My API works fine and I see a 200 status when I test it using Postman. However I'm trying to access it using a Kivy application but I'm seeing a 400 response from the server after some waiting or quitting the app. By the way when testing with Postman I specify header as Content-Type: application/json and in body I see my parameters
{
"search_text": "Hello",
"num_results": 1
}
being sent as raw data.
My code
def search(self, search_text):
header = {'Content-Type':'application/json'}
req = UrlRequest('http://127.0.0.1:5000/search',req_body={"search_text": search_text,"num_results": 1},on_success=Test.got_json,req_headers=header)
print("Search method called")
#staticmethod
def got_json(req,result):
print(result)
Kivy docs say that you don't have to specify a method as this would send a POST request so I've not specified that here
Edit: The code for the server is kind of irrelevant for my issue here so I've removed it
UrlRequest should be passed a str object as request body. You can serialize the request dictionary as a string object by dumping it. Pass this dumped dictionary as the request body to UrlRequest.
import json
req_body=json.dumps({'search_text': search_text, 'num_results': 1})
req = UrlRequest(
'http://127.0.0.1:5000/search',
req_body=req_body,
on_success=Test.got_json,
req_headers=header)
req_body is a string parameter, might be a bit confusing as req_headers is a dict. You can use:
req_body=json.dumps({"search_text": search_text,"num_results": 1})
Related
I am new to API. I have a below json request:
{
"Description": {
"punctuation": "yes",
"stopwords": "yes",
"lower-case":"yes",
"lemetization":"yes"
}
}
I want to pass this json to my below service:
#app.route('/user_input', methods=['POST'])
def user_input():
##Request table and Json request from user
user_request = request.get_json()
user_request_df =pd.DataFrame(user_request)
return print(df.head())
I am using the below command to call the service:
res = requests.get("http://127.0.0.1:5000/user_input", json={"Description": {"punctuation": "yes","stopwords": "yes","lower-case":"yes","lemetization":"yes"}})
After running the this line i am getting <Response [405]> error.
Here in the above example I am calling one service from another service. Similarly I want to call multiple service.
<Response [405]>
Status 405 is Method Not Allowed, this is caused by fact that you are using GET HTTP verb (requests.get) whilst also allowing only POST requests in Flask using methods=
#app.route('/user_input', methods=['POST'])
Try using requests.post instead requests.get
Edit: I noticed that you do return print(df.head()) which is same as return None as print does always return None. I am not sure what you want to do exatcly, but if you want to get string representation of df.head() then you should probably do str(df.head()).
I need to add some extra key, value to response in requests lib of python3 without changing response structure (because the response will be sent into another service for the process). for example, I received this response:
>>import requests
>>r = requests.post(url=input_kong_address, data=data)
>>print(r.json())
{
"foo":"bar",
"key1":"val1"
}
I need to add "extra_key":"extra_value" to response:
{
"foo":"bar",
"key1":"val1",
"extra_key":"extra_value"
}
and now I want to add some extra key to response and sent it to the next service without changing in structure (class, type and etc):
>>import requests
>>import json
>>r = requests.post(url=input_kong_address, data=data)
>>response_data = r.json()
>>response_data['extra_key']='extra_value' # trying to add extra key and value to response
>>r.json = json.loads(json.dumps(response_data)) # trying to attach new dict to response
>>r.json() # check is worked?
{TypeError}'dict' object is not callable
thank you.
response.json() is a method, so rebinding it to a dict can only lead to this behaviour indeed. Now if you read the source of the response class, you'll find out that this method actually operates on the ._content attribute (accessed via either the .content and/or .text properties). IOW, you just have to assign your serialized json string to response._content:
>>> import requests
>>> import json
>>> r = requests.get("https://www.google.com")
>>> r._content = json.dumps({"foo": "bar"})
>>> r.json()
{u'foo': u'bar'}
>>>
This being said:
the response will be sent into another service for the process
you may want to think twice about your design then. It's of course impossible to tell without knowing much more about your concrete use case, but ask yourself whether this "other service" really needs the whole response object.
UPDATE
For me the Problem got fixed as soon as I was putting "encoding: URLEncoding(destination: .queryString)" in my request. Maybe this helps somebody else. link
I struggled the whole day to find the problem in my Alamofire PUT Request or the Flask Restful API. Request like GET, DELETE and POST are working fine with Alamofire, except the PUT Request.
When I'm using PUT Requests in combination with Postman and Flask-Restful everything is also working fine. But as soon as I'm trying to achieve the same Result with Alamofire, I'm not getting any parameters in Flask. I tried to illustrate this in the code examples.
