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Flask sqlalchemy how to manage additional information in a many-to-many relationship

Consider the following many-to-many relationship:
class Hashes(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
hash = db.Column(db.String, nullable=False, unique=True)
xref_hashes_users = db.Table("xref_hashes_users",
db.Column('hash', db.ForeignKey('hashes.id'), primary_key=True),
db.Column('user', db.ForeignKey('user.id'), primary_key=True))
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String)
hashes = db.relationship("Hashes", secondary="xref_hashes_users", backref="users")
Let's say I want to allow users to store some additional information about their hashes, perhaps a label. It makes sense to me that given this is a user-specific piece of information about a hash, it would go in the association table like:
xref_hashes_users = db.Table("xref_hashes_users",
db.Column('hash', db.ForeignKey('hashes.id'), primary_key=True),
db.Column('user', db.ForeignKey('user.id'), primary_key=True),
db.Column('label', db.String))
Given this schema, is it possible to use the ORM to add/remove/update labels? How would I do this?

It looks like the answer is to use an Association Object to store the extra data.
https://docs-sqlalchemy.readthedocs.io/ko/latest/orm/basic_relationships.html#association-object
So my example becomes:
class Hashes(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
hash = db.Column(db.String, nullable=False, unique=True)
users = db.relationship("UserHashAssociation", back_populates="hashes")
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String)
hashes = db.relationship("UserHashAssociation", back_populates="users")
class UserHashAssociation(db.Model):
__tablename__ = "xref_hashes_users"
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey("user.id"), primary_key=True)
hash_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey("hashes.id"), primary_key=True)
label = db.Column(db.String)
users = db.relationship("User", back_populates="hashes")
hashes = db.relationship("Hashes", back_populates="users")
Then I am able to update the label like:
hash = Hashes(hash=hash_string)
user_hash_association = UserHashAssociation(label="foo", user_id=user.id)
hash.users.append(user_hash_association)
db.session.add(hash)
db.session.commit()

Flask-SQLAlchemy Multiple Databases to form a query

I am new to using Flask SQLAlchemy and I have a few questions on how can how can I link separate databases together to form a query.
I have 3 databases: User, Homework, Questions, where 1 user can have many homework and 1 homework can have many questions. I have made 3 separate .py files for the 3 classes and each file calls simple functions like query.all(), and some simple filtering.
I have previously learned MySQL and I am wondering how can I create an SQLAlchemy equivalent of the following query:
SELECT * FROM user, homework, questions
WHERE user.user_id = homework.user_id
AND homework.homework_id = questions.homework_id
My question is how do I go about achieving this? Do I make a new file and find a way to bind these databases together or is there a more optimal way of doing it?
Also, how do I go about retrieving aggregated function values? For instance, the average marks one would get for each homework.
User.py
class User(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'user'
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
username = db.Column(db.String(20), nullable=False)
Homework.py
class Homework(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'homework'
homework_id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
user_id= db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=False)
subject = db.Column(db.String(20), nullable=False)
Question.py
class Question(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'question'
question_id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
homework_id = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=False)
marks = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=False)

You can create relationships amongst your tables using the following
class User(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'user'
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
username = db.Column(db.String(20), nullable=False)
class Homework(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'homework'
homework_id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.user_id'), nullable=False)
subject = db.Column(db.String(20), nullable=False)
class Question(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'question'
question_id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
homework_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('homework.homework_id'), nullable=False)
marks = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=False)
Then you can access info from a given table using the following
insert your desired user_id in replace for xxx
user_object = User.query.filter_by(user_id=xxx).first()
username = user_object.username
user_id_value = user_object.user_id
homework_object = Homework.query.filter_by(user_id=user_id_value).first()
subject = homework_object.subject
homework_id_value = homework_object.homework_id
question_object = Question.query.filter_by(homework_id=homework_id_value).first()
marks = question_object.marks

SQLAlchemy multiple joins to single table

I am making a wishlist app and I want to have db schema like bellow, but I can't figure out how to make the joins in sqlalchemy (this is the first time I am using sqlalchemy).
DB schema
(user : wish = 1 : N)
When I select a user, I want to get a list of wishes and each wish may contain a different user (an arranger of the wish)
So I could do something like this
first_user = User.query.get(1)
user_wishes = first_user.wishes.all()
for wish in user_wishes:
if wish.arranger is not None:
print(wish.id, wish.owner.id, wish.arranger.id)
else:
print(wish.id, wish.owner.id)
I have looked up some tutorials, but I only found simple relations.
I need a relation from User to Wish and in the Wish, back to both the UserWishOwner (the user from which I got here) a UserWishArranger (if there is any).
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
wishes = db.Column(db.relationship('Wish', backref='owner', lazy='dynamic'))
class Wish(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
owner_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'), index=True)
arranger_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'), index=True)
arranger = relationship("User", foreign_keys=[arranger_id])
I have come up with some code, but am a bit confused, because owner_id and arranger_id are the same...
What do I need to do, to make this work?

Just like this
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
wishes = db.relationship('Wish', backref='owner', lazy='dynamic', foreign_keys="[Wish.owner_id]")
class Wish(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
owner_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'), index=True)
arranger_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'), index=True)
arranger = db.relationship("User", foreign_keys=[arranger_id])

SqlAlchemy - Nested relationship loading behaviour

I use SqlAlchemy to manage queries with my database, but i have a problem.
I have 3 Tables defined here:
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
orders = relationship("Order", backref=backref("payer", uselist=True, lazy='dynamic'), foreign_keys="Order.user_id", order_by="desc(Order.date)")
gifts = relationship("Order", backref=backref("receiver", uselist=False), foreign_keys="Order.user_target_id", order_by="desc(Order.date)")
class Order(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
date = db.Column(db.DateTime)
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
user_target_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
partner_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('partner.id'))
class Partner(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
orders = relationship("Order", backref=backref("partner", uselist=False))
I would like to get all the "gifts" for a user, and for each gift (an Order object) i expect to get the 'payer', 'receiver' and 'partner' relations filled.
I am really new with SqlAlchemy so maybe that i have badly configured my relationships.
Can somebody help me ?

Flask foreign_keys still shows AmbiguousForeignKeysError

I have two foreign keys in an entity refering to another entity.
Here is how it looks
class Review(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'Review'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key = True)
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('User.id'), nullable=False)
business_user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('User.id'), nullable=False)
user = db.relationship('User', foreign_keys=[user_id])
business_user = db.relationship('User', foreign_keys=[business_user_id])
and
class User(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'User'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key = True)
reviews = db.relationship('Review', backref='user',
lazy='dynamic')
However, it still shows me an error saying
there are multiple foreign key paths linking the tables. Specify the
'foreign_keys' argument, providing a list of those columns which
should be counted as containing a foreign key reference to the parent
table
The above workaround is what I get from some other posts. I have checked and changed many times, and still no luck. I wonder if it's already correct or there is something I miss. Need help

Finally, I got the workaround after trying to figure out. In my case, I don't have to put backref in Review class. Instead, I should put the User backref in User class itself. So, it should look like below
class Review(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'Review'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key = True)
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('User.id'), nullable=False)
business_user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('User.id'), nullable=False)
user = relationship('User', backref='user_reviews', foreign_keys=user_id)
business_user = relationship("User", backref='business_user_reviews', foreign_keys=[business_user_id])
class User(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'User'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key = True)
Here, both types of User have many Reviews. Then, when I need to get the list of reviews of both User, what I can do is
user = User.query.get(id)
user_reviews = User.user_reviews
business_user_reviews = user.business_user_reviews
And I am no longer running across this error.