I would like to realise a monitor window that reports the user about ongoing computations. To do so I wrote a little class. But as I would like to use it accross different modules in an easy fashion I thought to implement it with classmethods. This allows to use it in the following way without instances:
from MonitorModule import Monitor
Monitor.write("xyz")
Also, if I use it in an other module, the output of Monitor.write() within other_module.py will be displayed in the same window.
This I can import in each module to redirect specific outputs to the same monitor. I got it to work except one little thing that I don't understand. I can't close the Monitor-window with the specific handler that I wrote. I could do it with the non-classmethod-way but not with the handler as a classmethod.
Look at the code:
import Tkinter
class Monitor_non_classmothod_way(object):
def __init__(self):
self.mw = Tkinter.Tk()
self.mw.title("Messages by NeuronSimulation")
self.text = Tkinter.Text(self.mw, width = 80, height = 30)
self.text.pack()
self.mw.protocol(name="WM_DELETE_WINDOW", func=self.handler)
self.is_mw = True
def write(self, s):
if self.is_mw:
self.text.insert(Tkinter.END, str(s) + "\n")
else:
print str(s)
def handler(self):
self.is_mw = False
self.mw.quit()
self.mw.destroy()
class Monitor(object):
#classmethod
def write(cls, s):
if cls.is_mw:
cls.text.insert(Tkinter.END, str(s) + "\n")
else:
print str(s)
#classmethod
def handler(cls):
cls.is_mw = False
cls.mw.quit()
cls.mw.destroy()
mw = Tkinter.Tk()
mw.title("Messages by NeuronSimulation")
text = Tkinter.Text(mw, width = 80, height = 30)
text.pack()
mw.protocol(name="WM_DELETE_WINDOW", func=handler)
close = handler
is_mw = True
a = Monitor_non_classmothod_way()
a.write("Hello Monitor one!")
# click the close button: it works
b = Monitor()
Monitor.write("Hello Monitor two!")
# click the close button: it DOESN'T work, BUT:
# >>> Monitor.close()
# works...
So, the classmethod seems to work and also seems to be accessible in the right way! Any idea, what went wrong, that it doesn't work with the button?
Cheers, Philipp
You don't need lots of classmethods just to make it easy to use an object across multiple modules.
Instead consider making an instance at module import time as shown here:
import Tkinter
class Monitor(object):
def __init__(self):
self.mw = Tkinter.Tk()
self.mw.title("Messages by NeuronSimulation")
self.text = Tkinter.Text(self.mw, width = 80, height = 30)
self.text.pack()
self.mw.protocol(name="WM_DELETE_WINDOW", func=self.handler)
self.is_mw = True
def write(self, s):
if self.is_mw:
self.text.insert(Tkinter.END, str(s) + "\n")
else:
print str(s)
def handler(self):
self.is_mw = False
self.mw.quit()
self.mw.destroy()
monitor = Monitor()
other_module.py
from monitor import monitor
monitor.write("Foo")
Related
I want to use the bot_create function with a button but I keep getting (on line 20) the problem "bots not defined" so I moved the function down below the button but got the problem "bot_create not defined".
I didn't get this problem using C++ and I'm new to Python. How should I arrange the functions?
import tkinter as tk
import numpy as np
import multiprocessing as mp
bots_max = 1000 # Maximum number of bots
bot = []
bot_count = 0
# Menu functions
def save_field():
pass
# Field functions
def field_clear():
pass
# Bots functions
def bots_create():
bot[bot_count] = bots
bot_count += 1
main = tk.Tk()
field_sides = 600
ctrls_width = 200
main.geometry("800x600")
main.resizable(0, 0)
main.title("Swarm Simulator v1.0")
# Controls menu on left side
button1 = tk.Button(main, text = "Button 1").pack(side = "left", command = bots_create())
class environment:
def __init__():
pass
class wall:
def __init__():
pass
# Bots
class bots:
alive = True
def __init__():
alive = True
# Field where bots live
field = tk.Canvas(main, width = field_sides, height = field_sides, bg = "white").pack(side = "right")
for particle in bots:
print("|")
main.mainloop()
Here's a version of your code that fixes all the syntactic problems, and so compiles (what I really mean is that my IDE now thinks its ok). It also runs, but I don't know if it does what you intended. See my comments in the code:
import tkinter as tk
import numpy as np
import multiprocessing as mp
# moved your class defs up to fix problems with accessing them before they are defined
class environment:
def __init__(self): # need a self param here
pass
class wall:
def __init__(self): # need a self param here
pass
# Bots
class bots:
alive = True
def __init__(self): # need a self param here
alive = True
bots_max = 1000 # Maximum number of bots
bot = []
# bot_count = 0 # this no longer does anything. use `len(bot)` to get the number of objects in the 'bot' list
# Menu functions
def save_field():
pass
# Field functions
def field_clear():
pass
# Bots functions
def bots_create():
# bot[bot_count] = bots # this will crash as it is referring to a non-existent location in the list
# also, your use of "bots" here makes no sense
# bot_count += 1 # this makes 'bot_count' a local variable, which is not what you want
bot.append(bots()) # not sure this is what you want, but this creates a new 'bots' object and adds it to the 'bot' list
main = tk.Tk()
field_sides = 600
ctrls_width = 200
main.geometry("800x600")
main.resizable(0, 0)
main.title("Swarm Simulator v1.0")
# Controls menu on left side
button1 = tk.Button(main, text = "Button 1").pack(side = "left", command = bots_create())
# Field where bots live
field = tk.Canvas(main, width = field_sides, height = field_sides, bg = "white").pack(side = "right")
for particle in bot: # maybe you want to iterate over the 'bot' list instead of the 'bots' type?
