Develop Reference

How to combine 2 dataframe histograms in 1 plot?

I would like to use a code that shows all histograms in a dataframe. That will be df.hist(bins=10). However, I would like to add another histograms which shows CDF df_hist=df.hist(cumulative=True,bins=100,density=1,histtype="step")
I tried separating their matplotlib axes by using fig=plt.figure() and
plt.subplot(211). But this df.hist is actually part of pandas function, not matplotlib function. I also tried setting axes and adding ax=ax1 and ax2 options to each histogram but it didn't work.
How can I combine these histograms together?
Any help?
Histograms that I want to combine are like these. I want to show them side by side or put the second one on tip of the first one.
Sorry that I didn't care to make them look good.

It is possible to draw them together:
# toy data frame
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.normal(0,1,(100,20)))
# draw hist
fig, axes = plt.subplots(5,4, figsize=(16,10))
df.plot(kind='hist', subplots=True, ax=axes, alpha=0.5)
# clone axes so they have different scales
ax_new = [ax.twinx() for ax in axes.flatten()]
df.plot(kind='kde', ax=ax_new, subplots=True)
plt.show()
Output:
It's also possible to draw them side-by-side. For example
fig, axes = plt.subplots(10,4, figsize=(16,10))
hist_axes = axes.flatten()[:20]
df.plot(kind='hist', subplots=True, ax=hist_axes, alpha=0.5)
kde_axes = axes.flatten()[20:]
df.plot(kind='kde', subplots=True, ax=kde_axes, alpha=0.5)
will plot hist on top of kde.

You can find more info here: Multiple histograms in Pandas (possible duplicate btw) but apparently Pandas cannot handle multiple histogram on same graphs.
It's ok because np.histogram and matplotlib.pyplot can, check the above link for a more complete answer.

Solution for overlapping histograms with df.hist with any number of subplots
You can combine two dataframe histogram figures by creating twin axes using the grid of axes returned by df.hist. Here is an example of normal histograms combined with cumulative step histograms where the size of the figure and the layout of the grid of subplots are taken care of automatically:
import numpy as np # v 1.19.2
import pandas as pd # v 1.1.3
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # v 3.3.2
# Create sample dataset stored in a pandas dataframe
rng = np.random.default_rng(seed=1) # random number generator
letters = [chr(i) for i in range(ord('A'), ord('G')+1)]
df = pd.DataFrame(rng.exponential(1, size=(100, len(letters))), columns=letters)
# Set parameters for figure dimensions and grid layout
nplots = df.columns.size
ncols = 3
nrows = int(np.ceil(nplots/ncols))
subp_w = 10/ncols # 10 is the total figure width in inches
subp_h = 0.75*subp_w
bins = 10
# Plot grid of histograms with pandas function (with a shared y-axis)
grid = df.hist(grid=False, sharey=True, figsize=(ncols*subp_w, nrows*subp_h),
layout=(nrows, ncols), bins=bins, edgecolor='white', linewidth=0.5)
# Create list of twin axes containing second y-axis: note that due to the
# layout, the grid object may contain extra unused axes that are not shown
# (here in the H and I positions). The ax parameter of df.hist only accepts
# a number of axes that corresponds to the number of numerical variables
# in df, which is why the flattened array of grid axes is sliced here.
grid_twinx = [ax.twinx() for ax in grid.flat[:nplots]]
# Plot cumulative step histograms over normal histograms: note that the grid layout is
# preserved in grid_twinx so no need to set the layout parameter a second time here.
df.hist(ax=grid_twinx, histtype='step', bins=bins, cumulative=True, density=True,
color='tab:orange', linewidth=2, grid=False)
# Adjust space between subplots after generating twin axes
plt.gcf().subplots_adjust(wspace=0.4, hspace=0.4)
plt.show()
Solution for displaying histograms of different types side-by-side with matplotlib
To my knowledge, it is not possible to show the different types of plots side-by-side with df.hist. You need to create the figure from scratch, like in this example using the same dataset as before:
# Set parameters for figure dimensions and grid layout
nvars = df.columns.size
plot_types = 2 # normal histogram and cumulative step histogram
ncols_vars = 2
nrows = int(np.ceil(nvars/ncols_vars))
subp_w = 10/(plot_types*ncols_vars) # 10 is the total figure width in inches
subp_h = 0.75*subp_w
bins = 10
# Create figure with appropriate size
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(plot_types*ncols_vars*subp_w, nrows*subp_h))
fig.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.4, hspace=0.7)
# Create subplots by adding a new axes per type of plot for each variable
# and create lists of axes of normal histograms and their y-axis limits
axs_hist = []
axs_hist_ylims = []
for idx, var in enumerate(df.columns):
axh = fig.add_subplot(nrows, plot_types*ncols_vars, idx*plot_types+1)
axh.hist(df[var], bins=bins, edgecolor='white', linewidth=0.5)
axh.set_title(f'{var} - Histogram', size=11)
axs_hist.append(axh)
axs_hist_ylims.append(axh.get_ylim())
axc = fig.add_subplot(nrows, plot_types*ncols_vars, idx*plot_types+2)
axc.hist(df[var], bins=bins, density=True, cumulative=True,
histtype='step', color='tab:orange', linewidth=2)
axc.set_title(f'{var} - Cumulative step hist.', size=11)
# Set shared y-axis for histograms
for ax in axs_hist:
ax.set_ylim(max(axs_hist_ylims))
plt.show()

