Develop Reference

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'geopandas' [duplicate]

This error raised while installing geopandas. I've looking for its solution on the web, but none of them really explain what happened and how to solve it..
This is the full error:
Collecting geopandas
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/24/11/d77c157c16909bd77557d00798b05a5b6615ed60acb5900fbe6a65d35e93/geopandas-0.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: shapely in c:\users\alvaro\anaconda3\envs\tfdeeplearning\lib\site-packages (from geopandas) (1.6.4.post2)
Requirement already satisfied: pandas in c:\users\alvaro\anaconda3\envs\tfdeeplearning\lib\site-packages (from geopandas) (0.20.3)
Collecting fiona (from geopandas)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3a/16/84960540e9fce61d767fd2f0f1d95f4c63e99ab5d8fddc308e8b51b059b8/Fiona-1.8.4.tar.gz
Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
A GDAL API version must be specified. Provide a path to gdal-config using a GDAL_CONFIG environment variable or use a GDAL_VERSION environment variable.
----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in C:\Users\Alvaro\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-oxgkjg8l\fiona\

pip install wheel
pip install pipwin
pipwin install numpy
pipwin install pandas
pipwin install shapely
pipwin install gdal
pipwin install fiona
pipwin install pyproj
pipwin install six
pipwin install rtree
pipwin install geopandas
here are the source links:
http://geopandas.org/install.html#installation
https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/user_guide/#installing-from-wheels
https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#numpy
If you still have problems, consider uninstalling the above (pip uninstall) and reinstalling.

I solved this problem by running the following commands:
pip install pipwin
pipwin install gdal
pipwin install fiona
pip install geopandas
Works successfully on Windows.

Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL) is a library designed for vector geospatial data formats. It's a prerequisite for installing Fiona, the Python API for OGR (which doesn't really stand for anything), which is in turn a prerequisite for Geopandas. On UNIX-like systems the gdal-config script tells Fiona stuff about your particular gdal installation.
It seems that your gdal-config is not in one of the usual places on your PATH, so Fiona was unable to find it.
If you're using Anaconda, best is to remove gdal with conda remove gdal and then do a fresh conda install geopandas.
As a general rule, if you're using Conda you should never use pip to install something inside it unless you're absolutely sure conda offers no support for it. (Many package can be found on conda by specifying the right channel - -c argument.) And specifically in the case of geopandas, the maintainers recommend using conda over pip, since pip requires you to install the dependencies correctly.

I had a lot of issues myself installing geopandas, mostly showing error when downloading fiona and gdal. I did every step above and did a conda install geopandas but failed. The only thing worked for me is to install fiona and gdal wheel separately.
go to the link by Christoph: gohlke:https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#fiona
You can search for fiona and gdal wheel files. Make sure you choose the file as per your python version, if it is 3.7 then there would be cp37.
Download the file
go to command prompt, put cd and then pip install , install GDAL wheel file, then fiona, then just do pip install geopandas.
This solution worked for me.

To install gdal, I followed the following steps:
downloaded the version that satisfies my computer (64 bit) from
https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/ . The file was GDAL-3.1.4-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
Put the file in a folder on the desktop.
From cmd, i moved to that directory and executed python -m pip install GDAL-3.1.4-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
This is followed by installing fiona the same way: python -m pip install Fiona-1.8.18-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
For shapely, i executed conda install -c conda-forge shapely
After that, i was able to install keplergl as usual: pip install keplergl
install descartes: conda install -c conda-forge descartes (or python -m pip install descartes).
In this way, i didn't have to play around with the 'Environmental Variables' as this may affect other programs
Cheers..