print("|")
main.mainloop()
As #khelwood says, it seems that you should swap the use of the names bot and bots per the way you are using them
Sorry for my very basic problem but I have been searching around of an answer for an hour to no avail.
this is my basic code:
class LoginScreen(Screen):
def __init__(self,**kwargs):
super(LoginScreen,self).__init__(**kwargs)
l = BoxLayout(orientation='vertical')
sound_btn = Button(text="Play Sound", font_size = 300)
word_bx = TextInput(multiline=False,hint_text='type here...',font_size=300)
submit_btn = Button(text = 'Submit', font_size=300)
submit_btn.bind(on_press = self.submitAction)
l.add_widget(sound_btn)
l.add_widget(word_bx)
l.add_widget(submit_btn)
self.add_widget(l)
def submitAction(self,*args):
if self.word_bx.text == KivyApp.word:
KivyApp.point+=1
self.word_bx.text=""
KivyApp.i +=1
print(KivyApp.point)
As you can see, in the submitAction function I want to reference the word_bx widget, but this throws an error stating that Class LoginPage has no attribute word_bx. I then tried to place 'ids' infront of self but that throws another error. What am I doing wrong? sorry for my incompetence..
These lines
word_bx = TextInput(multiline=False,hint_text='type here...',font_size=300)
...
l.add_widget(word_bx)
define word_bx as a temporary variable. It's not available after __init__() exits. If you want it to be persistent so that you can access it from other methods, you need to make it a member of the class.
self.word_bx = TextInput(multiline=False,hint_text='type here...',font_size=300)
...
l.add_widget(self.word_bx)
Then the line
self.word_bx.text=""
in submitAction() will refer to something that actually exists.
I fixed it using Lambda and making the function external to the class:
def submitAction(text):
if text == KivyApp.word:
KivyApp.point+=1
KivyApp.i +=1
print(KivyApp.point)
class LoginScreen(Screen):
def __init__(self,**kwargs):
super(LoginScreen,self).__init__(**kwargs)
l = BoxLayout(orientation='vertical')
sound_btn = Button(text="Play Sound", font_size = 300)
word_bx = TextInput(multiline=False,hint_text='type here...',font_size=300)
submit_btn = Button(text = 'Submit', font_size=300)
submit_btn.bind(on_press = lambda *a:submitAction(word_bx.text))
l.add_widget(sound_btn)
l.add_widget(word_bx)
l.add_widget(submit_btn)
self.add_widget(l)
I've recently needed to do some GUI work with Python and stumbled on Tkinter. For the most part, I like it; it's clean and mostly intuitive and brief. There is, however, one little sticking point for me: sometimes it crashes out of nowhere. The program will run normally five times in a row and then the sixth time, halfway through it will freeze and I will get the error
Tcl_AsyncDelete: async handler deleted by the wrong thread
My efforts to find a solution to this problem, both on this website and others, all have to do with multithreading, but I don't use multiple threads. Not explicitly, anyway. I suspect the fact that I have a timer in the GUI is to blame, but I have not been able to figure out why the error pops up, or indeed why it is so infrequent.
What follows is the shortest tkinter program I've written. This happens in all of them, so I suspect the problem will be easiest to see here. Any and all help is appreciated, just don't point me toward another solution without telling me how it applies to my code, because I assure you, I have looked at it, and it either doesn't apply or I didn't understand how it did. I don't mind having missed the answer, but I'm new to tkinter (and to multithreading in general) so I might need it told more explicitly.