Seaborn: add counts to countplot? [duplicate]

I have a Pandas DataFrame with a column called "AXLES", which can take an integer value between 3-12. I am trying to use Seaborn's countplot() option to achieve the following plot:
left y axis shows the frequencies of these values occurring in the data. The axis extends are [0%-100%], tick marks at every 10%.
right y axis shows the actual counts, values correspond to tick marks determined by the left y axis (marked at every 10%.)
x axis shows the categories for the bar plots [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12].
Annotation on top of the bars show the actual percentage of that category.
The following code gives me the plot below, with actual counts, but I could not find a way to convert them into frequencies. I can get the frequencies using df.AXLES.value_counts()/len(df.index) but I am not sure about how to plug this information into Seaborn's countplot().
I also found a workaround for the annotations, but I am not sure if that is the best implementation.
Any help would be appreciated!
Thanks
plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
ax = sns.countplot(x="AXLES", data=dfWIM, order=[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12])
plt.title('Distribution of Truck Configurations')
plt.xlabel('Number of Axles')
plt.ylabel('Frequency [%]')
for p in ax.patches:
ax.annotate('%{:.1f}'.format(p.get_height()), (p.get_x()+0.1, p.get_height()+50))
EDIT:
I got closer to what I need with the following code, using Pandas' bar plot, ditching Seaborn. Feels like I'm using so many workarounds, and there has to be an easier way to do it. The issues with this approach:
There is no order keyword in Pandas' bar plot function as Seaborn's countplot() has, so I cannot plot all categories from 3-12 as I did in the countplot(). I need to have them shown even if there is no data in that category.
The secondary y-axis messes up the bars and the annotation for some reason (see the white gridlines drawn over the text and bars).
plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
plt.title('Distribution of Truck Configurations')
plt.xlabel('Number of Axles')
plt.ylabel('Frequency [%]')
ax = (dfWIM.AXLES.value_counts()/len(df)*100).sort_index().plot(kind="bar", rot=0)
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(0, 110, 10))
ax2 = ax.twinx()
ax2.set_yticks(np.arange(0, 110, 10)*len(df)/100)
for p in ax.patches:
ax.annotate('{:.2f}%'.format(p.get_height()), (p.get_x()+0.15, p.get_height()+1))