Installing geopandas
Geopandas has very complex multi-language dependencies, some of which need to be built with consistent compiler versions across packages. Because of this, the geopandas docs recommend installing using conda in a new environment using conda-forge only. Here are some general best practices to keep in mind:
conda is the recommended installation method. You can install geopandas from pip or source, but it's going to be a bumpy ride and it's not recommended. If you're installing conda for the first time, I recommend you start with miniconda (or better yet miniforge, a conda-forge-first miniconda variant), not anaconda, to keep your base env lean.
When using conda, you should not mix and match conda channels.
When installing geopandas, try creating a fresh environment rather than installing into your base environment. If you have anaconda installed, it comes with a large number of packages from the "defaults" channel installed in your base environment. I recommend deleting anaconda and installing miniconda, then installing into a new environment.
Try to create a new environment with everything you plan to use all at once rather than iteratively modifying the environment. In other words, if you want to use geopandas with scikit_learn, folium, and rasterio, install them together with a single conda create command
As a last resort, delete your conda installation and re-install miniconda. Desperate times call for desperate measures, and this usually resolves gnarly installation nightmares.
To create a fresh conda environment in which you install all necessary dependencies at the same time, using the conda-forge channel:
conda create -n my-geopandas-env -c conda-forge geopandas [all other packages you need]
For example, I might set up an environment with something along the lines of...
conda create -n my-geopandas-env -c conda-forge python=3.9 \
ipython ipykernel geopandas scipy seaborn fiona matplotlib cartopy
Bundling your installations into a single environment creation step like this reduces the chance of packages falling out of sync. To speed this process up, you could first install mamba or mambaforge, a faster drop-in replacement for conda, into your base environment and then run the above commands with mamba instead of conda.
Generally, it's best to avoid installing much of anything in your base environment (cross-environment system utilities like mamba are some of the few exceptions). If you already have a complex base environment (maybe you started with anaconda rather than miniconda) this may be the time to delete your entire conda installation and start from scratch (I know that's terrifying... sorry! but it'll save you heartache in the future). mamba is great for speeding this process up.
Connecting your editor to the conda environment
Once you have installed all of the packages you need, activate your environment with conda activate my-geopandas-env. See the conda guide to managing environments for more info.
Jupyter/ipython
Some editors/IDEs including jupyter require additional packages - jupyter requires that ipython and ipykernel be installed in order to load the environment within the notebook or editor - that's why I included ipykernel in my list above. See the ipykernel docs for more info.
Other IDES
To link this environment to an IDE such as VSCODE, spider, etc., find the location of this python version with conda run -n my-geopandas-env which python then point your editor to this python executable. Check the docs of your specific editor to get more targeted info about how to set up a conda environment for use with your editor:
Spider: FAQ on using an existing environment and Spider wiki guide to working with packages and environments
VSCode: Using python environments in vscode
PyCharm: Configure a conda virtual environment

I don't have conda installed, then using just pip I followed these steps:
Download GDAL and Fiona wheels directly on:
GDAL: https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#gdal
FIONA: https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#fiona
Then:
pip install <gdal.whl>
pip install <fiona.whl>
In my case I did pip install GDAL-3.4.1-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl and Fiona-1.8.21-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl. Where cp38 stands for python 3.8.
After that you are able to install geopandas with pip as well.
pip install geo pandas

For me, the only solution was to install the ready binaries from here
https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#gdal
Then just install locally
pip install GDAL-3.1.4-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl

One way in which I could install geopandas was through the Anaconda Navigator. Get into the environment and install the package 'geopandas'. After that I could import the geopandas package in spyder

I will add
!pip install descartes
to #JDOaktown list.

I started with pip install geopandas and got the error, but later tried with conda install --channel conda-forge geopandas and the error disappeared.

Successfully installed in RHEL 7.8.
It automatically downloaded the required packages. This might be helpful
Installing collected packages: certifi, pyproj, shapely, attrs, click, click-plugins, munch, cligj, fiona, geopandas
Successfully installed attrs-20.3.0 certifi-2020.11.8 click-7.1.2 click-plugins-1.1.1 cligj-0.7.0 fiona-1.8.17 geopandas-0.8.1 munch-2.5.0 pyproj-3.0.0.post1 shapely-1.7.1

If you want to install GDAL, Geopandas, Shapely, Fiona etc in a windows Virtual Environment download .whl files for all of them and first install GDAL using
pip install gdal-.whl
Following this command edit the activate.bat file in you venv\Scripts folder and add
GDAL_CONFIG = \venv\Lib\site-packages\osgeo
Then you can install rest using pip install

I started off with a clean environment gdal_test in Conda environments, but made the mistake of using the old activate gdal_test instead of conda activate gdal_test. This made Conda Environment resolving take forever, which is why I resolved to other methods at first.
Takeaway: let conda handle it, with a proper new environment.