This code is for a simulation of a game show I saw online. Most of it can probably be safely ignored, but I'm pasting it all here because I don't know where the error is from.
import re
from tkinter import Tk, Frame, DISABLED, Button, Label, font, NORMAL, ttk
from random import choice
import winsound
class Question:
def __init__(self, t, a, o):
self.text = t.strip().capitalize() + "?"
self.answer = a.strip().title()
self.options = o
self.firstIsRight = self.answer.lower() == self.options[0].lower()
assert self.firstIsRight or self.answer.lower() == self.options[1].lower(), self
def __eq__(self, other):
return self.text == other.text
def __repr__(self):
return "{1} or {2}, {0}".format(self.text, self.options[0], self.options[1])
class Application(Frame):
def __init__(self, master=None):
self.setup()
Frame.__init__(self, master)
self.grid()
self.customFont = font.Font(family="Times New Roman", size=30)
self.createWidgets()
def setup(self):
self.questions = []
with open("twentyone.txt",'r') as file:
for line in file:
groups = re.split("[,\.\?]",line)
answers = re.split(" or ",groups[0])
self.questions.append(Question(groups[1], groups[2], answers))
def createWidgets(self):
self.gamePanel = Frame(self)
self.gamePanel.grid(column=0,row=0)
self.displayPanel = Frame(self)
self.displayPanel.grid(column=0,row=1)
self.buttonPanel = Frame(self)
self.buttonPanel.grid(column=0,row=2)
self.QUIT = Button(self.buttonPanel,text="QUIT",font=self.customFont,command=self.quit)
self.QUIT.grid(row=0,column=2)
self.BEGIN = Button(self.buttonPanel, text="BEGIN",font=self.customFont, command = self.begin)
self.BEGIN.grid(row=0,column=0)
self.STOP = Button(self.buttonPanel, text="STOP",font=self.customFont, command = self.stop)
self.STOP.grid(row=0,column=1)
self.STOP["state"] = DISABLED
self.TITLE = Label(self.gamePanel,text="21 Questions Wrong",font=self.customFont,bg="Black",fg="White")
self.TITLE.grid(columnspan=2)
self.questionText = Label(self.gamePanel,text="Questions go here",font=self.customFont,wraplength=400)
self.questionText.grid(row=1,columnspan=2)
self.leftChoice = Button(self.gamePanel,text="Option 1",font=self.customFont)
self.leftChoice.grid(row=2,column=0)
self.rightChoice = Button(self.gamePanel,text="Option 2",font=self.customFont)
self.rightChoice.grid(row=2,column=1)
self.timerText = Label(self.displayPanel, text="150",font=self.customFont)
self.timerText.grid(row=0)
self.progress = ttk.Progressbar(self.displayPanel, length=100,maximum=22)
self.progress.grid(row=0,column=1,padx=10)
def begin(self):
self.timer(250)
self.asked = []
self.STOP["state"] = NORMAL
self.leftChoice["state"] = NORMAL
self.rightChoice["state"] = NORMAL
self.restart = False
self.askNewQuestion()
def askNewQuestion(self):
if self.restart:
self.currentQuestion = self.asked[int(self.progress["value"])]
else:
self.currentQuestion = choice([i for i in self.questions if i not in self.asked])
self.asked.append(self.currentQuestion)
self.questionDisplay()
def questionDisplay(self):
self.questionText["text"] = self.currentQuestion.text
self.leftChoice["text"] = self.currentQuestion.options[0]
self.rightChoice["text"] = self.currentQuestion.options[1]
if self.currentQuestion.firstIsRight:
self.leftChoice["command"] = self.correct
self.rightChoice["command"] = self.wrong
else:
self.leftChoice["command"] = self.wrong
self.rightChoice["command"] = self.correct
def correct(self):
self.progress.step()
if self.progress["value"] >= 21:
self.gameOver(True, 21)
else:
if self.progress["value"] >= len(self.asked):
self.restart = False
self.askNewQuestion()
def wrong(self):
self.restart = True
self.progress["value"] = 0
winsound.Beep(750,700)
self.askNewQuestion()
def stop(self):
self.after_cancel(self.timerAfter)
self.BEGIN["state"] = NORMAL
self.STOP["state"] = DISABLED
def gameOver(self, success, longest):
self.after_cancel(self.timerAfter)
self.BEGIN["state"] = NORMAL
self.STOP["state"] = DISABLED
self.questionText["text"] = "Congratulations!" if success else "Too Bad!"
