This is my code:
import datetime
today = datetime.date.today()
print(today)
This prints: 2008-11-22 which is exactly what I want.
But, I have a list I'm appending this to and then suddenly everything goes "wonky". Here is the code:
import datetime
mylist = []
today = datetime.date.today()
mylist.append(today)
print(mylist)
This prints the following:
[datetime.date(2008, 11, 22)]
How can I get just a simple date like 2008-11-22?
The WHY: dates are objects
In Python, dates are objects. Therefore, when you manipulate them, you manipulate objects, not strings or timestamps.
Any object in Python has TWO string representations:
The regular representation that is used by print can be get using the str() function. It is most of the time the most common human readable format and is used to ease display. So str(datetime.datetime(2008, 11, 22, 19, 53, 42)) gives you '2008-11-22 19:53:42'.
The alternative representation that is used to represent the object nature (as a data). It can be get using the repr() function and is handy to know what kind of data your manipulating while you are developing or debugging. repr(datetime.datetime(2008, 11, 22, 19, 53, 42)) gives you 'datetime.datetime(2008, 11, 22, 19, 53, 42)'.
What happened is that when you have printed the date using print, it used str() so you could see a nice date string. But when you have printed mylist, you have printed a list of objects and Python tried to represent the set of data, using repr().
The How: what do you want to do with that?
Well, when you manipulate dates, keep using the date objects all long the way. They got thousand of useful methods and most of the Python API expect dates to be objects.
When you want to display them, just use str(). In Python, the good practice is to explicitly cast everything. So just when it's time to print, get a string representation of your date using str(date).
One last thing. When you tried to print the dates, you printed mylist. If you want to print a date, you must print the date objects, not their container (the list).
E.G, you want to print all the date in a list :
for date in mylist :
print str(date)
Note that in that specific case, you can even omit str() because print will use it for you. But it should not become a habit :-)
Practical case, using your code
import datetime
mylist = []
today = datetime.date.today()
mylist.append(today)
print mylist[0] # print the date object, not the container ;-)
2008-11-22
# It's better to always use str() because :
print "This is a new day : ", mylist[0] # will work
>>> This is a new day : 2008-11-22
print "This is a new day : " + mylist[0] # will crash
>>> cannot concatenate 'str' and 'datetime.date' objects
print "This is a new day : " + str(mylist[0])
>>> This is a new day : 2008-11-22
Advanced date formatting
Dates have a default representation, but you may want to print them in a specific format. In that case, you can get a custom string representation using the strftime() method.
strftime() expects a string pattern explaining how you want to format your date.
E.G :
print today.strftime('We are the %d, %b %Y')
>>> 'We are the 22, Nov 2008'
All the letter after a "%" represent a format for something:
%d is the day number (2 digits, prefixed with leading zero's if necessary)
%m is the month number (2 digits, prefixed with leading zero's if necessary)
%b is the month abbreviation (3 letters)
%B is the month name in full (letters)
%y is the year number abbreviated (last 2 digits)
%Y is the year number full (4 digits)
etc.
Have a look at the official documentation, or McCutchen's quick reference you can't know them all.
Since PEP3101, every object can have its own format used automatically by the method format of any string. In the case of the datetime, the format is the same used in
strftime. So you can do the same as above like this:
print "We are the {:%d, %b %Y}".format(today)
>>> 'We are the 22, Nov 2008'
The advantage of this form is that you can also convert other objects at the same time.
With the introduction of Formatted string literals (since Python 3.6, 2016-12-23) this can be written as
import datetime
f"{datetime.datetime.now():%Y-%m-%d}"
>>> '2017-06-15'
Localization
Dates can automatically adapt to the local language and culture if you use them the right way, but it's a bit complicated. Maybe for another question on SO(Stack Overflow) ;-)
import datetime
print datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")
Edit:
After Cees' suggestion, I have started using time as well:
import time
print time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")
The date, datetime, and time objects all support a strftime(format) method,
to create a string representing the time under the control of an explicit format
string.
Here is a list of the format codes with their directive and meaning.
%a Locale’s abbreviated weekday name.
%A Locale’s full weekday name.
%b Locale’s abbreviated month name.
%B Locale’s full month name.
%c Locale’s appropriate date and time representation.
%d Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
%f Microsecond as a decimal number [0,999999], zero-padded on the left
%H Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
%I Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
%j Day of the year as a decimal number [001,366].
%m Month as a decimal number [01,12].
%M Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
%p Locale’s equivalent of either AM or PM.
%S Second as a decimal number [00,61].
%U Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week)
%w Weekday as a decimal number [0(Sunday),6].
%W Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week)
%x Locale’s appropriate date representation.
