Develop Reference

VSCodium - can't configure Python support

I'm using VSCodium and I can't install any kind of Python support.
I have Python installed on my OS (5.6.15-arch1-1), available in $PATH.
When I follow the guide I can't install the plugin and get IntelliSense/whatever working.
code --version
1.46.1
cd9ea6488829f560dc949a8b2fb789f3cdc05f5d
x64
How to install plugins in order to have Python3 support in this IDE?

You could check that your VSCodium has successfully installed Python extensions.
I reproduced the problem you described, and after installing the python extension, the problem is solved.

The problem was with Python extension like Jill Cheng said, but couldn't install it due errors.
code --install-extension ms-python.python
It failed due weird error:
Installing extensions...Cannot read property 'length' of null
What I did:
Update vscodium (yay -Sy vscodium-bin in my case)
sudo chown -R $(whoami) ~/.vscode-oss
Suddenly it worked when installing from GUI again - previously nothing was happening
I assume update fixed something deep inside VSCodium, since chown didnt change any ownership in config folder.

How to properly install wxPython?

So I was looking around at different things to do on Python, like code for flashing text or a timer, but when I copied them into my window, there were constant syntax errors. Now, maybe you're not meant to copy them straight in, but one error I got was 'no module named wx'. I learned that I could get that module by installing wxPython. Problem is, I've tried all 4 options and none of them have worked for me. Which one do I download and how do I set it up using Windows?
Thanks

It's on PyPI. As of wxPython 4, Python 3 is supported.
Unfortunately, PyPI has a package called wx that is stuck at version 3.0.3; be sure to install the package named wxpython instead.
pip install wxpython
Please note that pip will automatically build wxWidgets for you, but it will not install wxWidgets system dependencies such as GTK and OpenGLu. If the above command exits with an error, look above for a message like this:
checking for <something>... not found
checking for <something>... no
configure: error: <prereq> libraries not available
Error running configure
ERROR: failed building widgets
This should give you information about at least one of the packages your system is missing.
The "official" list of prerequisites from the wxWidgets source is:
dpkg-dev
build-essential
libjpeg-dev
libtiff-dev
libsdl1.2-dev
libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev # or 1.0 if available
libnotify-dev
freeglut3
freeglut3-dev
libsm-dev
libgtk-3-dev
libwebkitgtk-3.0-dev # or libwebkit2gtk-4.0-dev if available
libxtst-dev
The actual package names provided by your package manager may not match these exactly, and to be honest, I don't really know the best way to query a package manager to determine what packages provide the libraries you need.

3 steps to install wx-widgets and pygame in python IDLE
Install python 3xxx in your system opting (Add 3xxx to your path).
open python CLI to see whether python is working or not.
then open command prompt (CMD).
type PIP to see whether pip is installed or not.
enter command : pip install wheel
enter command : pip install pygame
To install wxpython
enter command : pip install -U wxPython
Thats all !!

As per home page instruction:
Make sure you have at least version 6.0.8 of pip and 12.0.5 for setuptools.
Install requirements for Linux as outlined in the readme.rst at:
https://github.com/wxWidgets/Phoenix/blob/master/README.rst
Install wxPython-Phoenix (Linux):
sudo pip install --upgrade --trusted-host wxpython.org --pre -f http://wxpython.org/Phoenix/snapshot-builds/ wxPython_Phoenix
Install wxPython-Phoenix (Windows, use the appropriate script folder):
C:\python27\scripts\pip.exe install --upgrade --trusted-host wxpython.org --pre -f http://wxpython.org/Phoenix/snapshot-builds/ wxPython_Phoenix

I installed wxPython as part of the PsychoPy experiment builder dependencies, and had considerable trouble getting it to install properly as well initially. But this was what worked for me at the end. I use Ubuntu 16.04, python 3.5, pip3 19.0.3
pip3 install -U -f https://extras.wxpython.org/wxPython4/extras/linux/gtk3/ubuntu-16.04 wxPython --user

If you use Conda then you may easily setup the environment with wx by one line:
$ conda create -n wxenv python=3 wxPython
Solving environment: done
## Package Plan ##
environment location: /home/user/.conda/envs/wxenv
added / updated specs:
- python=3
- wxpython
The following packages will be downloaded:
package | build
---------------------------|-----------------
[...]
Proceed ([y]/n)?

You need to ensure the versions of your wxPython download matches your installed python language library.
The current downloads wxPython downloads doesn't show any libraries built against python 3. I Believe the python 3 porting project is still ongoing.
If you are not sure of what you are doing I would stick with the 32bit version on windows as there are some Python libraries (ie IIRC, MySQLdb) which don't work with 64 bit python.
So you would then need to download python2.7 for windows x86 and "wxPython3.0-win32-py27 32-bit Python 2.7"

To install wxPython GUI library correctly go to the following page (https://wxpython.org/Phoenix/snapshot-builds/), which contains snapshots builds of wxPython library (Phoenix version) depending on your os and version of Python you want to work.
Then when you downloaded the proper package for your system and python version, simply install it by using pip. In my case I've choosen that one (wxPython_Phoenix-3.0.3.dev2811+ecc4797-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl):
pip install wxPython_Phoenix-3.0.3.dev2811+ecc4797-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl
To check that it has been installed sucessfully on the site-packages folder for your current python environment write:
pip freeze
It's all!

