Develop Reference

Blank page when removing all mentions of grid()

I've switched from .grid() to .place() in my program, so I decided to remove a frame that contained the grid widgets:
BackButtonR = Button(registerPage, text="Back", command=lambda: show_frame(Menu))
BackButtonR.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=W)
Button2F3 = Button(registerPage, text="Find")
Button2F3.grid(row=1, column=1)
Button3F3 = Button(registerPage, text="Calculate").grid(row=6, column=1)
LabelTitleF3 = Label(registerPage, text="Calculate Buy Price").grid(row=0, column=3)
label1F3 = Label(registerPage, text="Enter Ticker Symbol:").grid(row=1, column=0)
label2F3 = Label(registerPage, text="Expected CAGR").grid(row=2, column=0)
label3F3 = Label(registerPage, text="Years of Analysis").grid(row=3, column=0)
label4F3 = Label(registerPage, text="Expected PE Ratio").grid(row=4, column=0)
label5F3 = Label(registerPage, text="Desired Annual Return").grid(row=5, column=0)
entry1F3 = Entry(registerPage, width=7).grid(row=1, column=1, padx=0)
entry2F3 = Entry(registerPage).grid(row=2, column=1, pady=10, padx=0)
entry3F3 = Entry(registerPage).grid(row=3, column=1, pady=10, padx=0)
entry4F3 = Entry(registerPage).grid(row=4, column=1, pady=10, padx=0)
entry5F3 = Entry(registerPage).grid(row=, column=1, pady=10, padx=0)
But weirdly, when I rerun my program everything turns blank. This shouldn't happen, since I've removed any reference to .grid(), so the program should be working fine with .place(). Here is my full code:
print(220+135)
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
root.title("Account Signup")
DarkBlue = "#2460A7"
LightBlue = "#B3C7D6"
root.geometry('350x230')
Menu = Frame(root)
loginPage = Frame(root)
registerPage = Frame(root)
for AllFrames in (Menu, loginPage, registerPage):
AllFrames.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='nsew')
AllFrames.configure(bg=LightBlue)
def show_frame(frame):
frame.tkraise()
show_frame(Menu)
# ============= Menu Page =========
Menu.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
menuTitle = Label(Menu, text="Menu", font=("Arial", 25), bg=LightBlue)
menuTitle.place(x=130, y=25)
loginButton1 = Button(Menu, width=25, text="Login", command=lambda: show_frame(loginPage))
loginButton1.place(x=85, y=85)
registerButton1 = Button(Menu, width=25, text="Register", command=lambda: show_frame(registerPage))
registerButton1.place(x=85, y=115)
# ======== Login Page ===========
loginUsernameL = Label(loginPage, text='Username').place(x=30, y=60)
loginUsernameE = Entry(loginPage).place(x=120, y=60)
loginPasswordL = Label(loginPage, text='Password').place(x=30, y=90)
loginPasswordE = Entry(loginPage).place(x=120, y=90)
backButton = Button(loginPage, text='Back', command=lambda: show_frame(Menu)).place(x=0, y=0)
loginButton = Button(loginPage, text='Login', width=20).place(x=100, y=150)
# ======== Register Page ===========
root.mainloop()
Why is my program turning blank?

When you use pack and grid, these functions will normally adjust the size of a widget's parent to fit all of its children. It's one of the most compelling reasons to use these geometry managers.
When you use place this doesn't happen. If you use place to put a widget in a frame, the frame will not grow or shrink to fit the widget.
In your case you're creating Menu, loginPage and registerPage and not giving them a size so they default to 1x1 pixels. When you use place to add a widget to the frame, the frame will remain at 1x1 pixels, rendering it virtually invisible.
The solution is to either give these frames an explicit size, or add the frames to the window with options that cause them to fill the window.
For illustrative purposes I've changed the background color of the window to pink, and set the size of Menu to 200x200. As you can see in the following screenshot, the frame with the widgets is there, and becomes visible when you give it a larger size. Of course, one problem with place is it's up to you to calculate the appropriate size.
The better solution in this specific case would be to use the appropriate grid options to have the frames fill the window. You can do that by giving a weight to the row and column that the frames are in. Unused space in the parent frame will be allocated to the row and column with the widget.
root.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
root.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
Generally speaking, grid and pack are superior to place for implementing most layouts because they are able to automatically make all widgets fit into a window with very little work. With place it's up to you to do calculations for position and size, and to make sure that all ancestors are appropriately sized and are visible.

You need to call root.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1) and root.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1) so that the shown frame use all the space of root window, otherwise the size of those frames are 1x1.
Also Menu.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1) is useless because widgets inside Menu are using .place().