I ran into this problem not with anaconda/windows, but with python:3.6 Docker image. Google search always led me to this question, so I think I will share how I resolve my issue in case others also end up here.
Based on here, you need to install system relevant packages in the Dockerfile before running pip install geopandas or pip install requirements.txt:
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
build-essential \
libatlas-base-dev \
libgdal-dev \
gfortran

The following worked on macOS:
brew install gdal --HEAD
Verify the installation by running gdal-config --version
Following that pip installation as normal worked without a problem.

In my anaconda's environment tensor, I have two pips . How can I uninstall the old version? my OS is windows10

There are two pips in my environment, I use the command "conda list" to list them
pip 18.0
pip 9.0.1 py35_1
I want to remove pip 9.0.1, how can I do it?

Have you tried conda uninstall pip=*version*?
You could also run conda uninstall pip (possibly conda uninstall pip*) and remove both versions, then install the latest version of pip after that.
Two versions of pip in a single conda env should not happen through the usual update processes. Either you mistakenly installed the second, or something went very wrong with anaconda. If you suspect that it is something on anaconda's end, then this is a good opportunity for some spring cleaning. Export and then remove the environment, update and clean conda, then either:
Rebuild the environment by removing anything you don't need from your exported environment file and importing this environment again. Then run another conda update --all to ensure you are on the latest version for these packages.
OR Create a fresh environment, manually go through your exported environment and install only your most-used packages. I'd recommend this one, to get a better understanding of what dependencies your projects actually need.
Addendum:
Kota Mori comments that:
Two pip's can happen if you: 1. conda istall pip, then 2. pip install pip --upgrade.
I did not consider this in my original answer. The Conda user guide does not explicitly advise against installing packages through a non-conda version of pip: Anything installed by your pip 18.0, is in the currently active conda environment.
Pip packages do not have all the features of conda packages, and we recommend first trying to install any package with conda. [...] To gain the benefits of conda integration, be sure to install pip inside the currently active conda environment, and then install packages with that instance of pip.
However, (and this is speculation) given that Anaconda aims to simplify package management for Python and R, it may be developed for the pip version delivered by conda. Delivering v10 would then be deliberate. I would personally be wary of unintended side effects and would choose to recreate my environment if I cannot cleanly uninstall v18 and return to v10, or whichever version is currently distributed through conda.

I use "sudo pip uninstall matplotlib" to install matplotlib, but failed

I am using the below setup:
centos 7
python 2.7
numpy 1.14.3
The error information:
Cannot uninstall 'matplotlib'.
It is a distutils installed project and thus we cannot accurately determine which files belong to it which would lead to only a partial uninstall.
I do not know why I can not use pip to install matplotlib. Somebody knows why?
Do not tell me to use apt-get or yum.

I want to uninstall matplotlib cause its version is too low and I can not upgrade it successfully. So I want to uninstall it, then reinstall. Now I find another way: delete the correspoding file then reinstall the package you need. The version of the package is the latest.

Try sudo pip install --upgrade matplotlib without deleting the old version beforehand, as described here

How to upgrade scikit-learn package in anaconda

I am trying to upgrade package of scikit-learn from 0.16 to 0.17. For that I am trying to use binaries from this website: http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#scikit-learn. I have Windows 7 x64 bit. I downloaded the relevant package locally and gave following commands and got Requirement already up-to-date:
C:\Users\skumar>pip install --upgrade --use-wheel --no-index --find-links=../../
SOURCE/APPS scikit-learn
Ignoring indexes: https://pypi.python.org/simple
Requirement already up-to-date: scikit-learn in c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages
Then I tried to upgrade it from remote site and got similar result:
C:\Users\skumar>pip install --upgrade --use-wheel --no-index --trusted-host www.
lfd.uci.edu --find-links=http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/ scikit-learn
Ignoring indexes: https://pypi.python.org/simple
Requirement already up-to-date: scikit-learn in c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages
On Remote site there are two versions i.e., 0.16 & 0.17. Is there a way to specify version in command? Or how do you install/upgrade wheel file?