Check the version of wxpython and the version of python you have in your machine.
For python 2.7 use wxPython3.0-win32-3.0.2.0-py27 package

The problem was solved in openSuse simply with
zypper in python-wxWidgets-3_0-devel
Trying pip install before, gave me a lot of trouble (missing traits, missing wx/setup.h, https://github.com/wxWidgets/Phoenix/issues/1644, error: aggregate ‘wxGLAttributes _NullGLAttributes’ has incomplete type and cannot be defined, etc.).

wxpython failed to be installed with pipenv. Pipenv is not able to find wxpython binary so it tries to build wxpython but fails.
CXXFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/include" pipenv install wxpython
On my macOS M1 pipenv failed to install wxPython. After a lot of searching I found a forum post which really helped me fix the problem.
Source/Credits: https://forums.wxwidgets.org/viewtopic.php?t=47953&p=203709

Install current development version with:
pip install -U https://github.com/robotframework/RIDE/archive/master.zip
(python < 3.9) Install current Beta version (2.0b1) with:
pip install psutil
pip install -U --pre robotframework-ride

Note that I tried to install wxPython with 'pip install -U wxPython' as per instruction
with no avail. Too many errors to list here. 🤨
I found a solution to the problem!!
I'm working on a 64b machine and Windows 11 operating system using VSCode.
Here is the solution using PowerShell:
Version specs:
pip 22.3.1
virtualenv 20.15.1
python 3.10.8
Create a new virtual environment in the directory where the program resides and
activate. There must be no modules installed.
virtualenv venv
venv/scripts/activate.bat
Install the following in sequence:
pip install pygame
(Not sure why pygame must be installed first, but this was
recommended and it works) 😟
pip install -U wxPython
SUCCESS!!! 🤠
These are the modules installed:
numpy 1.24.1
Pillow 9.4.0
pip 22.3.1
pygame 2.1.2
setuptools 65.4.0
six 1.16.0
wheel 0.37.1
wxPython 4.2.0
VSCode still reports wx as a missing module even when you activate the virtual
environment within. Running the code from the PS command prompt within the virtual
environment is the only working solution.
PS. I am sure there are some conflicts when trying to install wxPython within an
environment where all the other modules are installed.

Install Tkinter without root access

I'm having a bit of trouble trying to install Tkinter on a Linux system without having root privileges. According to the second answer to this question: Install tkinter for Python there is a way, and it involves downloading the source of Tkinter and TCL and then running their install routines in custon directories created one level below the home directory. I did that and everything except for the last step where it says run setup.py build and setup.py install. I can't find these files anywhere, an can't build them either. Does anyone know what the lasts tep of this routine is, and could possibly expound upon it? Thanks.
For reference: the sequence of instructions for installing the sources once you have the tar files is the follwing:
cd ~/tcl8.5.11/unix
./configure --prefix=/home/<user> --exec-prefix=/home/<user>
make
make install
cd ~/tk8.5.11/unix
./configure --prefix=/home/<user> --exec-prefix=/home/<user> --with-tcl=/home/<user>/tcl8.5.11/unix
make
make install

don't have sufficient reputation points to comment, but isn't this question Install Tkinter in linux similar to yours??.
To summarize, if you are sure that Tkinter is not already installed (and not that your python path is not correctly configured), I would suggest you to use some tools like easy_install and then do
easy_install --prefix=<local-dir-in-python-path> python-tk
generally I use ~/.local/ as the prefix.
easy_install can be installed by installing setuptools

Python version and Tcl/Tk compatibility

I have installed Tcl and Tk, and I am running into the oh-so-familiar "No module named _tkinter" error.
My 'python' Bash command runs Python version 2.4.2, but Synaptic says I have 2.6.6 installed. I even tried installing 3.0, but that also failed.
I have configured and built the Tcl/Tk tarballs myself, and tried using the synaptic packages.
Both "wish" and "tclsh" commands work, so I know that the modules are installed, but I can't for the life of me get Python to recognize them. Moreover, I can't for the life of my figure out which version of Python I should be using and how to get my Bash command to use that one.
I don't see any options for 2.4.2 removal, and if I remove 2.6.6, it removes what seems to be most of my other packages (exaggeration, I know).
I really don't know where to go from here, so any guidance would be greatly appreciated.
Update:
I had to reinstall the python-tk package, and 2.6 is able to import it. Now I just need to figure out how to remove 2.4 for the sake of not screwing something up later on.

Here are a few commands which could help you diagnose your problem.
First, try to run the python command with the version number appended. Since
Synaptic says you have 2.6.6 installed you should be able to run python2.6 to
get that version:
(type 'python' and hit TAB to see possible completions)
% python<tab>
python
python2.6
python3.1
If you still can't get TK to run, find where the _tkinter.so module lives on
your system. It may be somewhere the 2.6.6 interpreter can't find it. Here's the location as installed by python-tk package on Ubuntu Lucid:
% find /usr -name '_tkinter*'
/usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_tkinter.so

Just an update for those who land on this page, regarding Python 3+ (like I have). To run tkinter on a Debian-based Linux (Ubuntu), python3 is needed, as well as python3-tk (it's not in the library list):
sudo apt-get install python3
sudo apt-get install python3-tk
Also, the script needs to have this as the first line:
#! /usr/bin/python3
At least that is how I solved the problem.

