I'm performing a simple task of uploading a file using Python requests library. I searched Stack Overflow and no one seemed to have the same problem, namely, that the file is not received by the server:
import requests
url='http://nesssi.cacr.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/getmulticonedb_release2.cgi/post'
files={'files': open('file.txt','rb')}
values={'upload_file' : 'file.txt' , 'DB':'photcat' , 'OUT':'csv' , 'SHORT':'short'}
r=requests.post(url,files=files,data=values)
I'm filling the value of 'upload_file' keyword with my filename, because if I leave it blank, it says
Error - You must select a file to upload!
And now I get
File file.txt of size bytes is uploaded successfully!
Query service results: There were 0 lines.
Which comes up only if the file is empty. So I'm stuck as to how to send my file successfully. I know that the file works because if I go to this website and manually fill in the form it returns a nice list of matched objects, which is what I'm after. I'd really appreciate all hints.
Some other threads related (but not answering my problem):
Send file using POST from a Python script
http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/quickstart/#response-content
Uploading files using requests and send extra data
http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/advanced/#body-content-workflow
If upload_file is meant to be the file, use:
files = {'upload_file': open('file.txt','rb')}
values = {'DB': 'photcat', 'OUT': 'csv', 'SHORT': 'short'}
r = requests.post(url, files=files, data=values)
and requests will send a multi-part form POST body with the upload_file field set to the contents of the file.txt file.
The filename will be included in the mime header for the specific field:
>>> import requests
>>> open('file.txt', 'wb') # create an empty demo file
<_io.BufferedWriter name='file.txt'>
>>> files = {'upload_file': open('file.txt', 'rb')}
>>> print(requests.Request('POST', 'http://example.com', files=files).prepare().body.decode('ascii'))
--c226ce13d09842658ffbd31e0563c6bd
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="upload_file"; filename="file.txt"
--c226ce13d09842658ffbd31e0563c6bd--
Note the filename="file.txt" parameter.
You can use a tuple for the files mapping value, with between 2 and 4 elements, if you need more control. The first element is the filename, followed by the contents, and an optional content-type header value and an optional mapping of additional headers:
files = {'upload_file': ('foobar.txt', open('file.txt','rb'), 'text/x-spam')}
This sets an alternative filename and content type, leaving out the optional headers.
If you are meaning the whole POST body to be taken from a file (with no other fields specified), then don't use the files parameter, just post the file directly as data. You then may want to set a Content-Type header too, as none will be set otherwise. See Python requests - POST data from a file.
(2018) the new python requests library has simplified this process, we can use the 'files' variable to signal that we want to upload a multipart-encoded file
url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)
r.text
Client Upload
If you want to upload a single file with Python requests library, then requests lib supports streaming uploads, which allow you to send large files or streams without reading into memory.
with open('massive-body', 'rb') as f:
requests.post('http://some.url/streamed', data=f)
Server Side
Then store the file on the server.py side such that save the stream into file without loading into the memory. Following is an example with using Flask file uploads.
#app.route("/upload", methods=['POST'])
def upload_file():
from werkzeug.datastructures import FileStorage
FileStorage(request.stream).save(os.path.join(app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'], filename))
return 'OK', 200
Or use werkzeug Form Data Parsing as mentioned in a fix for the issue of "large file uploads eating up memory" in order to avoid using memory inefficiently on large files upload (s.t. 22 GiB file in ~60 seconds. Memory usage is constant at about 13 MiB.).
#app.route("/upload", methods=['POST'])
def upload_file():
def custom_stream_factory(total_content_length, filename, content_type, content_length=None):
import tempfile
tmpfile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile('wb+', prefix='flaskapp', suffix='.nc')
app.logger.info("start receiving file ... filename => " + str(tmpfile.name))
return tmpfile
import werkzeug, flask
stream, form, files = werkzeug.formparser.parse_form_data(flask.request.environ, stream_factory=custom_stream_factory)
for fil in files.values():
app.logger.info(" ".join(["saved form name", fil.name, "submitted as", fil.filename, "to temporary file", fil.stream.name]))
# Do whatever with stored file at `fil.stream.name`
return 'OK', 200
You can send any file via post api while calling the API just need to mention files={'any_key': fobj}
import requests
import json
url = "https://request-url.com"
headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json; charset=utf-8"}
with open(filepath, 'rb') as fobj:
response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, files={'file': fobj})
print("Status Code", response.status_code)
print("JSON Response ", response.json())
#martijn-pieters answer is correct, however I wanted to add a bit of context to data= and also to the other side, in the Flask server, in the case where you are trying to upload files and a JSON.