self.leftChoice["text"] = "Game"
self.leftChoice["state"] = DISABLED
self.rightChoice["text"] = "Over"
self.rightChoice["state"] = DISABLED
self.showPoints(success, longest)
def showPoints(self, s, l):
if s:
timeTaken = max(0, 100-int(self.timerText["text"]))
print("You scored {0} points".format(1000-10*timeTaken))
else:
print("You scored no points")
def timer(self, time):
self.BEGIN["state"] = DISABLED
self.STOP["state"] = NORMAL
self.runTimer(time)
def runTimer(self, current=None, resume=False):
if current is not None:
self.current = current
self.timerText["text"] = self.current
if self.current == 0:
self.gameOver(False, len(self.asked)-1)
else:
self.current -= 1
self.timerAfter = self.after(1000,self.runTimer)
root = Tk()
app = Application(master=root)
app.master.title("Score Calculator!")
app.anchor("center")
root.mainloop()
root.destroy()
I am working on a tool to log on a motorolla modem, i get it working and display the output on the python console, this tool have 2 part one part with the gui and the button, label and text frame.
i would like to get the output displayed on the Gui and not to the console.
how can i get that done
here is the files :
from Tkinter import *
import motorola
class Application(object):
def init(self):
self.fen = Tk()
self.fen.title("Motorola tool V 0.1")
self.fen.geometry("720x480")
Label(self.fen,
text = "IP address").grid(row=0)
#self.entree = MaxLengthEntry(self.fen, maxlength=5)
self.entree1 = Entry(self.fen)
self.entree1.grid(row=0, column=1)
Label(self.fen,
text = "Password").grid(row=2)
#self.entree = MaxLengthEntry(self.fen, maxlength=5)
self.entree2 = Entry(self.fen)
self.entree2.grid(row=2, column=1)
Button(self.fen, text = 'Connect',
command = self.launch).grid(row = 3, column=2)
Button(self.fen, text = 'Disconect',
command = self.exits).grid(row = 3, column=3)
Button(self.fen, text = 'Quit',
command = self.fen.quit).grid(row = 5, sticky = E)
self.output = Text(self.fen)
self.output.grid(row = 7, column = 1)
self.fen.mainloop()
def launch(self):
self.ip = self.entree1.get()
self.passw = self.entree2.get()
print self.ip, self.passw
if self.passw == "":
self.entree2.config(bg = 'red')
self.fen.after(1000, self.empty)
else:
self.f = motorola.Motorola(self.ip, self.passw)
self.f.sh_dsl()
def empty(self):
self.entree2.configure(bg='white')
def exits(self):
try:
self.f.disconnect()
except AttributeError:
print "You are not connected"
a = Application()
motorola file :
class Motorola(object):
def init(self, ip, passw):
self.ip = ip
self.passw = passw
print "connect on the modem"
self.tn = telnetlib.Telnet(self.ip, '2323' , timeout =5)
self. tn.read_until("login: ")
self.tn.write('radadmin\r\n')
self.tn.read_until("Password:")
self.tn.write(self.passw+"\r\n")
data = self.tn.read_until(">")
print "you are connected"
print data,
def disconnect(self):
self.tn.close()
print "disconnect from the modem"
import telnetlib
once i connect on the modem with the button which launch motorola module, how can the data could be displayed on the frame text of the gui module ?
Thank you
The basic idea is that you have to replace each print with some code that adds the string to the GUI.
The trick is that a Motorola instance probably doesn't know how to do that. So, what you want to do is pass it something—self, or self.output, or best of all, a function (closure) that appends to self.output. Then the Motorola code doesn't have to know anything about Tk (and doesn't have to change if you later write a wx GUI); it just has a function it can call to output a string. For example:
def outputter(msg):
self.output.insert(END, msg + "\n")
self.f = motorola.Motorola(self.ip, self.passw, outputter)
Then, inside the Motorola object, just store that parameter and call it everywhere you were using print:
def __init__(self, ip, passw, outputter):
self.outputter = outputter
# ...
self.outputter("connect on the modem")
That almost does it, but how you do handle the magic trailing comma of the print function, or even simple things like multiple arguments or printing out numbers? Well, you just need to make outputter a little smarter. You could look at the interface of the Python 3 print function for inspiration:
def outputter(*msgs, **kwargs):
sep = kwargs.get("sep", " ")
end = kwargs.get("end", "\n")
self.output.insert(END, sep.join(msgs) + end)
You could go farther—converting non-strings to strings (but not breaking Unicode), etc.—but really, why? If you're trying to get too fancy with print or with your outputter function, you probably want to let str.format do the heavy lifting instead…
Anyway, now, instead of:
print data,
You do:
self.outputter(data, end='')
And all of your other print statements are trivial.