Anaconda comes with the conda package manager which is designed to handle these kinds of upgrades. Start by updating conda itself to get the most recent package lists:
conda update conda
And then install the version of scikit-learn you want
conda install scikit-learn=0.17
All necessary dependencies will be upgraded as well. If you have trouble with conda on Windows, there are some relevant FAQ here: http://docs.continuum.io/anaconda/faq

Following Worked for me for scikit-learn on Anaconda-Jupyter Notebook.
Upgrading my scikit-learn from 0.19.1 to 0.19.2 in anaconda installed on Ubuntu on Google VM instance:
Run the following commands in the terminal:
First, check existing available packages with versions by using:
conda list
It will show different packages and their installed versions in the output. Here check for scikit-learn. e.g. for me, the output was:
scikit-learn 0.19.1 py36hedc7406_0
Now I want to Upgrade to 0.19.2 July 2018 release i.e. latest available version.
conda config --append channels conda-forge
conda install scikit-learn=0.19.2
As you are trying to upgrade to 0.17 version try the following command:
conda install scikit-learn=0.17
Now check the required version of the scikit-learn is installed correctly or not by using:
conda list
For me the Output was:
scikit-learn 0.19.2 py36_blas_openblasha84fab4_201 [blas_openblas] conda-forge
Note: Don't use pip command if you are using Anaconda or Miniconda
I tried following commands:
!conda update conda
!pip install -U scikit-learn
It will install the required packages also will show in the conda list but if you try to import that package it will not work.
On the website http://scikit-learn.org/stable/install.html it is mentioned as:
Warning To upgrade or uninstall scikit-learn installed with Anaconda or conda you should not use the pip.

So to upgrade scikit-learn package, you have to follow below process
Step-1: Open your terminal(Ctrl+Alt+t)
Step-2: Now for checking currently installed packages along with the
versions installed on your
conda environment by typing conda list
Step-3: Now for upgrade type below command
conda update scikit-learn
Hope it helps!!

I would suggest using conda. Conda is an anconda specific package manager. If you want to know more about conda, read the conda docs.
Using conda in the command line, the command below would install scipy 0.17.
conda install scipy=0.17.0

Updating a Specific Library - scikit-learn:
Anaconda (conda):
conda install scikit-learn
Pip Installs Packages (pip):
pip install --upgrade scikit-learn
Verify Update:
conda list scikit-learn
It should now display the current (and desired) version of the scikit-learn library.
For me personally, I tried using the conda command to update the scikit-learn library and it acted as if it were installing the latest version to then later discover (with an execution of the conda list scikit-learn command) that it was the same version as previously and never updated (or recognized the update?). When I used the pip command, it worked like a charm and correctly updated the scikit-learn library to the latest version!
Hope this helps!
More in-depth details of latest version can be found here (be mindful this applies to the scikit-learn library version of 0.22):
Release Highlights for scikit-learn 0.22

I made it work to update to 0.24.1, on Windows 10 64bits, so I share the way I did it with the GUI:
launch Anaconda3 gui
on the left menu, click "environments"
next to "base (root)", click on the green arrow/triangle
select "Open Terminal"
type the command line:
conda install scikit-learn==0.24.1
It worked without error.

If you are using Jupyter in anaconda, after conda update scikit-learn in terminal, close anaconda and restart, otherwise the error will occur again.

Installing specific package version with pip

I am trying to install version 1.2.2 of MySQL_python, using a fresh virtualenv created with the --no-site-packages option. The current version shown in PyPi is 1.2.3. Is there a way to install the older version? I have tried:
pip install MySQL_python==1.2.2
However, when installed, it still shows MySQL_python-1.2.3-py2.6.egg-info in the site packages. Is this a problem specific to this package, or am I doing something wrong?

TL;DR:
Update as of 2022-12-28:
pip install --force-reinstall -v
For example: pip install --force-reinstall -v "MySQL_python==1.2.2"
What these options mean:
--force-reinstall is an option to reinstall all packages even if they are already up-to-date.
-v is for verbose. You can combine for even more verbosity (i.e. -vv) up to 3 times (e.g. --force-reinstall -vvv).
Thanks to #Peter for highlighting this (and it seems that the context of the question has broadened given the time when the question was first asked!), the documentation for Python discusses a caveat with using -I, in that it can break your installation if it was installed with a different package manager or if if your package is/was a different version.
Original answer:
pip install -Iv (i.e. pip install -Iv MySQL_python==1.2.2)
What these options mean:
-I stands for --ignore-installed which will ignore the installed packages, overwriting them.
-v is for verbose. You can combine for even more verbosity (i.e. -vv) up to 3 times (e.g. -Ivvv).
For more information, see pip install --help
First, I see two issues with what you're trying to do. Since you already have an installed version, you should either uninstall the current existing driver or use pip install -I MySQL_python==1.2.2
However, you'll soon find out that this doesn't work. If you look at pip's installation log, or if you do a pip install -Iv MySQL_python==1.2.2 you'll find that the PyPI URL link does not work for MySQL_python v1.2.2. You can verify this here: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/MySQL-python/1.2.2
The download link 404s and the fallback URL links are re-directing infinitely due to sourceforge.net's recent upgrade and PyPI's stale URL.
So to properly install the driver, you can follow these steps:
pip uninstall MySQL_python
pip install -Iv http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python/files/mysql-python/1.2.2/MySQL-python-1.2.2.tar.gz/download