So in short my example illustrates the following:
DELETE Request(Same with GET and POST)
Postman: success
Alamofire: success
PUT Request
Postman: success
Alamofire: failure (parameter dictionary empty in Flask-Restful)
Here is my Python Code [API Server]:
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
from flask_restful import Resource, Api, reqparse
app = Flask(__name__)
api = Api(app)
class Stackoverflow(Resource):
def delete(self):
print(request.args)
if request.args.get('test-key') is None:
return jsonify({"message": "failure"})
else:
return jsonify({"message": "success"})
def put(self):
print(request.args)
if request.args.get('test-key') is None:
return jsonify({"message": "failure"})
else:
return jsonify({"message": "success"})
api.add_resource(Stackoverflow, '/stackoverflow')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0')
If I'm using Postman, I get this result (like expected):
Result in Postman
But now I'm trying to do the same with Alamofire in Swift. Same Server, nothing changed.
SWIFT demo Code [IOS APP]:
import UIKit
import Alamofire
import SwiftyJSON
class ViewController: UIViewController {
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// Do any additional setup after loading the view
simplePUTRequest()
simpleDELETERequest()
}
func simplePUTRequest(){
AF.request("http://localhost:5000/stackoverflow", method: .put, parameters: ["test-key":"testvalue"])
.validate(statusCode: 200..<300)
.responseJSON { response in
if let data = response.data {
print("Result PUT Request:")
print(String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!)
//print(utf8Text)
}else{
}
}
}
func simpleDELETERequest(){
AF.request("http://localhost:5000/stackoverflow", method: .delete, parameters: ["test-key":"testvalue"])
.validate(statusCode: 200..<300)
.responseJSON { response in
if let data = response.data {
print("Result DELETE Request:")
print(String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!)
//print(utf8Text)
}else{
}
}
}
Xcode Console:
Result PUT Request:
{
"message": "failure"
}
Result DELETE Request:
{
"message": "success"
}
python Console (both Alamofire Requests):
ImmutableMultiDict([])
127.0.0.1 - - [15/Jun/2019 21:17:31] "PUT /stackoverflow HTTP/1.1" 200 -
ImmutableMultiDict([('test-key', 'testvalue')])
127.0.0.1 - - [15/Jun/2019 21:17:31] "DELETE /stackoverflow?test-key=testvalue HTTP/1.1" 200 -
As you can see, I'm getting the success message only while using the DELETE method.
Till now I tried using different encodings like URLEncoding.httpbody and URLEncoding.default, but nothing really helped.
For me it seems like it's a Alamofire/Swift Problem, because in Postman the same request method is working fine.
I would really appreciate your help, because I'm stuck and don't know anything further to do. I hope I didn't misunderstood something essential.
Thank you in advance!
I am currently using the same version AlamoFire, and when I use the PUT method, I use it as follows:
let request = AF.request(url, method: .put, parameters: ["uid": uid],
encoding: JSONEncoding.default, headers: headers)
request.responseJSON(completionHandler: { response in
guard response.error == nil else {
//Handle error
}
if let json = response.value as? [String: Any]
// Handle result.
}
The only difference to your post is that I used the encoding option. You can try to put the option and see what happens.
It looks like your server is expecting your PUT parameters to be URL form encoded into the URL. You may be hitting the version of the request method that uses JSON encoding by default, so adding encoder: URLEncodedFormParameterEncoder.default at the end of your request call should fix that. A future release will make that the default, as it's safe across all request types.
If that's not the issue, I suggest you investigate more closely to see what the differences between the requests may be. Since you control the server you should have easy access to the traffic.
I'm getting a POST request inside a Flask app from Slack. The request is sent when a user presses on an interactive message button. According to Slack docs I must extract the body of the request to verify the signature.
My computed signature doesn't match the one sent by Slack, though.
In fact, the body of the request comes as some encoded string. The string is actually an encoded dictionary instead of a query str parameters, as expected.
Here's the beginning of my view:
#app.route('/register', methods=['POST'])
def register_visit():
data = request.get_data()
signature = request.headers.get('X-Slack-Signature', None)
timestamp = request.headers.get('X-Slack-Request-Timestamp', None)
signing_secret = b'aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa'
# old message, ignore
if round(actual_time.time() - float(timestamp)) > 60 * 5:
return
concatenated = ("v0:%s:%s" % (timestamp, data)).encode('utf-8')
computed_signature = 'v0=' + hmac.new(signing_secret, msg=concatenated, digestmod=hashlib.sha256).hexdigest()
if hmac.compare_digest(computed_signature, signature):
...
I've tried to format the received data to make it look like:
token=fdjkgjl&user_id=1234... but I am not aware of all of the necessary parameters that have to be present in the data.
Any ideas are highly appreciated.