How to add tkinter Scrollbar with Grid?

I am new to Python programming. I started learning the language a few weeks ago. I am creating a "Temperature Converter" application using "tkinter". I am trying to add a scroll bar to the application but unable to do so. Please forgive me if I have not written something correctly. Please do let me know my mistake and I will definitely rectify it. I won't repeat the mistake in the future.
Thank you very much for your time. Following is my code:
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.messagebox import showerror
from tkinter import *
window = tk.Tk()
window.title("Temperature Converter")
window.geometry('420x400')
window.option_add('*Font', '25')
window.option_add('*Font', 'Tahoma')
window.configure(bg='#f8f8f8')
window.resizable(0, 0)
def fahrenheit_to_celsius():
fahrenheit = fahrenheit_to_celsius_entry_temperature.get()
if fahrenheit == '':
showerror(title='Empty Field Error', message="Field is empty. Please input number.")
else:
try:
celsius = (5 / 9) * (float(fahrenheit) - 32)
fahrenheit_to_celsius_label_result["text"] = f"{round(celsius, 2)} \N{DEGREE CELSIUS}"
except:
showerror(title='Input Error', message="Invalid input. Please input only number.")
fahrenheit_to_celsius_label_heading = tk.Label(text="Fahrenheit to Celsius:", bg='#f8f8f8', fg='Black')
# Create the Fahrenheit entry frame with an Entry widget and label in it
fahrenheit_to_celsius_frame_entry = tk.Frame(master=window)
fahrenheit_to_celsius_entry_temperature = tk.Entry(master=fahrenheit_to_celsius_frame_entry, width=10)
fahrenheit_to_celsius_label_temperature = tk.Label(master=fahrenheit_to_celsius_frame_entry, text="\N{DEGREE FAHRENHEIT}")
def fahrenheit_to_celsius_clear():
fahrenheit_to_celsius_entry_temperature.delete(0, tk.END)
fahrenheit_to_celsius_label_result.config(text="\N{DEGREE CELSIUS}")
fahrenheit_to_celsius_button_clear = tk.Button(window, text="Clear", command=fahrenheit_to_celsius_clear, bg='#c82333', fg='White')
fahrenheit_to_celsius_label_heading.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=3, sticky="w")
fahrenheit_to_celsius_entry_temperature.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky="ew")
fahrenheit_to_celsius_label_temperature.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky="ew")
fahrenheit_to_celsius_button_clear.grid(row=1, column=2, sticky="w")
fahrenheit_to_celsius_button_convert = tk.Button(master=window, text="Convert", command=fahrenheit_to_celsius, bg='#218838', fg='White')
fahrenheit_to_celsius_label_result = tk.Label(master=window, text="\N{DEGREE CELSIUS}")
fahrenheit_to_celsius_label_heading.grid(row=0, padx=10, pady=10)
fahrenheit_to_celsius_frame_entry.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=12, sticky="ew")
fahrenheit_to_celsius_button_convert.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=0, sticky="ew")
fahrenheit_to_celsius_button_clear.grid(row=1, column=2, padx=(5,0), sticky="ew")
fahrenheit_to_celsius_label_result.grid(row=1, column=3, padx=0, sticky="w")

Adding a scrollbar
Scrollbars can't be added for a tkinter frame, but you can add them for a canvas.
procedure
Put all your widgets in a tkinter canvas
Configure canvas scrollregion
Add a scrollbar for the canvas
Example
base = tk.Canvas(window)
base.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, side=tk.LEFT, expand=True)
# change scrollregion as changes are made to the canvas
base.bind('<Configure>', lambda e: base.configure(scrollregion=base.bbox(tk.ALL)))
# add scrollbar for the canvas
scroll = tk.Scrollbar(window, command=base.yview)
scroll.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.Y)
base.config(yscrollcommand=scroll.set)
# sample widgets
for i in range(2, 20):
btn = tk.Button(base, text=f"Button {i}")
base.create_window(200, i*30, window=btn)
For your code, you need to :
Create a scrollable canvas following above instructions
Instead of directly using grid, use canvas.create_window(x, y, window) for each widget

