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Extract text from a config file [duplicate]

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Parse key value pairs in a text file
(7 answers)
Closed 1 year ago.
I'm using a config file to inform my Python script of a few key-values, for use in authenticating the user against a website.
I have three variables: the URL, the user name, and the API token.
I've created a config file with each key on a different line, so:
url:<url string>
auth_user:<user name>
auth_token:<API token>
I want to be able to extract the text after the key words into variables, also stripping any "\n" that exist at the end of the line. Currently I'm doing this, and it works but seems clumsy:
with open(argv[1], mode='r') as config_file:
lines = config_file.readlines()
for line in lines:
url_match = match('jira_url:', line)
if url_match:
jira_url = line[9:].split("\n")[0]
user_match = match('auth_user:', line)
if user_match:
auth_user = line[10:].split("\n")[0]
token_match = match('auth_token', line)
if token_match:
auth_token = line[11:].split("\n")[0]
Can anybody suggest a more elegant solution? Specifically it's the ... = line[10:].split("\n")[0] lines that seem clunky to me.
I'm also slightly confused why I can't reuse my match object within the for loop, and have to create new match objects for each config item.

you could use a .yml file and read values with yaml.load() function:
import yaml
with open('settings.yml') as file:
settings = yaml.load(file, Loader=yaml.FullLoader)
now you can access elements like settings["url"] and so on

If the format is always <tag>:<value> you can easily parse it by splitting the line at the colon and filling up a custom dictionary:
config_file = open(filename,"r")
lines = config_file.readlines()
config_file.close()
settings = dict()
for l in lines:
elements = l[:-1].split(':')
settings[elements[0]] = ':'.join(elements[1:])
So, you get a dictionary that has the tags as keys and the values as values. You can then just refer to these dictionary entries in your pogram.
(e.g.: if you need the auth_token, just call settings["auth_token"]

if you can add 1 line for config file, configparser is good choice
https://docs.python.org/3/library/configparser.html
[1] config file : 1.cfg
[DEFAULT] # configparser's config file need section name
url:<url string>
auth_user:<user name>
auth_token:<API token>
[2] python scripts
import configparser
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('1.cfg')
print(config.get('DEFAULT','url'))
print(config.get('DEFAULT','auth_user'))
print(config.get('DEFAULT','auth_token'))
[3] output
<url string>
<user name>
<API token>
also configparser's methods is useful
whey you can't guarantee config file is always complete

You have a couple of great answers already, but I wanted to step back and provide some guidance on how you might approach these problems in the future. Getting quick answers sometimes prevents you from understanding how those people knew about the answers in the first place.
When you zoom out, the first thing that strikes me is that your task is to provide config, using a file, to your program. Software has the remarkable property of solve-once, use-anywhere. Config files have been a problem worth solving for at least 40 years, so you can bet your bottom dollar you don't need to solve this yourself. And already-solved means someone has already figured out all the little off-by-one and edge-case dramas like stripping line endings and dealing with expected input. The challenge of course, is knowing what solution already exists. If you haven't spent 40 years peeling back the covers of computers to see how they tick, it's difficult to "just know". So you might have a poke around on Google for "config file format" or something.
That would lead you to one of the most prevalent config file systems on the planet - the INI file. Just as useful now as it was 30 years ago, and as a bonus, looks not too dissimilar to your example config file. Then you might search for "read INI file in Python" or something, and come across configparser and you're basically done.
Or you might see that sometime in the last 30 years, YAML became the more trendy option, and wouldn't you know it, PyYAML will do most of the work for you.
But none of this gets you any better at using Python to extract from text files in general. So zooming in a bit, you want to know how to extract parts of lines in a text file. Again, this problem is an age-old problem, and if you were to learn about this problem (rather than just be handed the solution), you would learn that this is called parsing and often involves tokenisation. If you do some research on, say "parsing a text file in python" for example, you would learn about the general techniques that work regardless of the language, such as looping over lines and splitting each one in turn.
Zooming in one more step closer, you're looking to strip the new line off the end of the string so it doesn't get included in your value. Once again, this ain't a new problem, and with the right keywords you could dig up the well-trodden solutions. This is often called "chomping" or "stripping", and with some careful search terms, you'd find rstrip() and friends, and not have to do awkward things like splitting on the '\n' character.
Your final question is about re-using the match object. This is much harder to research. But again, the "solution" wont necessarily show you where you went wrong. What you need to keep in mind is that the statements in the for loop are sequential. To think them through you should literally execute them in your mind, one after one, and imagine what's happening. Each time you call match, it either returns None or a Match object. You never use the object, except to check for truthiness in the if statement. And next time you call match, you do so with different arguments so you get a new Match object (or None). Therefore, you don't need to keep the object around at all. You can simply do:
if match('jira_url:', line):
jira_url = line[9:].split("\n")[0]
if match('auth_user:', line):
auth_user = line[10:].split("\n")[0]
and so on. Not only that, if the first if triggered then you don't need to bother calling match again - it will certainly not trigger any of other matches for the same line. So you could do:
if match('jira_url:', line):
jira_url = line[9:].rstrip()
elif match('auth_user:', line):
auth_user = line[10:].rstrip()
and so on.
But then you can start to think - why bother doing all these matches on the colon, only to then manually split the string at the colon afterwards? You could just do:
tokens = line.rstrip().split(':')
if token[0] == 'jira_url':
jira_url = token[1]
elif token[0] == 'auth_user':
auth_user = token[1]
If you keep making these improvements (and there's lots more to make!), eventually you'll end up re-writing configparse, but at least you'll have learned why it's often a good idea to use an existing library where practical!