I am working on an application using PyQt4 and the designer it provides. I have a main window application that works fine, but I wanted to create custom message dialogs. I designed a dialog and set up some custom signal/slot connections in the __init__ method and wrote an if __name__=='__main__': and had a test. The custom slots work fine. However, when I create an instance of my dialog from my main window application, none of the buttons work. Here is my dialog:
from PyQt4.QtGui import *
from PyQt4.QtCore import *
import sys
import encode_dialog_ui
# Ui_EncodeDialog is the python class generated by pyuic4 from the Designer
class EncodeDialog(encode_dialog_ui.Ui_EncodeDialog):
def __init__(self, parent, in_org_im, txt_file, in_enc_im):
self.qd = QDialog(parent)
self.setupUi(self.qd)
self.qd.show()
self.message = (txt_file.split("/")[-1] + " encoded into " +
in_org_im.split("/")[-1] + " and written to " +
in_enc_im.split("/")[-1] + ".")
QObject.connect(self.view_image_button, SIGNAL("clicked()"),
self.on_view_image_button_press)
self.org_im = in_org_im
self.enc_im = in_enc_im
self.encoded_label.setText(self.message)
def on_view_image_button_press(self):
print "hello world"
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
tmp = QMainWindow()
myg = EncodeDialog(tmp,'flower2.png','b','flower.png')
app.exec_()
If I run this class it works fine, and pressing the view_image_button prints hello world to the console. However when I use the call
#self.mw is a QMainWindow, the rest are strings
EncodeDialog(self.mw, self.encode_image_filename,
self.encode_txt_filename,
self.encode_new_image_filename)
in my main window class, the dialog displays correctly but the view_image_button does nothing when clicked. I have googled for a solution, but couldn't find anything useful. Let me know if you need any more information. Any help on this would be appreciated!
As requested below is some more code from my main window class for brevity's sake I have added ellipses to remove code that seemed irrelevant. If no one can think of anything still, I will add more. (If indenting is a little off, it happened in copy-pasting. The orignal code is correct)
class MyGUI(MainWindow.Ui_MainWindow):
def __init__(self):
self.mw = QMainWindow()
self.setupUi(self.mw)
self.mw.show()
self.encode_red_bits = 1
self.encode_blue_bits = 1
self.encode_green_bits = 1
self.decode_red_bits = 1
self.decode_blue_bits = 1
self.decode_green_bits = 1
self.encode_image_filename = ""
self.encode_new_image_filename = ""
self.encode_txt_filename = ""
self.decode_image_filename = ""
self.decode_txt_filename = ""
# Encode events
...
QObject.connect(self.encode_button, SIGNAL("clicked()"),
self.on_encode_button_press)
# Decode events
...
# Encode event handlers
...
def on_encode_button_press(self):
tmp = QErrorMessage(self.mw)
if (self.encode_image_filename != "" and
self.encode_new_image_filename != "" and
self.encode_txt_filename != ""):
try:
im = Steganography.encode(self.encode_image_filename, self.encode_txt_filename,
self.encode_red_bits, self.encode_green_bits,
self.encode_blue_bits)
im.save(self.encode_new_image_filename)
encode_dialog.EncodeDialog(self.mw, self.encode_image_filename,
self.encode_txt_filename,
self.encode_new_image_filename)
except Steganography.FileTooLargeException:
tmp.showMessage(self.encode_txt_filename.split("/")[-1] +
" is to large to be encoded into " +
self.encode_image_filename.split("/")[-1])
else:
tmp.showMessage("Please specify all filenames.")
# Decode event handlers
...
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
myg = MyGUI()
app.exec_()
It feels like the signal is just not getting passed from the parent down to your child QDIalog.
Try these suggestions:
Use the new method for connecting signals
Instead of extending the classes pyuic created, extend the actual QT classes and call the ones generated by pyuic
Your new code will look something like this:
class MyGUI(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
QMainWindow.__init__(self, parent)
self.mw = MainWindow.Ui_MainWindow()
self.mw.setupUi(self)
self.mw.show()
...
self.encode_button.clicked.connect(self.on_encode_button_press)
...
class EncodeDialog(QDialog):
def __init__(self, parent, in_org_im, txt_file, in_enc_im):
QDialog.__init__(self, parent)
self.qd = encode_dialog_ui.Ui_EncodeDialog()
self.qd.setupUi(self)
self.qd.show()
...
self.view_image_button.clicked.connect(self.on_view_image_button_press)
...