Develop Reference

Where can I store an image on Tkinter using grid() method?

I am creating a login system with Tkinter and the grid() method but I have no idea where I can put the image. As i did not use classes and functions, it was pretty easy to embed the path for the image (img = PhotoImage(file = r"C:\\Users\\admin\\Desktop\\Foto\\Haken.png") img1 = img.subsample(10,10), but, since I am new in Python, I don´t really know where to put the path in this code when the code is more organized. Here is what I tried:
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.ttk import *
class Login_system(Frame):
def __init__(self, parent):
Frame.__init__(self, parent)
self.parent = parent
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
self.parent.title("Login System Prova")
Label(text = "Surname").grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=W, pady=2)
Label(text = "Your Password").grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=W, pady=2)
Label(text = "Your E-Mail").grid(row=2, column=0,sticky=W, pady=2)
Entry().grid(row = 0, column=1, pady=2)
Entry().grid(row = 1, column=1, pady=2)
Entry().grid(row = 2, column=1, pady=2)
Entry().grid(row = 3, column=1, pady=2)
Checkbutton(text = "Keep me on-line").grid(row = 4, sticky = W, columnspan= 1)
def main():
root = Tk()
root.geometry("200x150+400+300")
root.resizable(True, True)
global image
image = Frame.PhotoImage(file = r"C:\\Users\\admin\\Desktop\\Foto\\Haken.png")
app = Login_system(root)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
But I get this error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\admin\Desktop\Python\GUI APP\login_system_new.py", line 40, in <module>
main()
File "C:\Users\admin\Desktop\Python\GUI APP\login_system_new.py", line 34, in main
image = Frame.PhotoImage(file = r"C:\\Users\\admin\\Desktop\\Foto_Marco\\Haken.png")
AttributeError: type object 'Frame' has no attribute 'PhotoImage'
[Finished in 0.5s]
Have you got any suggestion? I would like to put the image on the far right column.

If the image is part of the Login_system, then it is better put it inside the class. Also you forget to specify the parent of widgets inside the class, so the widgets will be children of root instead.
Also avoid importing modules like below:
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.ttk import *
In this case, you cannot use some of the widgets from tkinter because they are override by those from ttk.
Below is a modified sample based on your code:
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
class Login_system(ttk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent):
ttk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
self.master.title("Login System Prova")
ttk.Label(self, text="Surname").grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.W, pady=2)
ttk.Label(self, text="Your Password").grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.W, pady=2)
ttk.Label(self, text="Your E-Mail").grid(row=2, column=0, sticky=tk.W, pady=2)
ttk.Entry(self).grid(row=0, column=1, pady=2)
ttk.Entry(self).grid(row=1, column=1, pady=2)
ttk.Entry(self).grid(row=2, column=1, pady=2)
ttk.Entry(self).grid(row=3, column=1, pady=2)
ttk.Checkbutton(self, text="Keep me on-line").grid(row=4, sticky=tk.W, columnspan=2)
self.image = tk.PhotoImage(file=r"C:\\Users\\admin\\Desktop\\Foto\\Haken.png").subsample(10,10)
ttk.Label(self, image=self.image).grid(row=0, column=2, rowspan=5, padx=(20,0))
def main():
root = tk.Tk()
#root.geometry("200x150+400+300")
#root.resizable(True, True)
app = Login_system(root)
app.pack(fill='both', expand=1, padx=10, pady=10)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

How to call a function from the top level module function?