why isn't my frame stretch completely in tkinter

I tried to stretch the frame using sticky='nsew' but it's not working properly. I have attached the screenshot here.
the white color window is my frame and i want to stick to all corners. i dont wanna mess up with the buttons that i made. its working if i set row=0 but in that case i lost the buttons.. i wanna keep that button too
from tkinter import *
root=Tk()
root.title("manage your cashflow")
#for setting full screen window
screen_width=root.winfo_screenwidth()
screen_height=root.winfo_screenheight()
print(screen_height, screen_width)
root.geometry("%dx%d" % (screen_width,screen_height))
root.configure(bg='grey')
#configure
Grid.rowconfigure(root,0,weight=1)
Grid.columnconfigure(root,0,weight=1)
Grid.columnconfigure(root,1,weight=1)
# creating tabs
up_button1= Button(root, text="the list of month", bg='#ebca87')
up_button1.grid(row=0,column=0, sticky='NEW')
up_button2=Button(root, text="the new month",bg='#ebca87')
up_button2.grid(row=0,column=1,sticky='NEW',pady=0)
#class for frames
class frame:
#method for
def frame2(self):
#for frame sticky
Grid.rowconfigure(root,1,weight=1)
Grid.columnconfigure(root,0,weight=1)
Grid.columnconfigure(root,1,weight=1)
#frame for listbox
frame2=Frame(root)
frame2.grid(row=1,column=0,columnspan=2,sticky="NSEW")
Grid.rowconfigure(frame2,0,weight=1)
Grid.columnconfigure(frame2,0,weight=1)
Grid.columnconfigure(frame2,1,weight=1)
salary_text=Label(frame2,text="salary")
salary_text.pack()
salary_entry=Entry(frame2)
salary_entry.pack()
frame_ob=frame()
frame_ob.frame2()
root.mainloop()
I want to stretch the frame to the buttons. how do I do it?
you guys can see in the screenshot that the white frame doesn't stick to all corners of the 2nd row and 1st and 2 column

Your main issue is Grid.rowconfigure(root,0,weight=1). This is causing the row where the buttons sit to expand at the same rate as the row the frame is in.
Just get rid of that line and it should fix your problem.
That said there are several things I would change with your code.
You use Grid.rowconfigure() and so on and this is not the standard usage. Is there any reason you are doing it this way? Normally I would expect to see frame2.rowconfigure(0, weight=1).
You build your frame as a class but don't actually do anything in it that would require it to be a class. You also do not inherit tk.Frame in your class. I would write it a little different here.
import * is frowned on. It can cause problems when maintaining code over time as it grows and makes it harder to know where the methods are from so trouble shooting can be harder. try import tkinter as tk and use the tk. prefix.
Reasons you might need or want to set a variable name for a widget is if you plan on interacting with it later. Like updating a label or if you want to set a variable name to make it easier to ID what that widget is for. Then you can do that but personally I prefer to avoid setting variables if they will never be modified later.
Your code can be reduced quite a bit.
Here is a non OOP example (I set the frame background to black to make it easier to see if the frame was expanding. You can change this back if you need to):
import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("manage your cashflow")
root.geometry("%dx%d" % (root.winfo_screenwidth(), root.winfo_screenheight()))
root.configure(bg='grey')
root.rowconfigure(1, weight=1)
root.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
root.columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
tk.Button(root, text="the list of month", bg='#ebca87').grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='NEW')
tk.Button(root, text="the new month", bg='#ebca87').grid(row=0, column=1, sticky='NEW', pady=0)
frame2 = tk.Frame(root, bg='black')
frame2.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky="NSEW")
frame2.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
frame2.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
frame2.columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
tk.Label(frame2, text="salary").pack()
salary_entry = tk.Entry(frame2)
salary_entry.pack()
root.mainloop()
Results:
For a more OOP geared option you can do something like this.
import tkinter as tk
class App(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.title("manage your cashflow")
self.geometry("%dx%d" % (self.winfo_screenwidth(), self.winfo_screenheight()))
self.configure(bg='grey')
self.rowconfigure(1, weight=1)
self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
tk.Button(self, text="the list of month", bg='#ebca87').grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='NEW')
tk.Button(self, text="the new month", bg='#ebca87').grid(row=0, column=1, sticky='NEW', pady=0)
frame2 = Frame2()
frame2.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky="NSEW")
class Frame2(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__(bg='black')
self.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
tk.Label(self, text="salary").pack()
salary_entry = tk.Entry(self)
salary_entry.pack()
if __name__ == '__main__':
App().mainloop()