From the request side, this works as Martijn describes:
files = {'upload_file': open('file.txt','rb')}
values = {'DB': 'photcat', 'OUT': 'csv', 'SHORT': 'short'}
r = requests.post(url, files=files, data=values)
However, on the Flask side (the receiving webserver on the other side of this POST), I had to use form
#app.route("/sftp-upload", methods=["POST"])
def upload_file():
if request.method == "POST":
# the mimetype here isnt application/json
# see here: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20001229/how-to-get-posted-json-in-flask
body = request.form
print(body) # <- immutable dict
body = request.get_json() will return nothing. body = request.get_data() will return a blob containing lots of things like the filename etc.
Here's the bad part: on the client side, changing data={} to json={} results in this server not being able to read the KV pairs! As in, this will result in a {} body above:
r = requests.post(url, files=files, json=values). # No!
This is bad because the server does not have control over how the user formats the request; and json= is going to be the habbit of requests users.
Upload:
with open('file.txt', 'rb') as f:
files = {'upload_file': f.read()}
values = {'DB': 'photcat', 'OUT': 'csv', 'SHORT': 'short'}
r = requests.post(url, files=files, data=values)
Download (Django):
with open('file.txt', 'wb') as f:
f.write(request.FILES['upload_file'].file.read())
Regarding the answers given so far, there was always something missing that prevented it to work on my side. So let me show you what worked for me:
import json
import os
import requests
API_ENDPOINT = "http://localhost:80"
access_token = "sdfJHKsdfjJKHKJsdfJKHJKysdfJKHsdfJKHs" # TODO: get fresh Token here
def upload_engagement_file(filepath):
url = API_ENDPOINT + "/api/files" # add any URL parameters if needed
hdr = {"Authorization": "Bearer %s" % access_token}
with open(filepath, "rb") as fobj:
file_obj = fobj.read()
file_basename = os.path.basename(filepath)
file_to_upload = {"file": (str(file_basename), file_obj)}
finfo = {"fullPath": filepath}
upload_response = requests.post(url, headers=hdr, files=file_to_upload, data=finfo)
fobj.close()
# print("Status Code ", upload_response.status_code)
# print("JSON Response ", upload_response.json())
return upload_response
Note that requests.post(...) needs
a url parameter, containing the full URL of the API endpoint you're calling, using the API_ENDPOINT, assuming we have an http://localhost:8000/api/files endpoint to POST a file
a headers parameter, containing at least the authorization (bearer token)
a files parameter taking the name of the file plus the entire file content
a data parameter taking just the path and file name
Installation required (console):
pip install requests
What you get back from the function call is a response object containing a status code and also the full error message in JSON format. The commented print statements at the end of upload_engagement_file are showing you how you can access them.
Note: Some useful additional information about the requests library can be found here
Some may need to upload via a put request and this is slightly different that posting data. It is important to understand how the server expects the data in order to form a valid request. A frequent source of confusion is sending multipart-form data when it isn't accepted. This example uses basic auth and updates an image via a put request.
url = 'foobar.com/api/image-1'
basic = requests.auth.HTTPBasicAuth('someuser', 'password123')
# Setting the appropriate header is important and will vary based
# on what you upload
headers = {'Content-Type': 'image/png'}
with open('image-1.png', 'rb') as img_1:
r = requests.put(url, auth=basic, data=img_1, headers=headers)
While the requests library makes working with http requests a lot easier, some of its magic and convenience obscures just how to craft more nuanced requests.