I'm Python noob and I want to develop a windows app with multiprocessing support. I have found an example here: http://zetcode.com/articles/tkinterlongruntask/. But now my problem is that, I can't update the scrollable text from the generatePI method which is a top level module function.
Could any of you guys give me a solution or point me to the right direction?
The complete code:
from tkinter import (Tk, BOTH, Text, E, W, S, N, END,
NORMAL, DISABLED, StringVar)
from tkinter.ttk import Frame, Label, Button, Progressbar, Entry
from tkinter import scrolledtext
from multiprocessing import Process, Manager, Queue
from queue import Empty
from decimal import Decimal, getcontext
DELAY1 = 80
DELAY2 = 20
# Queue must be global
q = Queue()
class Example(Frame):
def __init__(self, parent):
Frame.__init__(self, parent, name="frame")
self.parent = parent
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
self.parent.title("Pi computation")
self.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
self.grid_columnconfigure(4, weight=1)
self.grid_rowconfigure(3, weight=1)
lbl1 = Label(self, text="Digits:")
lbl1.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=E, padx=10, pady=10)
self.ent1 = Entry(self, width=10)
self.ent1.insert(END, "4000")
self.ent1.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=W)
lbl2 = Label(self, text="Accuracy:")
lbl2.grid(row=0, column=2, sticky=E, padx=10, pady=10)
self.ent2 = Entry(self, width=10)
self.ent2.insert(END, "100")
self.ent2.grid(row=0, column=3, sticky=W)
self.startBtn = Button(self, text="Start",
command=self.onStart)
self.startBtn.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=10, pady=5, sticky=W)
self.pbar = Progressbar(self, mode='indeterminate')
self.pbar.grid(row=1, column=1, columnspan=3, sticky=W+E)
self.txt = scrolledtext.ScrolledText(self)
self.txt.grid(row=2, column=0, rowspan=4, padx=10, pady=5,
columnspan=5, sticky=E+W+S+N)
def onStart(self):
self.startBtn.config(state=DISABLED)
self.txt.delete("1.0", END)
digits = int(self.ent1.get())
accuracy = int(self.ent2.get())
self.p1 = Process(target=generatePi, args=(q, digits, accuracy))
self.p1.start()
self.pbar.start(DELAY2)
self.after(DELAY1, self.onGetValue)
def onGetValue(self):
if (self.p1.is_alive()):
self.after(DELAY1, self.onGetValue)
return
else:
try:
self.txt.insert('end', q.get(0))
self.txt.insert('end', "\n")
self.pbar.stop()
self.startBtn.config(state=NORMAL)
except Empty:
print("queue is empty")
# Generate function must be a top-level module funtion
def generatePi(q, digs, acc):
getcontext().prec = digs
pi = Decimal(0)
k = 0
n = acc
while k < n:
pi += (Decimal(1)/(16**k))*((Decimal(4)/(8*k+1)) - \
(Decimal(2)/(8*k+4)) - (Decimal(1)/(8*k+5))- \
(Decimal(1)/(8*k+6)))
k += 1
q.put(pi)
def main():
root = Tk()
root.geometry("400x350+300+300")
app = Example(root)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
PS: credit to zetcode.com