The body of the message is following - after being URL decoded (note I've modified possibly sensitive data):
b'payload={"type":"interactive_message","actions":
[{"name":"yes_button","type":"button","value":"236"}],"callback_id":"visit_button","team":{"id":"fffff","domain":"ffff"},"channel":{"id":"ffff","name":"directmessage"},"user":{"id":"ffffff","name":"fffft"},"action_ts":"1540403943.419120","message_ts":"1541403949.000100","attachment_id":"1","token":"8LpjBuv13J7xAjhl2lEajoBU","is_app_unfurl":false,"original_message":{"text":"Test","bot_id":"DDDDDDDDD","attachments":[{"callback_id":"visit_button","text":"Register","id":1,"color":"3AA3E3","actions":[{"id":"1","name":"yes_button","text":"Yes","type":"button","value":"236","style":""}],"fallback":"Register"}],"type":"message","subtype":"bot_message","ts":"1540413949.000100"},"response_url":"https://hooks.slack.com/actions/ffffff/ffffff/tXJjx1XInaUhrikj6oEzK08e","trigger_id":"464662548327.425084163429.dda35a299eedb940ab98dbb9386b56f0"}'
The reason you are getting the "garbled" data is that you are using request.get_data(). That method will return the raw data of a request, but not do any decoding for you.
Much more convenient is to use request.form.get('payload'), which will directly give you the JSON string of the request object. You can then convert that into a dict object with json.loads() to process it further in your app.
Note that the format you received is the correct format for interactive messages. You will not get a query string (e.g. "token=abc;user_id?def...") as you suggested (like for slash command requests). Interactive message request will always contain the request as JSON string in a payload form property. See here for reference.
Here is a simple working example, which will reply a greeting to the user that pressed the button. It will work directly with Slack, but I recommend using Postman to test it.
#app.py
from flask import Flask, request #import main Flask class and request object
import json
app = Flask(__name__) #create the Flask app
#app.route('/register', methods=['POST'])
def register_visit():
slack_req = json.loads(request.form.get('payload'))
response = '{"text": "Hi, <#' + slack_req["user"]["id"] + '>"}'
return response, 200, {'content-type': 'application/json'}
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True, port=5000) #run app in debug mode on port 5000
OK, the issue wasn't related to how Slack sends me the message. It was about misunderstanding which data comes as bytes and which data is unicode. The culprit was string formatting in my case - the line concatenated = ("v0:%s:%s" % (timestamp, data)).encode('utf-8') should have been concatenated = (b"v0:%b:%b" % (timestamp.encode("utf-8"), data)). Data is already bytes, timestamp meanwhile is unicode.
Cannot believe I've banged my head on this for hours -_-
#app.route('/register', methods=['POST'])
def register_visit():
data = request.get_data()
signature = request.headers.get('X-Slack-Signature', None)
timestamp = request.headers.get('X-Slack-Request-Timestamp', None)
signing_secret = b'aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa'
# old message, ignore
if round(actual_time.time() - float(timestamp)) > 60 * 5:
return
concatenated = (b"v0:%b:%b" % (timestamp.encode("utf-8"), data))
computed_signature = 'v0=' + hmac.new(signing_secret, msg=concatenated,
digestmod=hashlib.sha256).hexdigest()
if hmac.compare_digest(computed_signature, signature):
...
This worked for me
from urllib import parse
parsed_text = parse.unquote('your bytes text here')
I am having trouble sending a string of bytes (an image) to my backend.
In my code I have:
# sends a httplib2.Request
backend_resp, backend_content = self.mirror_service._http.request(
uri=backend_path,
body=urllib.urlencode({"img":content}))
This sends a request where content is a large string of bytes.
in my backend I have:
class Handler(webapp2.RequestHandler):
def get(self):
image_bytes = self.request.get("img")
logging.info(image_bytes) # output is empty string
Which logs an empty string.
I have also tried
image_bytes = self.request.body
and just setting body = content in the request, but these also return nothing
I know the backend is receiving the request because the backend logs have messages I have placed.
What is the correct way to send and retrieve my GET data?
EDIT:
Here's what content logs before trying to send it to my backend:
logging.info(str(type(content)))
# returns <type 'str'>
logging.info(content)
# logs a long string of bytes
On another note, I also get this warning in the logs when sending the request, but I'm not sure how to fix it:
new_request() takes at most 1 positional argument (2 given)
I'm guessing that this warning means that the 1 positional argument it takes is path=, and it's ignoring my body= argument. I think the warning changes to (3 given) if I add method="POST" or method="GET"
I tried using a POST method too, but logging.info won't display in my logs. I tried just writing self.request.body or self.request.get('img') back to the response, and it still just returns an empty string like the GET method.
To send a post from httplib2 :
import urllib
import httplib2
http = httplib2.Http()
url = '<your post url>'
body = {'img': 'all your image bytes...'}
headers = {'Content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
response, content = http.request(url, 'POST', headers=headers, body=urllib.urlencode(body))
see httplib2 docs
To receive a post in Webapp2:
class Handler(webapp2.RequestHandler):
def post(self):
image_bytes = self.request.POST.get("img")
logging.info(image_bytes) # output is empty string
I haven't tested this code, but it should give you and idea how it should be done.