%X Locale’s appropriate time representation.
%y Year without century as a decimal number [00,99].
%Y Year with century as a decimal number.
%z UTC offset in the form +HHMM or -HHMM.
%Z Time zone name (empty string if the object is naive).
%% A literal '%' character.
This is what we can do with the datetime and time modules in Python
import time
import datetime
print "Time in seconds since the epoch: %s" %time.time()
print "Current date and time: ", datetime.datetime.now()
print "Or like this: ", datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%y-%m-%d-%H-%M")
print "Current year: ", datetime.date.today().strftime("%Y")
print "Month of year: ", datetime.date.today().strftime("%B")
print "Week number of the year: ", datetime.date.today().strftime("%W")
print "Weekday of the week: ", datetime.date.today().strftime("%w")
print "Day of year: ", datetime.date.today().strftime("%j")
print "Day of the month : ", datetime.date.today().strftime("%d")
print "Day of week: ", datetime.date.today().strftime("%A")
That will print out something like this:
Time in seconds since the epoch: 1349271346.46
Current date and time: 2012-10-03 15:35:46.461491
Or like this: 12-10-03-15-35
Current year: 2012
Month of year: October
Week number of the year: 40
Weekday of the week: 3
Day of year: 277
Day of the month : 03
Day of week: Wednesday
Use date.strftime. The formatting arguments are described in the documentation.
This one is what you wanted:
some_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
This one takes Locale into account. (do this)
some_date.strftime('%c')
This is shorter:
>>> import time
>>> time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")
'2013-11-19 09:38'
# convert date time to regular format.
d_date = datetime.datetime.now()
reg_format_date = d_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %I:%M:%S %p")
print(reg_format_date)
# some other date formats.
reg_format_date = d_date.strftime("%d %B %Y %I:%M:%S %p")
print(reg_format_date)
reg_format_date = d_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print(reg_format_date)
OUTPUT
2016-10-06 01:21:34 PM
06 October 2016 01:21:34 PM
2016-10-06 13:21:34
Or even
from datetime import datetime, date
"{:%d.%m.%Y}".format(datetime.now())
Out: '25.12.2013
or
"{} - {:%d.%m.%Y}".format("Today", datetime.now())
Out: 'Today - 25.12.2013'
"{:%A}".format(date.today())
Out: 'Wednesday'
'{}__{:%Y.%m.%d__%H-%M}.log'.format(__name__, datetime.now())
Out: '__main____2014.06.09__16-56.log'
Simple answer -
datetime.date.today().isoformat()
With type-specific datetime string formatting (see nk9's answer using str.format().) in a Formatted string literal (since Python 3.6, 2016-12-23):
>>> import datetime
>>> f"{datetime.datetime.now():%Y-%m-%d}"
'2017-06-15'
The date/time format directives are not documented as part of the Format String Syntax but rather in date, datetime, and time's strftime() documentation. The are based on the 1989 C Standard, but include some ISO 8601 directives since Python 3.6.
I hate the idea of importing too many modules for convenience. I would rather work with available module which in this case is datetime rather than calling a new module time.
>>> a = datetime.datetime(2015, 04, 01, 11, 23, 22)
>>> a.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')
'2015-04-01 11:23'
You need to convert the datetime object to a str.
The following code worked for me:
import datetime
collection = []
dateTimeString = str(datetime.date.today())
collection.append(dateTimeString)
print(collection)
Let me know if you need any more help.
In Python you can format a datetime using the strftime() method from the date, time and datetime classes in the datetime module.
In your specific case, you are using the date class from datetime. You can use the following snippet to format the today variable into a string with the format yyyy-MM-dd:
import datetime
today = datetime.date.today()
print("formatted datetime: %s" % today.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
In the following a more complete example:
import datetime
today = datetime.date.today()
# datetime in d/m/Y H:M:S format
date_time = today.strftime("%d/%m/%Y, %H:%M:%S")
print("datetime: %s" % date_time)
# datetime in Y-m-d H:M:S format
date_time = today.strftime("%Y-%m-%d, %H:%M:%S")
print("datetime: %s" % date_time)
# format date
date = today.strftime("%d/%m/%Y")
print("date: %s" % time)
# format time
time = today.strftime("%H:%M:%S")
print("time: %s" % time)
# day
day = today.strftime("%d")
print("day: %s" % day)
# month
month = today.strftime("%m")
print("month: %s" % month)
# year
year = today.strftime("%Y")
print("year: %s" % year)
More directives:
Sources:
Format DateTime in Python
strftime
You can do:
mylist.append(str(today))
Considering the fact you asked for something simple to do what you wanted, you could just:
import datetime
str(datetime.date.today())
For those wanting locale-based date and not including time, use:
>>> some_date.strftime('%x')
07/11/2019
Since the print today returns what you want this means that the today object's __str__ function returns the string you are looking for.