Getting multi-tabbed tkinter application with buttons to work properly

I have a small test application using Python tkinter that I got to work. The problem is that it does not exit properly when the "Quit" button is pressed. It is a two-frame tabbed application where I started with the StackOverflow question ttk tkinter multiple frames/windows.
It is now a full example that works, but needs work because it doesn't quit and exit properly. When I press the "Quit" button, it kills the frame for that tab, but the application doesn't quit and exit properly. I have to hit the Window "X" Close icon to close it.
My main question is how (and where?) do I test for the event on either the "Quit" button on the "Feet to Meters" calculator, or the "Cancel/Quit" button on the BMI calculator.
A second question I have is that the design of the application seems inefficient to me, because it creates two widgets "Frame" objects, each with their own set of buttons, including 2 "quit" buttons. How do I put these tabs and frames into a parent window and then add a quit button on that parent window to close the entire application.
I modified the buttons to properly destroy the Frame that the button is in:
Changed button2 "command=self.quit" to "command=self.destroy"
self.button2 = ttk.Button(self, text="Cancel/Quit", command=self.quit).grid(row=3, column=1, sticky=E)
to
self.button2 = ttk.Button(self, text="Cancel/Quit", command=self.destroy).grid(row=3, column=1, sticky=E)
""" Created on Thu Jul 11 17:20:22 2019 """
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import messagebox
class App1(ttk.Frame):
""" This application calculates BMI and returns a value. """
def __init__(self, master=None):
ttk.Frame.__init__(self, master)
self.grid()
self.createWidgets()
def createWidgets(self):
#text variables
self.i_height = StringVar()
self.i_weight = StringVar()
self.o_bmi = StringVar()
#labels
self.label1 = ttk.Label(self, text="Enter your weight:").grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=W)
self.label2 = ttk.Label(self, text="Enter your height:").grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=W)
self.label3 = ttk.Label(self, text="Your BMI is:").grid(row=2, column=0, sticky=W)
#text boxes
self.textbox1 = ttk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.i_weight).grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=E)
self.textbox2 = ttk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.i_height).grid(row=1, column=1, sticky=E)
self.textbox3 = ttk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.o_bmi).grid(row=2, column=1, sticky=E)
#buttons
self.button1 = ttk.Button(self, text="Ok", command=self.calculateBmi).grid(row=3, column=2, sticky=E)
## Changed button2 "command=self.quit" to "command=self.destroy"
# self.button2 = ttk.Button(self, text="Cancel/Quit", command=self.quit).grid(row=3, column=1, sticky=E)
self.button2 = ttk.Button(self, text="Cancel/Quit", command=self.destroy).grid(row=3, column=1, sticky=E)
#exitApplication = tk.Button(root, text='Exit Application', command=root.destroy)
#canvas1.create_window(85, 300, window=exitApplication)
def calculateBmi(self):
try:
self.weight = float(self.i_weight.get())
self.height = float(self.i_height.get())
self.bmi = self.weight / self.height ** 2.0
self.o_bmi.set(self.bmi)
except ValueError:
messagebox.showinfo("Error", "You can only use numbers.")
finally:
self.i_weight.set("")
self.i_height.set("")
class App2(ttk.Frame):
""" Application to convert feet to meters or vice versa. """
def __init__(self, master=None):
ttk.Frame.__init__(self, master)
self.grid()
self.create_widgets()
def create_widgets(self):
"""Create the widgets for the GUI"""
# 1 textbox (stringvar)
self.entry= StringVar()
self.textBox1= ttk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.entry).grid(row=0, column=1)
# 5 labels (3 static, 1 stringvar)
self.displayLabel1 = ttk.Label(self, text="feet").grid(row=0, column=2, sticky=W)
self.displayLabel2 = ttk.Label(self, text="is equivalent to:").grid(row=1, column=0)
self.result= StringVar()
self.displayLabel3 = ttk.Label(self, textvariable=self.result).grid(row=1, column=1)
self.displayLabel4 = ttk.Label(self, text="meters").grid(row=1, column=2, sticky=W)
# 2 buttons
self.calculateButton = ttk.Button(self, text="Calculate", command=self.convert_feet_to_meters).grid(row=2, column=2, sticky=(S,E))
self.quitButton = ttk.Button(self, text="Quit", command=self.destroy).grid(row=2, column=1, sticky=(S,E))
#exitApplication = tk.Button(root, text='Exit Application', command=root.destroy)
#canvas1.create_window(85, 300, window=exitApplication)
def convert_feet_to_meters(self):
"""Converts feet to meters, uses string vars and converts them to floats"""
self.measurement = float(self.entry.get())
self.meters = self.measurement * 0.3048
self.result.set(self.meters)
### CODE BELOW COMMENTED OUT WHEN JOINING ORIGINAL POSTER CODE WITH HIS SOLUTION
### It seems no longer relevant since App1 and App2 have their own buttons.
#def button1_click():
# """ This is for the BMI Calculator Widget """
# root = Tk()
# app = App1(master=root)
# app.mainloop()
#
#def button2_click():
# """ This is for the Feet to Meters Conversion Widget """
# root = Tk()
# app = App2(master=root)
# app.mainloop()
#def main():
# window = Tk()
# button1 = ttk.Button(window, text="bmi calc", command=button1_click).grid(row=0, column=1)
# button2 = ttk.Button(window, text="feet conv", command=button2_click).grid(row=1, column=1)
# window.mainloop()
def main():
#Setup Tk()
window = Tk()
#Setup the notebook (tabs)
notebook = ttk.Notebook(window)
frame1 = ttk.Frame(notebook)
frame2 = ttk.Frame(notebook)
notebook.add(frame1, text="BMI Calc")
notebook.add(frame2, text="Feet to Meters")
notebook.grid()
#Create tab frames
app1 = App1(master=frame1)
app1.grid()
app2 = App2(master=frame2)
app2.grid()
#Main loop
window.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
The application doesn't quit when the "Quit" button is pressed. Only the individual frames quit.