Python Variable For Get Request?

I am trying to move over some API calls I had working over to python from postman, I am having some issues making a variable callable by my next get request. I've found a few things while searching but never found a 100% answer on how to call the environment variable in the get request...is it correct to use the {{TEST}} to call that var. Example below.
Test = Myaccoount
Json_Response_Test = requests.get('https://thisisjustatesttoaccessmyaccount/{{Test}}')
How can I carry over Test into the request?

Your code will almost work as you have it if you use the feature of newer version of Python called "format strings". These are denoted by a f at the beginning of the string. This works like this in such versions of Python:
Test = Myaccoount
Json_Response_Test = requests.get(f'https://thisisjustatesttoaccessmyaccount/{Test}')
as long as Myaccoount is a valid value that can be expanded by Python into the format string.
If you're using an older version of Python, you could do something like this:
Test = Myaccoount
Json_Response_Test = requests.get('https://thisisjustatesttoaccessmyaccount/{}'.format(Test))
BTW, it's not good form to use uppercase first character names for variables. The convention is to use uppercase only for class and type names, and use lowercase for variable and field names.

Maya Python, Renaming joints: more than one object matches name

Ok, so I get two errors whenever I try to run this script: but before I get ahead of myself: lets get to my objective.
create two joint chains, names are unimportant: but essentially I know that you can use brackets to list and isolate joint chains with matching children names. Instead my script seems to be ignoring the brackets and giving me the error anyways. I've tried every different flag for list relatives: but all that seems to do is change the error to something else.
I know that if this script was properly working it would only work on one joint chain because of the hardcoded names: but the script I'm pulling it from has name prefexes tied to the GUI to avoid hardcoding and allow adaptive naming: I'm only using the hardcoded as an example for this script. My complaint is this script doesn't work on ANY joint chain because I keep getting the error "more than one object matches name."
To run the script,save the following code as a .py in your maya documents script folder, restart your copy of maya, then open a new python tab and run the first three lines of code above import maya.cmds
'''
import exampleScriptTemplate
reload (exampleScriptTemplate)
exampleScriptTemplate.gui()
'''
import maya.cmds as cmds
if cmds.window("buildWin", exists =True):
cmds.deleteUI("buildWin", window = True)
myWindow = cmds.window("buildWin",t='DS_pvFinder',rtf=1,w=100, h=100, toolbox=True)
column = cmds.columnLayout(adj=True)
def gui(*args):
cmds.columnLayout()
cmds.button(w=300,label='build placement curve',c=printMultiple)
cmds.showWindow(myWindow)
def printMultiple(*args):
root = cmds.ls(sl=True)[0]
child = cmds.listRelatives(root,ad=1,f=True,children=True,type='joint')
child.append(root)
child.reverse()
limbJnt = child
print (child)
armroot = []
for j in limbJnt:
wstJnt = cmds.rename(child[3], 'wrist_BIND')
elbJnt = cmds.rename(child[2], 'elbow_BIND')
sdrJnt = cmds.rename(child[1], 'shoulder_BIND')
clvJnt = cmds.rename(child[0], 'clavicle_BIND')
armroot.append(j)
return armroot
I know I'm in the right ballpark. I just need to know how to properly use the brackets to store the list of what i'm selecting instead of searching all of worldspace and breaking.
Thank you for your help

The code you provided is incomplete, no window is opening, so I tried only the printMultiple function which causes a Error: No object matches name in my case.
Your code cannot work like this since you mix hardcoded names with a loop which does nothing. I suppose your main problem is the order of your renamings. The child array contains absolute names like:
[u'joint1', u'|joint1|joint2', u'|joint1|joint2|joint3']
If you now rename child[0] to 'clavicle_BIND', all the remaining elements in the list become invalid because their real names in the scene now look like this:
[u'clavicle_BIND', u'|clavicle_BIND|joint2', u'|clavicle_BIND|joint2|joint3']
What results in an error at the second rename line. Inverting the order sovles this problem, first rename the leaf node, then the ones above.