So you can do mylist.append(today.__str__()) as well.
from datetime import date
def today_in_str_format():
return str(date.today())
print (today_in_str_format())
This will print 2018-06-23 if that's what you want :)
You may want to append it as a string?
import datetime
mylist = []
today = str(datetime.date.today())
mylist.append(today)
print(mylist)
For pandas.Timestamps, strftime() can be used e.g.:
utc_now = datetime.now()
For isoformat:
utc_now.isoformat()
For any format e.g.:
utc_now.strftime("%m/%d/%Y, %H:%M:%S")
You can use easy_date to make it easy:
import date_converter
my_date = date_converter.date_to_string(today, '%Y-%m-%d')
A quick disclaimer for my answer - I've only been learning Python for about 2 weeks, so I am by no means an expert; therefore, my explanation may not be the best and I may use incorrect terminology. Anyway, here it goes.
I noticed in your code that when you declared your variable today = datetime.date.today() you chose to name your variable with the name of a built-in function.
When your next line of code mylist.append(today) appended your list, it appended the entire string datetime.date.today(), which you had previously set as the value of your today variable, rather than just appending today().
A simple solution, albeit maybe not one most coders would use when working with the datetime module, is to change the name of your variable.
Here's what I tried:
import datetime
mylist = []
present = datetime.date.today()
mylist.append(present)
print present
and it prints yyyy-mm-dd.
Here is how to display the date as (year/month/day) :
from datetime import datetime
now = datetime.now()
print '%s/%s/%s' % (now.year, now.month, now.day)
import datetime
import time
months = ["Unknown","January","Febuary","Marchh","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"]
datetimeWrite = (time.strftime("%d-%m-%Y "))
date = time.strftime("%d")
month= time.strftime("%m")
choices = {'01': 'Jan', '02':'Feb','03':'Mar','04':'Apr','05':'May','06': 'Jun','07':'Jul','08':'Aug','09':'Sep','10':'Oct','11':'Nov','12':'Dec'}
result = choices.get(month, 'default')
year = time.strftime("%Y")
Date = date+"-"+result+"-"+year
print Date
In this way you can get Date formatted like this example: 22-Jun-2017
I don't fully understand but, can use pandas for getting times in right format:
>>> import pandas as pd
>>> pd.to_datetime('now')
Timestamp('2018-10-07 06:03:30')
>>> print(pd.to_datetime('now'))
2018-10-07 06:03:47
>>> pd.to_datetime('now').date()
datetime.date(2018, 10, 7)
>>> print(pd.to_datetime('now').date())
2018-10-07
>>>
And:
>>> l=[]
>>> l.append(pd.to_datetime('now').date())
>>> l
[datetime.date(2018, 10, 7)]
>>> map(str,l)
<map object at 0x0000005F67CCDF98>
>>> list(map(str,l))
['2018-10-07']
But it's storing strings but easy to convert:
>>> l=list(map(str,l))
>>> list(map(pd.to_datetime,l))
[Timestamp('2018-10-07 00:00:00')]
maybe the shortest solution, which exactly matches your situation, would be:
mylist.append(str(AnyDate)[:10])
or even shorter, e.g.:
f'{AnyDate}'[:10]
PS: it doesn't need to be today.
Related
In this documentation , strftime appear 3 times. One implementation in "date" library, one in "datetime" library, and one in the "time" library.
All descriptions of this function refer to the same part of the page about the behavior of this function.
So when should we use time.strftime, date.strftime or datetime.strftime? Is their any difference in practice? Do we change only for clarity's sake.
I will quote from the documentation.Refer the code to understand better.
time.strftime(format)
Return a string representing the time, controlled by an explicit format string. For a complete list of formatting .
>>> t = time(12, 10, 30, tzinfo=GMT1())
>>> t.strftime("%H:%M:%S %Z")
'12:10:30 Europe/Prague'
datetime.strftime(format)
Return a string representing the date and time, controlled by an explicit format string.
>>> dt = datetime.strptime("21/11/06 16:30", "%d/%m/%y %H:%M")
>>> dt.strftime("%A, %d. %B %Y %I:%M%p")
'Tuesday, 21. November 2006 04:30PM'
date.strftime(format)
Return a string representing the date, controlled by an explicit format string. Format codes referring to hours, minutes or seconds will see 0 values.
