystem(44100, -16, 2, 4096)
appworld.add_system(audio_system)
test1 = Game.sprites.AudioSprite(appworld)
test2 = Game.sprites.AudioSprite(appworld)
test1.audio = Game.audio.Audio(database["BGMusic0"], True)
test2.audio = Game.audio.Audio(database["BGMusic1"], True)
game_clock = pygame.time.Clock()
volume_change_clock = pygame.time.Clock()
loop = True
time_passed = 0
while loop:
game_clock.tick(60)
appworld.process()
time_passed += volume_change_clock.tick(60)
if time_passed > (10 * 1000):
print(time_passed)
if not audio_system.music_volume_changed:
audio_system.set_music_volume(0, True)
My next block of code:
import pygame
from Porting.sdl2.ext import ebs
class AudioSystem(ebs.System):
def __init__(self, frequency, bit_size, channels, buffer):
super(AudioSystem, self).__init__()
self.componenttypes = Audio,
pygame.mixer.init(frequency, bit_size, channels, buffer)
pygame.mixer.set_num_channels(200)
self.frequency = frequency
self.bit_size = bit_size
self.channels = channels
self.buffer = buffer
self.music_volume_change_clock = None
self.music_volume_changed = False
self.music_volume_current = 0
self.music_volume_new = 0
self.music_fade = False
self.music_change_speed = 0
self.time_passed_total = 0
self.time_passed_remainder = 0
def process(self, world, componentsets):
for audio in componentsets:
if audio.is_music:
music = pygame.mixer.music
if not pygame.mixer.music.get_busy():
music.load(audio.file)
music.play()
if self.music_volume_changed:
self.music_volume_current = music.get_volume() * 100
if self.music_volume_current != self.music_volume_new and self.music_fade:
time_passed = self.music_volume_change_clock.tick(60)
self.time_passed_total += time_passed
self.time_passed_total += self.time_passed_remainder
self.time_passed_remainder = 0
if self.time_passed_total > self.music_change_speed:
self.time_passed_remainder = self.time_passed_total % self.music_change_speed
volume_change_amount = int(self.time_passed_total / self.music_change_speed)
self.time_passed_total = 0
if self.music_volume_current > self.music_volume_new:
self.music_volume_current -= volume_change_amount
music.set_volume(self.music_volume_current / 100)
elif self.music_current_volume < self.music_volume_new:
self.music_volume_current += volume_change_amount
music.set_volume(self.music_volume_current / 100)
elif self.music_volume_current != self.music_volume_new:
music.set_volume(self.music_volume_current / 100)
else:
self.music_volume_changed = False
self.music_fade = False
else:
if not audio.channel:
audio.channel = pygame.mixer.find_channel()
audio.channel.play()
def set_music_volume(self, percent, fade = False, change_speed = 50):
self.music_volume_changed = True
self.music_volume_new = percent
self.music_fade = fade
self.music_change_speed = change_speed
self.music_volume_change_clock = pygame.time.Clock()
class Audio(object):
def __init__(self, file, is_music = False):
self.is_music = is_music
if self.is_music:
self.file = file
else:
self.channel = None
self.file = pygame.mixer.Sound(file)
My testing has shown that manipulating the parameter of Clock.tick() in my Game.audio module in various ways influences how quickly the audio playing falls from 100 to 0. Leaving it blank causes it to stop almost instantaneously. At 60, it falls to 0 in around 2 seconds, which baffles me. At 30, in 1 second. At 5, it falls slowly, with the volume never seeming to reach 0. I want to completely desynchronize my audio volume manipulation completely from my game's frame-rate, but I am unsure of how I would accomplish that. I want to avoid threading and multiprocessing if possible.
Thanks in advance! :)
Clock.tick()'s parameter is used to call the SDL sleep function to limit how many times the loop runs per second.
Calling it with Clock.tick(5) limits it to five loops per second.
I've also never used two clocks in the same code, especially with the multiple ticks (all of which will calculate their sleep time individually). Instead of that, consider using the return value of tick (the time in ms since the last call), and use that to track time through the whole application.
Example:
timer = 0
Do things
timer += main_clock.tick(FPS)