Thanks to Martineau for the hint that helped me get this example to work. I declared 'window as a global variable, since it was defined in the name space of the class constructors. Without that, there was an error raised of undefined window. This method breaks the encapsulation and modularity of the classes by passing in the window as a global. If there is a better way to do this, I would like to know.
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
""" Created on Thu Jul 11 17:20:22 2019
Filename: tkinter-multiple-frames-windows_v3.py
From question on StackOverflow question "ttk tkinter multiple frames/windows"
at https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6035101/ttk-tkinter-multiple-frames-windows?rq=1
Now a full example that works but it needed some modification to clarify how it works.
"""
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import messagebox
class BMICalcApp(ttk.Frame):
""" This application calculates BMI and returns a value. """
def __init__(self, master=None):
ttk.Frame.__init__(self, master)
self.grid()
self.createWidgets()
def createWidgets(self):
#text variables
self.i_height = StringVar()
self.i_weight = StringVar()
self.o_bmi = StringVar()
#labels
self.label1 = ttk.Label(self, text="Enter your weight:").grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=W)
self.label2 = ttk.Label(self, text="Enter your height:").grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=W)
self.label3 = ttk.Label(self, text="Your BMI is:").grid(row=2, column=0, sticky=W)
#text boxes
self.textbox1 = ttk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.i_weight).grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=E)
self.textbox2 = ttk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.i_height).grid(row=1, column=1, sticky=E)
self.textbox3 = ttk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.o_bmi).grid(row=2, column=1, sticky=E)
#buttons
self.button1 = ttk.Button(self, text="Ok", command=self.calculateBmi).grid(row=3, column=2, sticky=E)
self.button2 = ttk.Button(self, text="Cancel/Quit", command=window.destroy).grid(row=3, column=1, sticky=E)
def calculateBmi(self):
try:
self.weight = float(self.i_weight.get())
self.height = float(self.i_height.get())
self.bmi = self.weight / self.height ** 2.0
self.o_bmi.set(self.bmi)
except ValueError:
messagebox.showinfo("Error", "You can only use numbers.")
finally:
self.i_weight.set("")
self.i_height.set("")
class ConvertFeetMeters(ttk.Frame):
""" Application to convert feet to meters or vice versa. """
def __init__(self, master=None):
ttk.Frame.__init__(self, master)
self.grid()
self.create_widgets()
def create_widgets(self):
"""Create the widgets for the GUI"""
# 1 textbox (stringvar)
self.entry= StringVar()
self.textBox1= ttk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.entry).grid(row=0, column=1)
# 5 labels (3 static, 1 stringvar)
self.displayLabel1 = ttk.Label(self, text="feet").grid(row=0, column=2, sticky=W)
self.displayLabel2 = ttk.Label(self, text="is equivalent to:").grid(row=1, column=0)
self.result= StringVar()
self.displayLabel3 = ttk.Label(self, textvariable=self.result).grid(row=1, column=1)
self.displayLabel4 = ttk.Label(self, text="meters").grid(row=1, column=2, sticky=W)
# 2 buttons
self.calculateButton = ttk.Button(self, text="Calculate", command=self.convert_feet_to_meters).grid(row=2, column=2, sticky=(S,E))
self.quitButton = ttk.Button(self, text="Quit", command=window.destroy).grid(row=2, column=1, sticky=(S,E))
def convert_feet_to_meters(self):
"""Converts feet to meters, uses string vars and converts them to floats"""
self.measurement = float(self.entry.get())
self.meters = self.measurement * 0.3048
self.result.set(self.meters)
def main():
#Setup Tk()
global window
window = Tk()
#Setup the notebook (tabs)
notebook = ttk.Notebook(window)
frame1 = ttk.Frame(notebook)
frame2 = ttk.Frame(notebook)
notebook.add(frame1, text="BMI Calc")
notebook.add(frame2, text="Feet to Meters")
notebook.grid()
#Create tab frames
bmi_calc = BMICalcApp(master=frame1)
bmi_calc.grid()
feet_meters_calc = ConvertFeetMeters(master=frame2)
feet_meters_calc.grid()
#Main loop
window.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()

extra spaces between buttons in tkinter

I have implemented a code to make GUI using Tkinter and I'm new in this. The problem which I'm facing is that there is lots of spacing between two buttons in column 3 ( select object and play button).
I want to know that why this is happening.
my code is here:
from tkinter import Tk, Text, BOTH, W, N, E, S
from tkinter.ttk import Frame, Button, Label, Style
class Example(Frame):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
self.master.title("Nav Track app")
self.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
self.style = Style()
self.style.theme_use("default")
self.columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
self.columnconfigure(3, pad=7)
self.rowconfigure(3, weight=1)
self.rowconfigure(5, pad=7)
lbl = Label(self, text="Keep your eyes on screen")
lbl.grid(sticky=W, pady=4, padx=5)
area = Text(self)
area.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=2, rowspan=5,
padx=8, sticky=E + W + S + N)
abtn = Button(self, text="Start Camera")
abtn.grid(row=1, column=3, padx=4)
cbtn = Button(self, text="Select Object")
cbtn.grid(row=2, column=3, padx=4, pady=4)
dbtn = Button(self, text="Play")
dbtn.grid(row=3, column=3, padx=4, pady=4)
hbtn = Button(self, text="Help")
hbtn.grid(row=7, column=0, padx=5)
obtn = Button(self, text="Exit")
obtn.grid(row=7, column=3)
def main():
root = Tk()
root.geometry("500x450+300+500")
app = Example()
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()

python, tkinter: how all variables can be obtained by single button from all notebook tabs?