>>> d = date.fromordinal(730920)
>>> d.strftime("%d/%m/%y")
'11/03/02'
>>> d.strftime("%A %d. %B %Y")
'Monday 11. March 2002'
I have the following python snippet:
from datetime import datetime
timestamp = '05/Jan/2015:17:47:59:000-0800'
datetime_object = datetime.strptime(timestamp, '%d/%m/%y:%H:%M:%S:%f-%Z')
print datetime_object
However when I execute the code, I'm getting the following error:
ValueError: time data '05/Jan/2015:17:47:59:000-0800' does not match format '%d/%m/%y:%H:%M:%S:%f-%Z'
what's wrong with my matching expression?
EDIT 2: According to this post, strptime doesn't support %z (despite what the documentation suggests). To get around this, you can just ignore the timezone adjustment?:
from datetime import datetime
timestamp = '05/Jan/2015:17:47:59:000-0800'
# only take the first 24 characters of `timestamp` by using [:24]
dt_object = datetime.strptime(timestamp[:24], '%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S:%f')
print(dt_object)
Gives the following output:
$ python date.py
2015-01-05 17:47:59
EDIT: Your datetime.strptime argument should be '%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S:%f-%z'
With strptime(), %y refers to
Year without century as a zero-padded decimal number
I.e. 01, 99, etc.
If you want to use the full 4-digit year, you need to use %Y
Similarly, if you want to use the 3-letter month, you need to use %b, not %m
I haven't looked at the rest of the string, but there are possibly more mismatches. You can find out how each section can be defined in the table at https://docs.python.org/2/library/datetime.html#strftime-and-strptime-behavior
And UTC offset is lowercase z.
In my project I have a string like this one:
"2018-03-07 06:46:02.737951"
I would like to get two variables: one in date format that contains the data, and the other for the time.
I tried:
from datetime import datetime
datetime_object = datetime.strptime('2018-03-07 06:46:02.737951', '%b %d %Y %I:%M%p')
but I get an error.
Then I tried:
from dateutil import parser
dt = parser.parse("2018-03-07 06:46:02.737951")
but I don't know what I can do with these results.
How can I extract the values for my vars "date_var" and "time_var"?
You need to match your string exactly. Reference: strftime-and-strptime-behavior
from datetime import datetime
dt = datetime.strptime('2018-03-07 06:46:02.737951', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f')
print(dt.date())
print(dt.time())
d = dt.date() # extract date
t = dt.time() # extract time
print(type(d)) # printout the types
print(type(t))
Output:
2018-03-07
06:46:02.737951
<class 'datetime.date'>
<class 'datetime.time'>
Your format string is something along the lines of:
Month as locale’s abbreviated name.
Day of the month as a zero-padded decimal number.
Year with century as a decimal number.
Hour (12-hour clock) as a zero-padded decimal number.
Minute as a zero-padded decimal number.
Locale’s equivalent of either AM or PM.
with some spaces and : in it - which does not match your format.
# Accessing the time as an object:
the_time = dt.time()
#the_time
datetime.time(23, 55)
# Accessing the time as a string:
the_time.strftime("%H:%M:%S")
'23:55:00'
Similar for Date
Refer here
I am trying to use the DateTime module and I can never get it to work for this code:
class Loan:
def __init__(self, person_name, bookLoaned, loanStart, loanEnd):
self.personName = person_name
self.bookLoaned = bookLoaned
self.loanStart = datetime.date(loanStart)
self.loanEnd = datetime.date(loanEnd)
For some reason, PyScripter is giving an error "TypeError:an integer is required (got type str)".
I call Loan like this:
loan1 = Loan(borrower1.name, BookCopy1.title, ("22/06/2016"), ("22/06/2018"))
I'm expecting it to be some sort of syntax error (which is why I thought it'd only be necessary to post the method and not the entire script)
Can someone please help?
Let's see:
>>> import datetime
>>> help(datetime.date)
Help on class date in module datetime:
class date(builtins.object)
| date(year, month, day) --> date object
:
>>> datetime.date(2016,6,22)
datetime.date(2016, 6, 22)
date doesn't take a string. Looking at help(datetime), strptime sounds like what you want:
>>> help(datetime.datetime.strptime)
Help on built-in function strptime:
strptime(...) method of builtins.type instance
string, format -> new datetime parsed from a string (like time.strptime()).
This function takes a string like you want, but also a format. Let's see what time.strptime has to say about formatting:
>>> import time
>>> help(time.strptime)
Help on built-in function strptime in module time:
strptime(...)
strptime(string, format) -> struct_time
Parse a string to a time tuple according to a format specification.
See the library reference manual for formatting codes (same as
strftime()).
Commonly used format codes:
%Y Year with century as a decimal number.