You can do this by making a twinx axes for the frequencies. You can switch the two y axes around so the frequencies stay on the left and the counts on the right, but without having to recalculate the counts axis (here we use tick_left() and tick_right() to move the ticks and set_label_position to move the axis labels
You can then set the ticks using the matplotlib.ticker module, specifically ticker.MultipleLocator and ticker.LinearLocator.
As for your annotations, you can get the x and y locations for all 4 corners of the bar with patch.get_bbox().get_points(). This, along with setting the horizontal and vertical alignment correctly, means you don't need to add any arbitrary offsets to the annotation location.
Finally, you need to turn the grid off for the twinned axis, to prevent grid lines showing up on top of the bars (ax2.grid(None))
Here is a working script:
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.ticker as ticker
# Some random data
dfWIM = pd.DataFrame({'AXLES': np.random.normal(8, 2, 5000).astype(int)})
ncount = len(dfWIM)
plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
ax = sns.countplot(x="AXLES", data=dfWIM, order=[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12])
plt.title('Distribution of Truck Configurations')
plt.xlabel('Number of Axles')
# Make twin axis
ax2=ax.twinx()
# Switch so count axis is on right, frequency on left
ax2.yaxis.tick_left()
ax.yaxis.tick_right()
# Also switch the labels over
ax.yaxis.set_label_position('right')
ax2.yaxis.set_label_position('left')
ax2.set_ylabel('Frequency [%]')
for p in ax.patches:
x=p.get_bbox().get_points()[:,0]
y=p.get_bbox().get_points()[1,1]
ax.annotate('{:.1f}%'.format(100.*y/ncount), (x.mean(), y),
ha='center', va='bottom') # set the alignment of the text
# Use a LinearLocator to ensure the correct number of ticks
ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(ticker.LinearLocator(11))
# Fix the frequency range to 0-100
ax2.set_ylim(0,100)
ax.set_ylim(0,ncount)
# And use a MultipleLocator to ensure a tick spacing of 10
ax2.yaxis.set_major_locator(ticker.MultipleLocator(10))
# Need to turn the grid on ax2 off, otherwise the gridlines end up on top of the bars
ax2.grid(None)
plt.savefig('snscounter.pdf')

I got it to work using core matplotlib's bar plot. I didn't have your data obviously, but adapting it to yours should be straight forward.
Approach
I used matplotlib's twin axis and plotted the data as bars on the second Axes object. The rest ist just some fiddeling around to get the ticks right and make annotations.
Hope this helps.
Code
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import seaborn as sns
tot = np.random.rand( 1 ) * 100
data = np.random.rand( 1, 12 )
data = data / sum(data,1) * tot
df = pd.DataFrame( data )
palette = sns.husl_palette(9, s=0.7 )
### Left Axis
# Plot nothing here, autmatically scales to second axis.
fig, ax1 = plt.subplots()
ax1.set_ylim( [0,100] )
# Remove grid lines.
ax1.grid( False )
# Set ticks and add percentage sign.
ax1.yaxis.set_ticks( np.arange(0,101,10) )
fmt = '%.0f%%'
yticks = matplotlib.ticker.FormatStrFormatter( fmt )
ax1.yaxis.set_major_formatter( yticks )
### Right Axis
# Plot data as bars.
x = np.arange(0,9,1)
ax2 = ax1.twinx()
rects = ax2.bar( x-0.4, np.asarray(df.loc[0,3:]), width=0.8 )
# Set ticks on x-axis and remove grid lines.
ax2.set_xlim( [-0.5,8.5] )
ax2.xaxis.set_ticks( x )
ax2.xaxis.grid( False )
# Set ticks on y-axis in 10% steps.
ax2.set_ylim( [0,tot] )
ax2.yaxis.set_ticks( np.linspace( 0, tot, 11 ) )
# Add labels and change colors.
for i,r in enumerate(rects):
h = r.get_height()
r.set_color( palette[ i % len(palette) ] )
ax2.text( r.get_x() + r.get_width()/2.0, \
h + 0.01*tot, \
r'%d%%'%int(100*h/tot), ha = 'center' )