I need to return all variables from all tabs by clicking on ok button.
I have two tabs. What I want is that when I enter some value in 2nd tab, it should automatically appear in first tab in 'height' entry.
Then if I click 'ok' in first tab, it should return all variables(from first tab and 2nd tab) to my 'main' program for further use.
Thanks
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
class App1(ttk.Frame):
def createWidgets(self):
#text variables
self.i_height = StringVar()
self.i_weight = StringVar()
self.o_bmi = StringVar()
#labels
self.label1 = ttk.Label(self, text="Enter your weight:").grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=W)
self.label2 = ttk.Label(self, text="Enter your height:").grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=W)
self.label3 = ttk.Label(self, text="Your BMI is:").grid(row=2, column=0, sticky=W)
#text boxes
self.textbox1 = ttk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.i_weight).grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=E)
self.textbox2 = ttk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.i_height).grid(row=1, column=1, sticky=E)
self.textbox3 = ttk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.o_bmi).grid(row=2, column=1, sticky=E)
#buttons
self.button1 = ttk.Button(self, text="Cancel/Quit", command=self.quit).grid(row=3, column=1, sticky=E)
self.button1 = ttk.Button(self, text="Ok", command=self.calculateBmi).grid(row=3, column=2, sticky=E)
def calculateBmi(self):
try:
self.weight = float(self.i_weight.get())
self.height = float(self.i_height.get())
self.bmi = self.weight / self.height ** 2.0
self.o_bmi.set(self.bmi)
except ValueError:
messagebox.showinfo("Error", "You can only use numbers.")
finally:
self.i_weight.set("")
self.i_height.set("")
def __init__(self, master=None):
ttk.Frame.__init__(self, master)
self.grid()
self.createWidgets()
class App2(ttk.Frame):
def create_widgets(self):
"""Create the widgets for the GUI"""
#1 textbox (stringvar)
self.entry= StringVar()
self.textBox1= ttk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.entry).grid(row=0, column=1)
#5 labels (3 static, 1 stringvar)
self.displayLabel1 = ttk.Label(self, text="feet").grid(row=0, column=2, sticky=W)
self.displayLabel2 = ttk.Label(self, text="is equivalent to:").grid(row=1, column=0)
self.result= StringVar()
self.displayLabel3 = ttk.Label(self, textvariable=self.result).grid(row=1, column=1)
self.displayLabel4 = ttk.Label(self, text="meters").grid(row=1, column=2, sticky=W)
#2 buttons
self.quitButton = ttk.Button(self, text="Quit", command=self.quit).grid(row=2, column=1, sticky=(S,E))
self.calculateButton = ttk.Button(self, text="Calculate", command=self.convert_feet_to_meters).grid(row=2, column=2, sticky=(S,E))
def convert_feet_to_meters(self):
"""Converts feet to meters, uses string vars and converts them to floats"""
self.measurement = float(self.entry.get())
self.meters = self.measurement * 0.3048
self.result.set(self.meters)
def __init__(self, master=None):
ttk.Frame.__init__(self, master)
self.grid()
self.create_widgets()
def button1_click():
root = Tk()
app = App1(master=root)
app.mainloop()
def button2_click():
root = Tk()
app = App2(master=root)
app.mainloop()
def main():
#Setup Tk()
window = Tk()
#Setup the notebook (tabs)
notebook = ttk.Notebook(window)
frame1 = ttk.Frame(notebook)
frame2 = ttk.Frame(notebook)
notebook.add(frame1, text="BMI Calc")
notebook.add(frame2, text="Feet to Meters")
notebook.grid()
#Create tab frames
app1 = App1(master=frame1)
app1.grid()
app2 = App2(master=frame2)
app2.grid()
#Main loop
window.mainloop()
main()

You have some fundamental mistakes in your program -- you cannot have three mainloops running at the same. You should always only have exactly one instance of Tk, and call mainloop exactly once.
Regardless of that, the solution is that you need to create a method or public variable in the app, and then your button callback needs to be able to call that method or access that variable.
For example, you would do it like this:
def callback():
value1 = app1.getValue()
value2 = app2.getValue()
...