%m Month as a decimal number [01,12].
%d Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
%H Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
%M Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
%S Second as a decimal number [00,61].
%z Time zone offset from UTC.
%a Locale's abbreviated weekday name.
%A Locale's full weekday name.
%b Locale's abbreviated month name.
%B Locale's full month name.
%c Locale's appropriate date and time representation.
%I Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
%p Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM.
Other codes may be available on your platform. See documentation for
the C library strftime function.
So a datetime object can be created from a string and an appropriate format:
>>> datetime.datetime.strptime('22/06/2016','%d/%m/%Y')
datetime.datetime(2016, 6, 22, 0, 0)
but you want a date only. Looking back at the help for datetime.datetime, it has a date() method:
>>> datetime.datetime.strptime('22/06/2016','%d/%m/%Y').date()
datetime.date(2016, 6, 22)
For your code (as an MCVE):
import datetime
def date_from_string(strdate):
return datetime.datetime.strptime(strdate,'%d/%m/%Y').date()
class Loan:
def __init__(self, person_name, bookLoaned, loanStart, loanEnd):
self.personName = person_name
self.bookLoaned = bookLoaned
self.loanStart = date_from_string(loanStart)
self.loanEnd = date_from_string(loanEnd)
loan1 = Loan('John doe', 'Book Title', "22/06/2016", "22/06/2018")
This question already has answers here:
Closed 10 years ago.
Possible Duplicate:
How to print date in a regular format in Python?
I would like to know how to convert the following date to natural language, including time zone in python?
input:
"'2012-09-27T02:00:00Z'"
expected output:
Wednesday, September 26 of 2012 Mountain Time
Thanks in advance!
Note Edit:
So far I tried django humanize, although it doesn't handle very well complex date-time strings.
Solution:
Thanks for all the information. I ended up parsing the original string and using pitz and strftime like this:
my_date = '2012-09-27T02:00:00Z'
utc_date_object = datetime(int(my_date[0:4]), int(my_date[5:7]), int(my_date[8:10]),int(my_date[11:13]),int(my_date[14:16]),int(my_date[17:19]),0,pytz.utc)
mt_date_object = utc_date_object.replace(tzinfo=pytz.utc).astimezone(pytz.timezone('US/Mountain'))
natural_date = mt_date_object.strftime("%A, %B %d of %Y")
Output:
'Wednesday, September 26 of 2012'
The Babel project offers a full-featured date and time localization library.
You'll also need the iso8601 module to parse a date-time string with a timezone correctly.
It either formats dates and times based on locale:
>>> from datetime import date, datetime, time
>>> from babel.dates import format_date, format_datetime, format_time
>>> d = date(2007, 4, 1)
>>> format_date(d, locale='en')
u'Apr 1, 2007'
>>> format_date(d, locale='de_DE')
u'01.04.2007'
or it let's you specify the format in detail. This includes formatting the timezone.
Putting the parser and the formatter together:
>>> dt = iso8601.parse_date("2012-08-25T02:00:00Z")
>>> format_date(dt, "MMMM dd, yyyy", locale='en') + ' at ' + format_time(dt, "HH:mm V")
u'August 25, 2012 at 02:00 World (GMT) Time'
Ordinals ('1st', '2nd', etc.) are a little harder to do internationally, and the LDML format used by Babel doesn't include a pattern for these.
If you must have an ordinal in your date formatting (perhaps because you only expect to output in English), you'll have to create those yourself:
>>> suffix = ('st' if dt.day in [1,21,31]
... else 'nd' if dt.day in [2, 22]
... else 'rd' if dt.day in [3, 23]
... else 'th')
>>> u'{date}{suffix}, {year} at {time}'.format(
... date=format_date(dt, "MMMM dd", locale='en'),
... suffix=suffix, year=dt.year,
... time=format_time(dt, "HH:mm V"))
u'August 25th, 2012 at 02:00 World (GMT) Time'
You can get a custom string representation of your date using the strftime() method. strftime accepts a string pattern explaining how you want to format your date.
For example:
print today.strftime('We are the %d, %h %Y')
'We are the 22, Nov 2008'
All the letters after a "%" represent a format for something:
%d is the day number
%m is the month number
%y is the year last two digits
%Y is the all year
https://stackoverflow.com/a/311655
Not 100% the answer to your question, but this code might help you starting formatting time and date:
import datetime
print datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S')
def myFormat(dtime):
if dtime.day in [1,21,31] : ending = "st"
elif dtime.day in [2,22] : ending = "nd"
elif dtime.day in [3,23] : ending = "rd"
else : ending = "th"
return dtime.strftime("%B %d"+ ending + " of %Y")