I think you can first set the y major ticks manually and then modify each label
dfWIM = pd.DataFrame({'AXLES': np.random.randint(3, 10, 1000)})
total = len(dfWIM)*1.
plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
ax = sns.countplot(x="AXLES", data=dfWIM, order=[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12])
plt.title('Distribution of Truck Configurations')
plt.xlabel('Number of Axles')
plt.ylabel('Frequency [%]')
for p in ax.patches:
ax.annotate('{:.1f}%'.format(100*p.get_height()/total), (p.get_x()+0.1, p.get_height()+5))
#put 11 ticks (therefore 10 steps), from 0 to the total number of rows in the dataframe
ax.yaxis.set_ticks(np.linspace(0, total, 11))
#adjust the ticklabel to the desired format, without changing the position of the ticks.
_ = ax.set_yticklabels(map('{:.1f}%'.format, 100*ax.yaxis.get_majorticklocs()/total))

Python barchart overlapping vertical bars

I have two graphs that share the same x-axis. They are both time series with 2880 times (4 months with hourly data). I have an array with the values of precipitation for every hour (2880). I want to overlay this data via a vertical bar chart over the first graph, so that the bars width is equivalent to 1 hr and centered over the corresponding hour.
My issue is that the widths of the bars are too wide and overlap with each other. I have tried changing the width option to width=1/24 in the plot with no success (bars don't appear at all). Here is a snippet of the code where I do not set the width at all.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.dates import DateFormatter
import matplotlib.dates as mdates
import datetime
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
t = np.arange(datetime.datetime(2010,1,01,0), datetime.datetime(2010,5,01,0),datetime.timedelta(hours=1)).astype(datetime.datetime)
stn_temp = np.random.rand(2880)
model_temp = stn_temp-0.2
stn_rh = np.random.randint(0,100,2880)
model_rh = stn_rh -1
fig, (ax1,ax2) = plt.subplots(2,1,sharex=True)
ax1.plot(t,stn_temp,'r',linewidth=0.3)
ax1.plot(t,model_temp,'k',linewidth=0.3)
minor_ticks_temp = np.arange(min(stn_temp),max(stn_temp),1)
ax1.set_yticks(minor_ticks_temp, minor=True)
myFmt = mdates.DateFormatter('%m-%d')
ax1.xaxis.set_major_formatter(myFmt)
ax1.legend(loc=0)
ax1.set_ylabel('2 m Temperature ($^\circ$C)')
ax1 = ax1.twinx()
ax1.bar(t,prec,alpha=0.7,color='g')
ax1.set_ylabel('Accumulated \n Precipitation (mm)')
ax2.plot(t,stn_RH,'b',linewidth=0.3)
ax2.plot(t,rh,'k',linewidth=0.3)
ax2.set_ylim([0,100.5])
ax2.set_ylabel('Relative Humidity (%)')
fig.tight_layout()
The widths of the bars should be a lot smaller, only the width of an hour. This image is a zoomed in version to show the bar width issue.

Seaborn plot adds extra zeroes to x axis time-stamp labels

I am trying to plot the below dataset as barplot cum pointplot using seaborn.
But the time-stamp in the x-axis labels shows additional zeroes at the end as shown below
The code I use is
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
fig, ax1 = plt.subplots()
# Plot the barplot
sns.barplot(x='Date', y=y_value, hue='Sentiment', data=mergedData1, ax=ax1)
# Assign y axis label for bar plot
ax1.set_ylabel('No of Feeds')
# Position the legen on the right side outside the box
plt.legend(loc=2, bbox_to_anchor=(1.1, 1), ncol=1)
# Create a dual axis
ax2 = ax1.twinx()
# Plot the ponitplot
sns.pointplot(x='Date', y='meanTRP', data=mergedData1, ax=ax2, color='r')
# Assign y axis label for point plot
ax2.set_ylabel('TRP')
# Hide the grid for secondary axis
ax2.grid(False)
# Give a chart title
plt.title(source+' Social Media Feeds & TRP for the show '+show)
# Automatically align the x axis labels
fig.autofmt_xdate()
fig.tight_layout()
Not sure what is going wrong. Please help me with this. Thanks