In Ubuntu you can apply this way,
to save file at some location (temporary) and then open and send it to API
path = default_storage.save('static/tmp/' + f1.name, ContentFile(f1.read()))
path12 = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "static/tmp/" + f1.name)
data={} #can be anything u want to pass along with File
file1 = open(path12, 'rb')
header = {"Content-Disposition": "attachment; filename=" + f1.name, "Authorization": "JWT " + token}
res= requests.post(url,data,header)
I am using python to try and get an image from one API, and then post it to a separate API.
So far I have this code:
def create_item(token, user_id):
url = '<api_url_to_post_to>'
headers = {"Authorization": "Token {0}".format(token)}
image_url = '<some_random_image_url>'
image_obj = requests.get(image_url)
data = {
"image": image_obj.content
}
r = requests.post(url, headers=headers, files=data)
response = r.json()
print(response)
return response
The issue is that when I try to post it to the second API, I get a "File extension '' is not allowed." error. This is obviously a custom error message, but it signifies that there is something wrong with the file that I am posting.
Any suggestions on what I may be doing wrong?
Try specifying the file type, just image_obj.content is the raw binary image:
r = requests.post(
url,
headers=headers,
files={'image': ('my_image.jpg', image_obj.content, 'image/jpg')})
This should add the correct headers to the multipart boundary for the image.
If you don't know for sure the content type, you might actually get it from the headers of your previous response: image_obj.headers['Content-Type'] should be "image/jpg" but for a different image it might be "image/png".
It wants a file extension, I'd hazard a guess that image should be image.<SOME_FORMAT>.
I have an application I wrote that downloads a file from a database service I use and then I convert the file to another format and re-upload. The issue is with the upload. I am using a patch request and it completes without errors but the file is never actually uploaded.
Here is my code:
for person in r['records']:
try:
# Get Voicemail and handle conversion if necessary
vm = person['fields']['Voicemail'][0]['url']
if '.m4a' in vm:
vm_name = person['fields']['Voicemail'][0]['filename'].replace('.m4a', '').replace(' ', '')
# Download file to local machine and convert to .mp3
r = requests.get(vm, allow_redirects=True)
open('{}.m4a'.format(vm_name), 'wb').write(r.content)
bash = 'ffmpeg {0}.mp3 -i {0}.m4a -codec:a libmp3lame -qscale:a 1'.format(vm_name)
os.system(bash)
s = requests.Session()
s.mount('file://', FileAdapter())
cwd = os.getcwd()
# url = s.get('file:///{}/{}.mp3'.format(cwd, vm_name))
# Upload/delete files to server
r = requests.patch('https://api.airtable.com/v0/{}/People/{}'.format(base_id, person['id']),
json={"fields": {"Voicemail": [{"url": 'file:///{}/{}.mp3'.format(cwd, vm_name)}]}},
headers={"Authorization": "Bearer {}".format(at_auth), "Content-type": "application/Json"})
print(r.text)
# Delete temporary local files
os.remove('{}.mp3'.format(vm_name))
os.remove('{}.m4a'.format(vm_name))
...And the response of r.text:
{"id":"recnlJBNEWFMLwYNh","fields":{"Name":"Matthew Sewell","Phone":["reciInRjmNpyTabUS"],"Voicemail":[{"id":"att7YiG4s0Epa3V6o","url":"file:////Users/test/Dropbox/python/projects/business/testing123.mp3","filename":"testing123.mp3"}]},"createdTime":"2018-08-09T00:59:35.000Z"}
I am not super familiar with patch requests so any help is appreciated.
Shamelessly copy pasted from another answer (i flagged the question). This is how you can upload data using requests. It doesnt matter if you use GET, POST, PATCH or whatever:
If upload_file is meant to be the file, use:
files = {'upload_file': open('file.txt','rb')}
values = {'DB': 'photcat', 'OUT': 'csv', 'SHORT': 'short'}
r = requests.post(url, files=files, data=values)
and requests will send a multi-part form POST body with the upload_file field set to the contents of the file.txt file.
The original so post is here
I'm having problems with a CSV file upload with requests.post method in python 3.