You can even use a version range with pip install command. Something like this:
pip install 'stevedore>=1.3.0,<1.4.0'
And if the package is already installed and you want to downgrade it add --force-reinstall like this:
pip install 'stevedore>=1.3.0,<1.4.0' --force-reinstall

One way, as suggested in this post, is to mention version in pip as:
pip install -Iv MySQL_python==1.2.2
i.e. Use == and mention the version number to install only that version. -I, --ignore-installed ignores already installed packages.

To install a specific python package version whether it is the first time, an upgrade or a downgrade use:
pip install --force-reinstall MySQL_python==1.2.4
MySQL_python version 1.2.2 is not available so I used a different version. To view all available package versions from an index exclude the version:
pip install MySQL_python==

I believe that if you already have a package it installed, pip will not overwrite it with another version. Use -I to ignore previous versions.

Sometimes, the previously installed version is cached.
~$ pip install pillow==5.2.0
It returns the followings:
Requirement already satisfied: pillow==5.2.0 in /home/ubuntu/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (5.2.0)
We can use --no-cache-dir together with -I to overwrite this
~$ pip install --no-cache-dir -I pillow==5.2.0

Since this appeared to be a breaking change introduced in version 10 of pip, I downgraded to a compatible version:
pip install 'pip<10'
This command tells pip to install a version of the module lower than version 10. Do this in a virutalenv so you don't screw up your site installation of Python.

This below command worked for me
Python version - 2.7
package - python-jenkins
command - $ pip install 'python-jenkins>=1.1.1'

I recently ran into an issue when using pip's -I flag that I wanted to document somewhere:
-I will not uninstall the existing package before proceeding; it will just install it on top of the old one. This means that any files that should be deleted between versions will instead be left in place. This can cause weird behavior if those files share names with other installed modules.
For example, let's say there's a package named package. In one of packages files, they use import datetime. Now, in package#2.0.0, this points to the standard library datetime module, but in package#3.0.0, they added a local datetime.py as a replacement for the standard library version (for whatever reason).
Now lets say I run pip install package==3.0.0, but then later realize that I actually wanted version 2.0.0. If I now run pip install -I package==2.0.0, the old datetime.py file will not be removed, so any calls to import datetime will import the wrong module.
In my case, this manifested with strange syntax errors because the newer version of the package added a file that was only compatible with Python 3, and when I downgraded package versions to support Python 2, I continued importing the Python-3-only module.
Based on this, I would argue that uninstalling the old package is always preferable to using -I when updating installed package versions.

There are 2 ways you may install any package with version:-
A). pip install -Iv package-name == version
B). pip install -v package-name == version
For A
Here, if you're using -I option while installing(when you don't know if the package is already installed) (like 'pip install -Iv pyreadline == 2.* 'or something), you would be installing a new separate package with the same existing package having some different version.
For B
At first, you may want to check for no broken requirements.
pip check
2.and then see what's already installed by
pip list
3.if the list of the packages contain any package that you wish to install with specific version then the better option is to uninstall the package of this version first, by
pip uninstall package-name
4.And now you can go ahead to reinstall the same package with a specific version, by
pip install -v package-name==version
e.g. pip install -v pyreadline == 2.*

If you want to update to latest version and you don't know what is the latest version you can type.
pip install MySQL_python --upgrade
This will update the MySQL_python for latest version available, you can use for any other package version.

dependency packaging has had a new release, wherein it has dropped LegacyVersion from its codebase
The quick solution might be pin packaging==21.3