Easiest solution is to split the text at the letter "T" as the rest is probably not needed.
ax.set_xticklabels([t.get_text().split("T")[0] for t in ax.get_xticklabels()])

You can still have more control over date format with this code:
ax.set_xticklabels([pd.to_datetime(tm).strftime('%d-%m-%Y') for tm in ax.get_xticklabels()])

Creating a percentage countplot in python with pandas [duplicate]

I have a Pandas DataFrame with a column called "AXLES", which can take an integer value between 3-12. I am trying to use Seaborn's countplot() option to achieve the following plot:
left y axis shows the frequencies of these values occurring in the data. The axis extends are [0%-100%], tick marks at every 10%.
right y axis shows the actual counts, values correspond to tick marks determined by the left y axis (marked at every 10%.)
x axis shows the categories for the bar plots [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12].
Annotation on top of the bars show the actual percentage of that category.
The following code gives me the plot below, with actual counts, but I could not find a way to convert them into frequencies. I can get the frequencies using df.AXLES.value_counts()/len(df.index) but I am not sure about how to plug this information into Seaborn's countplot().
I also found a workaround for the annotations, but I am not sure if that is the best implementation.
Any help would be appreciated!
Thanks
plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
ax = sns.countplot(x="AXLES", data=dfWIM, order=[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12])
plt.title('Distribution of Truck Configurations')
plt.xlabel('Number of Axles')
plt.ylabel('Frequency [%]')
for p in ax.patches:
ax.annotate('%{:.1f}'.format(p.get_height()), (p.get_x()+0.1, p.get_height()+50))
EDIT:
I got closer to what I need with the following code, using Pandas' bar plot, ditching Seaborn. Feels like I'm using so many workarounds, and there has to be an easier way to do it. The issues with this approach:
There is no order keyword in Pandas' bar plot function as Seaborn's countplot() has, so I cannot plot all categories from 3-12 as I did in the countplot(). I need to have them shown even if there is no data in that category.
The secondary y-axis messes up the bars and the annotation for some reason (see the white gridlines drawn over the text and bars).
plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
plt.title('Distribution of Truck Configurations')
plt.xlabel('Number of Axles')
plt.ylabel('Frequency [%]')
ax = (dfWIM.AXLES.value_counts()/len(df)*100).sort_index().plot(kind="bar", rot=0)
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(0, 110, 10))
ax2 = ax.twinx()
ax2.set_yticks(np.arange(0, 110, 10)*len(df)/100)
for p in ax.patches:
ax.annotate('{:.2f}%'.format(p.get_height()), (p.get_x()+0.15, p.get_height()+1))