Python Tkinter Frame layout, weight, and resizing, Grid geometry manager

I guess I am not understanding something about the way Grid works...
My question seems related to this SO question:
Python tkinter Text widget fill fixed sized frame using grid
To which the answer was that weight needed to be given to an item in order have it take up the extra space, using the functions grid_columnconfigure() and grid_rowconfigure().
Below is the code for a simple example.
What I am trying to achieve is to be able to specify the size of frame0, have it be stuck to all sides of the root window, and then have the child frame, frame1 be stuck to frame0 on left, top, right, and to stretch/shrink when the main window of the app is resized.
So, initially, I would expect the application to launch at basically 500x350 size. frame1 would be as high as it naturally is and basically 500 pixels wide (minus a little for padding).
After acw1668's comment, I updated the code to configure root and set it's weight to 1. The size of Entry now varies to take up any horizontal space, just as I wanted. But the GUI still launches at "natural" size, though I have given an explicit size to frame0. I'm not understanding why the geometry manager does not treat 500x350 as the natural size and allocate that?
Can anybody see how to get the initial launch sized as expected?
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
root = Tk()
root.title("Layout Problem")
root.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
root.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
frame0 = ttk.Frame(root, padding=4, width=500, height=350)
frame0.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
frame0.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
frame0.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=(W, N, E, S))
frame1 = ttk.Frame(frame0, padding=4)
frame1.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
frame1['borderwidth'] = 2
frame1['relief'] = "ridge"
frame1.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=(W, N, E))
# add widgets to 'frame1'
ttk.Label(frame1, text="Label: ").grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=W)
entryValue = StringVar()
ttk.Entry(frame1, textvariable=entryValue)\
.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=(W, E))
entryValue.set("Entry")
ttk.Button(frame1, text="Button")\
.grid(row=0, column=2, sticky=E)
root.mainloop()

For reference, below is the code after incorporating acw1668's suggestions.
The GUI now launches at expected size. There is sort of a secondary issue in that now the frame doesn't shrink below 500 px width (i.e., the Entry will not collapse back to natural size) though you can force the application window to be smaller. That's sort of a separate issue.
I can see there is some subtlety to this whole layout and resizing business and I've yet got a ways to go. ;)
Hopefully this question will have some pedagogic value to others following the same trail:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
root = Tk()
root.title("Layout Problem")
root.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1, minsize=500)
root.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1, minsize=350)
frame0 = ttk.Frame(root, padding=4)
frame0.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=(W, N, E, S))
frame0.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
frame0.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
frame1 = ttk.Frame(frame0, padding=4)
frame1.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
frame1['borderwidth'] = 2
frame1['relief'] = "ridge"
frame1.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=(W, N, E))
# add widgets to 'frame1'
ttk.Label(frame1, text="Label: ").grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=W)
entryValue = StringVar()
ttk.Entry(frame1, textvariable=entryValue)\
.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=(W, E))
entryValue.set("Entry")
ttk.Button(frame1, text="Button")\
.grid(row=0, column=2, sticky=E)
root.mainloop()

How to set a specified positions for RadioBox and Slider steps with tkinter

I am new with tkinter.
I am trying to make GUI and for the moment I made 3 RadioBoxe and a slider. and this what I got:
The problem that I want the 3 RadioBox to be in the same line and bellow them the slider. Is it possibe?
and I want the slider to go through odd numbers only (1,3,5,7,9 ...)
This is my code so far:
window = Tk()
window.title("Welcome to LikeGeeks app")
panelA = None
menu = Menu(window)
new_item = Menu(menu)
new_item.add_command(label='Open File', command=open_file)
new_item.add_separator()
new_item.add_command(label='Save File')
new_item.add_separator()
new_item.add_command(label='Exit')
menu.add_cascade(label='File', menu=new_item)
window.config(menu=menu)
label_blur = Label(window, text="Blurring")
label_blur.pack(anchor="w", padx=10, pady=10)
blur_rad1 = Radiobutton(window, text='Average', value=0)
blur_rad2 = Radiobutton(window, text='Gaussian', value=1)
blur_rad3 = Radiobutton(window, text='Median', value=2)
blur_rad1.pack(anchor="w", padx=10, pady=0)
blur_rad2.pack(anchor="w", padx=10, pady=0)
blur_rad3.pack(anchor="w", padx=10, pady=0)
blur_slide = Scale(window, from_=1, to=31, length=600,tickinterval=5, orient=HORIZONTAL)
blur_slide.pack(anchor="w", padx=10, pady=10)
window.mainloop()

There are two simple solutions: use grid so that you can specify the row and columns, or continue to use pack, but place the radiobuttons in a separate frame.
Since you're already using pack, it's easiest to use the second method.
Create a frame for the buttons, and use pack to add it to the window where you want it to appear:
button_frame = Frame(window)
button_frame.pack(side="top", fill="x")
Make the buttons children of the frame:
blur_rad1 = Radiobutton(button_frame, ...)
blur_rad2 = Radiobutton(button_frame, ...)
blur_rad3 = Radiobutton(button_frame, ...)
Use pack to lay out the buttons left-to-right:
blur_rad1.pack(side="left", expand=True)
blur_rad2.pack(side="left", expand=True)
blur_rad3.pack(side="left", expand=True)