Strip prefix from all variable names in SPSS

I have a similar question as asked here (Strip suffix from all variable names in SPSS) and the answers there already helped a lot but there is still one question remaining.
I have a dataset in which every variable name has the prefix "v23_1_". I want to remove this prefix from all variables, but there are hundreds of them, so I am looking for a way to do it without using the RENAME statement hundreds of times.
I used this code:
begin program.
vdict=spssaux.VariableDict()
mylist=vdict.range(start="v23_1_dg_mnpdocid", end="v23_1_phq9t0_asku3t0")
nvars = len(mylist)
for i in range(nvars):
myvar = mylist[i]
mynewvar = myvar.strip("v23_1_")
spss.Submit(r"""
rename variables ( %s = %s) .
""" %(myvar, mynewvar))
end program.
Here is a list of the first few variables:
v23_1_dg_mnppusid
v23_1_dg_sigstatus
v23_1_dg_mnpvsno
v23_1_dg_mnpvslbl
v23_1_dg_mnpcvpid
v23_1_dg_mnpvisid
v23_1_dg_mnpvisno
v23_1_dg_mnpvispdt
v23_1_dg_mnpvisfdt
v23_1_dg_mnpfs0
v23_1_dg_mnpfs1
v23_1_dg_mnpfs2
v23_1_dg_mnpfs3
v23_1_dg_mnpfcs0
v23_1_dg_mnpfcs1
v23_1_dg_mnpfcs2
It worked ok for the first variables but then stopped with the message "renaming has created two variables named dg_mnpfs". But the next variable would after stripping has the name "dg_mnpfs2". What has happened is that the 1 at the end in "v23_1_dg_mnpfs1" gets deleted too. And then it propbably intends to also delete the 2 at the end in "v23_1_dg_mnpfs2", which will then lead to the same variable. I don't understand why this is happening and how I can avoid it.
Thanks a lot for your support!
Kind regards,
Beate

As you syntax looks right now, it will run on a variable-by-variable basis. You are submitting/running the RENAME VARIABLES command as many times as the number of variables in your list.
On one hand, this is in-efficient, as it takes longer to run than what I am suggesting below.
On the other (and more important) hand, doing it variable by variable, does not guard against duplicate variables. I am guessing that you already have in your datafile a variable named dg_mnpfs, and you are attempting to create a new one by renaming v23_1_dg_mnpfs. Just check your datafile, after your python code breaks.
A more efficient way of writing you code would be to create lists with the old names, and new names, and submit the syntax with only one command.
begin program.
import spss,spssaux
vdict=spssaux.VariableDict()
mylist=vdict.range(start="v23_1_dg_mnpdocid", end="v23_1_phq9t0_asku3t0")
nvars = len(mylist)
my_new_list=[]
for i in range(nvars):
myvar = mylist[i]
mynewvar = myvar.strip("v23_1_")
my_new_list.append(mynewvar)
my_syntax="ren var (" + " ".join(mylist) + "=" + " ".join(my_new_list) +")."
spss.Submit(my_syntax)
end program.
And one more thing: the strip function removes the text from both ends of the variables. If you only want to remove the prefix, consider using lstrip. Details can be found here, in the official documentation.

Here's a version of the process using SPSS macro. Using SPSSINC SELECT VARIABLES lets you get the whole list of all relevant variables, whatever order they are in, without naming them in the command:
*this is just to create a sample data to play with.
data list list/v23_1_var1 to v23_1_var6.
begin data
end data.
The following creates a list of the relevant variables:
SPSSINC SELECT VARIABLES MACRONAME="!list" /PROPERTIES PATTERN = "v23_1_*".
* the following macro creates one rename command for all the list.
define !doRename ()
rename variables (!eval(!list)=!do !i !in(!eval(!list)) !substr(!i, 7) !doend).
!enddefine.
!doRename .

How to insert values inside latex document using python script?

I have latex document in which there are various fields and there values are to be generated dynamically. So, what i am planning is to have python script which will generate values related to field and then insert it inside the latex document. The document looks as follows:
Project = ABC
Version = 1.0.0
Date = xyz
Now the values of project , version and date are to be filled by using python script. So, please help me how can i have the values inside latex document. I searched and have got generating the whole latex document from python but i want the two processes to be seperate. So, please help. I have with me the latex document code so, i realy don't want to play around with the code as its completly new to me, i just want to feed values inside the various fields using python.

If I understand your intention, I would just replace the values within the LaTeX source by named variables, such as $project instead of ABC, $version instead of 1.0.0 etc. Then you can run the following Python script to substitute these named variables by their actual values. This assumes that the LaTeX source doesn't contain other occurrences of text conflicting with the variable syntax $xy. If it is not the case, other syntax can be chosen.
You didn't specify how you get the values into the python program. Here I assume you can define them statically within the python code.
The program will fail when an undefined variable name (not present in the dictionary) is found within the source file. It could also be changed to leave such text unchanged or replace it by empty string depending on your needs.
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import re
variables = {
'project': 'ABC',
'version': '1.0.0',
'date': 'xyz',
}
def run(args):
if len(args) == 1:
filename = args[0]
else:
sys.stderr.write("Filename must be passed as argument.\n")
sys.exit(1)
regex = re.compile(r"\$([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z_]*)")
with open(filename) as f:
for line in f:
sys.stdout.write(regex.sub(lambda m: variables[m.group(1)], line))
if __name__ == '__main__':
run(sys.argv[1:])