You can do this by making a twinx axes for the frequencies. You can switch the two y axes around so the frequencies stay on the left and the counts on the right, but without having to recalculate the counts axis (here we use tick_left() and tick_right() to move the ticks and set_label_position to move the axis labels
You can then set the ticks using the matplotlib.ticker module, specifically ticker.MultipleLocator and ticker.LinearLocator.
As for your annotations, you can get the x and y locations for all 4 corners of the bar with patch.get_bbox().get_points(). This, along with setting the horizontal and vertical alignment correctly, means you don't need to add any arbitrary offsets to the annotation location.
Finally, you need to turn the grid off for the twinned axis, to prevent grid lines showing up on top of the bars (ax2.grid(None))
Here is a working script:
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.ticker as ticker
# Some random data
dfWIM = pd.DataFrame({'AXLES': np.random.normal(8, 2, 5000).astype(int)})
ncount = len(dfWIM)
plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
ax = sns.countplot(x="AXLES", data=dfWIM, order=[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12])
plt.title('Distribution of Truck Configurations')
plt.xlabel('Number of Axles')
# Make twin axis
ax2=ax.twinx()
# Switch so count axis is on right, frequency on left
ax2.yaxis.tick_left()
ax.yaxis.tick_right()
# Also switch the labels over
ax.yaxis.set_label_position('right')
ax2.yaxis.set_label_position('left')
ax2.set_ylabel('Frequency [%]')
for p in ax.patches:
x=p.get_bbox().get_points()[:,0]
y=p.get_bbox().get_points()[1,1]
ax.annotate('{:.1f}%'.format(100.*y/ncount), (x.mean(), y),
ha='center', va='bottom') # set the alignment of the text
# Use a LinearLocator to ensure the correct number of ticks
ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(ticker.LinearLocator(11))
# Fix the frequency range to 0-100
ax2.set_ylim(0,100)
ax.set_ylim(0,ncount)
# And use a MultipleLocator to ensure a tick spacing of 10
ax2.yaxis.set_major_locator(ticker.MultipleLocator(10))
# Need to turn the grid on ax2 off, otherwise the gridlines end up on top of the bars
ax2.grid(None)
plt.savefig('snscounter.pdf')

I got it to work using core matplotlib's bar plot. I didn't have your data obviously, but adapting it to yours should be straight forward.
Approach
I used matplotlib's twin axis and plotted the data as bars on the second Axes object. The rest ist just some fiddeling around to get the ticks right and make annotations.
Hope this helps.
Code
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import seaborn as sns
tot = np.random.rand( 1 ) * 100
data = np.random.rand( 1, 12 )
data = data / sum(data,1) * tot
df = pd.DataFrame( data )
palette = sns.husl_palette(9, s=0.7 )
### Left Axis
# Plot nothing here, autmatically scales to second axis.
fig, ax1 = plt.subplots()
ax1.set_ylim( [0,100] )
# Remove grid lines.
ax1.grid( False )
# Set ticks and add percentage sign.
ax1.yaxis.set_ticks( np.arange(0,101,10) )
fmt = '%.0f%%'
yticks = matplotlib.ticker.FormatStrFormatter( fmt )
ax1.yaxis.set_major_formatter( yticks )
### Right Axis
# Plot data as bars.
x = np.arange(0,9,1)
ax2 = ax1.twinx()
rects = ax2.bar( x-0.4, np.asarray(df.loc[0,3:]), width=0.8 )
# Set ticks on x-axis and remove grid lines.
ax2.set_xlim( [-0.5,8.5] )
ax2.xaxis.set_ticks( x )
ax2.xaxis.grid( False )
# Set ticks on y-axis in 10% steps.
ax2.set_ylim( [0,tot] )
ax2.yaxis.set_ticks( np.linspace( 0, tot, 11 ) )
# Add labels and change colors.
for i,r in enumerate(rects):
h = r.get_height()
r.set_color( palette[ i % len(palette) ] )
ax2.text( r.get_x() + r.get_width()/2.0, \
h + 0.01*tot, \
r'%d%%'%int(100*h/tot), ha = 'center' )

I think you can first set the y major ticks manually and then modify each label
dfWIM = pd.DataFrame({'AXLES': np.random.randint(3, 10, 1000)})
total = len(dfWIM)*1.
plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
ax = sns.countplot(x="AXLES", data=dfWIM, order=[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12])
plt.title('Distribution of Truck Configurations')
plt.xlabel('Number of Axles')
plt.ylabel('Frequency [%]')
for p in ax.patches:
ax.annotate('{:.1f}%'.format(100*p.get_height()/total), (p.get_x()+0.1, p.get_height()+5))
#put 11 ticks (therefore 10 steps), from 0 to the total number of rows in the dataframe
ax.yaxis.set_ticks(np.linspace(0, total, 11))
#adjust the ticklabel to the desired format, without changing the position of the ticks.
_ = ax.set_yticklabels(map('{:.1f}%'.format, 100*ax.yaxis.get_majorticklocs()/total))