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
import csv
import requests
user='myuser'
pw='mypass'
advertiserid='10550'
campaignid='12394'
url='http://example.example.com/api/edc/upload/'+advertiserid+'/'+campaignid+'/'+'?encoding=utf-8&fieldsep=%3B&decimalsep=.&date=DD%2FMM%2FYYYY&info=1&process=1'
csv="myfile.csv"
with open(csv, 'r') as f:
r = requests.post(url, files={csv: f})
print(r)
The output is 'Response [502]'
Any idea of what could be the problem?
Many thanks!
You can refer the documentation of Requests library here: post-a-multipart-encoded-file
Change your request line to:
r = requests.post(url, files={'report.csv': f})
Try opening it in binary mode? And with specific 'text/csv' mime type?
with open(csv, 'rb') as f:
r = requests.post(url, files={'file': ('myfile.csv', f, 'text/csv', {'Expires': '0'})})
print(r.text)
If it still does not work, try without the binary, but still with the rest.
If it stiiill does not work, print the exact error message. And 502 (Bad Gateway) might just mean that you're not targetting the right url. (you're not targetting example.com, right?
csv="myfile.csv"
url='http://example.example.com/api/edc/upload/'+advertiserid+'/'+campaignid+'/'+'?encoding=utf-8&fieldsep=%3B&decimalsep=.&date=DD%2FMM%2FYYYY&info=1&process=1'
files = {'upload_file': open(csv,'rb')}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)
Imagine I have a rest API to import the CSV file (Multipart encoded file)
corresponding python request should be like below.
import requests
hierarchy_file_name = '/Users/herle/ws/LookoutLab/data/monitor/Import_Hierarchy_Testcase_v2.csv'
headers = {
'x-api-key': **REST_API_KEY**,
'x-api-token': **REST_API_TOKEN**,
'accept': 'application/json'
}
files = {'file': (hierarchy_file_name, open(hierarchy_file_name, 'rb'), 'text/csv')}
url = "https://abcd.com"
response = requests.post(url +'/api/v2/core/workspaces/import/validate',
files=files, verify=False, headers=headers)
print("Created")
print(response)
print(response.text)
Note:
Make sure that you don't add 'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data' in the header
I am very new to subprocess, and I have a hard debugging it without any error code.
I'm trying to automatically call an API which respond to :
http -f POST https://api-adresse.data.gouv.fr/search/csv/ columns=voie columns=ville data#path/to/file.csv > response_file.csv
I've tried various combination with subprocess.call, but I only manage to get "1" as an error code.
What is the correct way to format this call, knowing that the answer from the API has to go in a csv file, and that I send a csv (path after the #data)?
EDIT: Here are my attempts :
ret = subprocess.call(cmd,shell=True)
ret = subprocess.call(cmd.split(),shell=True)
ret = subprocess.call([cmd],shell=True)
The same with shell = False, and with stdout = myFileHandler (open inside a with open(file,"w") as myFileHandler:)
EDIT2 : still curious about the answer, but I managed to go around with Request, as #spectras suggested
file_path = "PATH/TO/OUTPUT/FILE.csv"
url = "https://api-adresse.data.gouv.fr/search/csv/"
files = {'data': open('PATH/TO/CSV/FILE.csv','rb')}
values = {'columns': 'Adresse', 'columns': 'Ville', 'postcode': 'CP'}
r = requests.post(url, files=files, data=values)
with open(file_path, "w") as myFh:
myFh.write(r.content)
Since you are attempting to send a form, may I suggest you do it straight from python?
import requests
with open('path/to/file', 'rb') as fd:
payload = fd.read()
r = requests.post(
'https://api-adresse.data.gouv.fr/search/csv/',
data=(
('columns', 'voie'),
('columns', 'ville'),
),
files={
'data': ('filename.csv', payload, 'text/csv'),
}
)
if r.status_code not in requests.codes.ok:
r.raise_for_status()
with open('response_file.csv', 'wb') as result:
result.write(r.content)
This uses the ubiquitous python-requests module, and especially the form file upload part of the documentation.
It's untested. Basically, I opened httpie documentation and converted your command line arguments into python-requests api arguments.