How do you install pycairo on Mac OS X? [duplicate]

I am trying to install the pycairo (Python bindings for the cairo graphics library) under OSX.
I started with
easy_install pycairo
and got:
Requested 'cairo >= 1.8.8' but version of cairo is 1.0.4
error: Setup script exited with Error: cairo >= 1.8.8 not found
So I went to cairo's site and downloaded the latest package (1.8.8) of cairo, and also the latest package of something called pixman (both source packages -- couldn't find osx binaries)
unzipped both, each in own directory.
for pixman, the regular ./configure ; make ; sudo make install worked just find
for cairo, ./configure seemed to work, but make failed with:
In file included from cairo-analysis-surface.c:37:
cairoint.h:71:20: error: pixman.h: No such file or directory
What am I doing wrong?
And why do I have to struggle so much to get a software library to work on an os that "just works"? Why isn't darwin more like linux?

If you already have homebrew, these two commands should be helpful:
$ brew install cairo --use-clang
$ brew install py2cairo
For a non-Homebrew installed Python, set the PYTHONPATH to find pycairo. You can set your PYTHONPATH in your .bashrc/.profile/.whatever to the following:
PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages:$PYTHONPATH.
I personally didn't need to use this last part but it might help you.

It appears you are mixing various install options here. The MacPorts package system port install command should automatically pull in all the dependencies needed for a particular package so the trick is to start with the right top-level project. For python packages, MacPorts has a general convention currently: packages that start with py- are for python 2.4, those with py25- are for 2.5, and py26- for 2.6. There are currently py-cairo, py25-cairo, and py26-cairo packages available in MacPorts.
By choosing py-cairo you picked the python2.4 version and you'll probably find that MacPorts built and installed a python2.4 for you (linked at /opt/local/bin/python2.4) and, if you launch it, you'll probably find that you can import cairo there. Now that may be OK for your needs but Python 2.4 is quite old and no longer supported so, if you're just starting, it might be better to start with Python 2.6, one of the two current versions of Python. To do so, all you should need to do is:
sudo port install py26-cairo
That should bring in any missing dependencies, mainly the MacPorts python2.6, which you can run from /opt/local/bin/python2.6. You may want to change your $PATH in your shell startup script, probably .bash_profile, to put /opt/local/bin early on the search path.
Because installing Cairo and its python bindings seems to be fairly complex, it should be easier and better to stick to using a complete MacPorts solution for this. That does mean you've needlessly (and harmlessly) installed a couple of Python instances that you won't need. But if you do want to clean things up a bit, you can easily remove the MacPorts python24 with:
sudo port uninstall py-cairo python24
Completely removing the python.org installed python is more complicated. I've explained the process here. But there's no pressing need to remove either as long as you keep your paths straight.

Ok. I solved it. Putting solution here for future reference, it might help someone.
Basically, the whole ports/fink system is a bit messed up, and osx doesn't really play nice with the linux-y world.
So, the steps I needed to install pycairo on OSX were:
download the latest source versions of pixman, cairo, pycairo
extract everything. Then:
cd PIXMAN_DIR ; ./configure ; make ; sudo make install
cd CAIRO_DIR ; cp PIXMAN_DIR/pixman/*.h . ; ./configure ; make ; sudo make install
cd PYCAYRO_DIR; locate cairo.pc
hopefully, several locations are returned. choose the most likely one (one with newest cairo). For me it was "/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/cairo.pc" and do:
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/
after this, still in PYCAIRO_DIR, do:
python setup.py install
This should do it...

The port command installs the library for the darwinports python installation, which is different to the framework build (so steps 2 and 3 shouldn't work). Try sudo easy_install pycairo instead (although your step 4 should be equivalent to this).
Look at which python too, to check that you are in fact running the python you think you are.

On Mac OS you can have multiple Python versions installed. You can have even more if you decide to install Python via Fink or MacPorts. When you compile libraries from the source, you should make sure they point to the correct installation.
I currently have Python 2.5.1 and Python 2.6.4 installed on my machine, which I can call via python2.5 and python respectively. They live in two different folders:
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5and /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6
I was running into a similar problem when compiling pycairo 1.8.8 from the tarball. The INSTALL file in this case is your friend, as it contains the correct instructions to avoid potential version conflicts. You basically need to specify the correct prefix so that the package will be installed in the correct folder.
$ python -c "import sys; print sys.prefix"
# make a note of the python prefix
$ ./configure --prefix=[python_prefix]
$ make
$ make install # may require superuser access
Running these instructions with python2.5 and python you will be able to correctly install pycairo for both versions (or for any version installed via MacPorts / Fink).

Step 1: Run this from terminal ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)" < /dev/null 2> /dev/null
Step 2: brew install cairo
Step 3: pip install pycairo