I'm using the standard routing module with pylons to try and setup a default route for the home page of my website.
I've followed the instructions in the docs and here http://routes.groovie.org/recipes.html but when I try http://127.0.0.1:5000/ I just get the 'Welcome to Pylons' default page.
My config/routing.py file looks like this
from pylons import config
from routes import Mapper
def make_map():
"""Create, configure and return the routes Mapper"""
map = Mapper(directory=config['pylons.paths']['controllers'],
always_scan=config['debug'])
map.minimization = False
map.connect('/error/{action}', controller='error')
map.connect('/error/{action}/{id}', controller='error')
# CUSTOM ROUTES HERE
map.connect( '', controller='main', action='index' )
map.connect('/{controller}/{action}')
map.connect('/{controller}/{action}/{id}')
return map
I've also tried
map.connect( '/', controller='main', action='index' )
and (using http://127.0.0.1:5000/homepage/)
map.connect( 'homepage', controller='main', action='index' )
But nothing works at all. I know its reloading my config file as I used
paster serve --reload development.ini
to start the server
system info
$ paster --version
PasteScript 1.7.3 from /Library/Python/2.5/site-packages/PasteScript-1.7.3-py2.5.egg (python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Feb 6 2009, 19:02:12))
You have to delete the static page (myapp/public/index.html). Static
files take priority due to the Cascade configuration at the end of
middleware.py.
Related
I am reading 'Head First Python'. I am on Chapter 10 where Google App Engine is introduced. The initial hello world of using Python and Google App Engine was successful but subsequent programs have all failed.
I have the following app.yaml file:
application: three
version: 1
runtime: python27
api_version: 1
threadsafe: false
handlers:
- url: /.*
script: page368b.py
libraries:
- name: django
version: "1.3"
With the following Python code (page368b.py):
import wsgiref.handlers
from google.appengine.ext import webapp
from google.appengine.ext import db
from google.appengine.ext.webapp import template
#this line throws the error when accessing the web-page
from google.appengine.ext.db import djangoforms
import birthDB
class BirthDetailsForm(djangoforms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = birthDB.BirthDetails
class SimpleInput(webapp.RequestHandler):
def get(self):
html = template.render('templates/header.html', {'title': 'Provide your birth details'})
html = html + template.render('templates/form_start.html', {})
html = html + str(BirthDetailsForm(auto_id=False))
html = html + template.render('templates/form_end.html', {'sub_title': 'Submit Details'})
html = html + template.render('templates/footer.html', {'links': ''})
self.response.out.write(html)
def main():
app = webapp.WSGIApplication([('/.*', SimpleInput)], debug=True)
wsgiref.handlers.CGIHandler().run(app)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Here is another Python module imported into the one above called birthDB.py:
from google.appengine.ext import db
class BirthDetails(db.Model):
name = db.StringProperty()
date_of_birth = db.DateProperty()
time_of_birth = db.TimeProperty()
There is a templates folder that the above Python module calls. They have HTML code in them with some Django code. Here is an example using the footer.html.
<p>
{{ links }}
</p>
</body>
</html>
The other HTML files are similar. I can start the Google App Engine with no problems using this command from BASH: python google_appengine/dev_appserver.py ~/Desktop/three The directory three contains the templates folder, the app.yaml file, the Python modules shown above.
My problem is when I access the web-page at http://localhost:8080 nothing is there and the BASH shell where the command is run to start this shows all the calls in the Python program that caused the problem and then finally says: ImportError: Settings cannot be imported, because environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE is undefined.
I have read in a few different places a few different things to try so I thought I would go ahead and make a new post and hope that some expert Python programmers would chime in and lend their assistance to a lost hobbit such as myself.
Also, the book says to install Python2.5 to use this code but Google App Engine now supports Python2.7 that was not available as of the time of the books writing. Also, I just checked and Python2.5 is not even an option to use with Google App Engine. Python2.5 deprecated
This is probably too complex to solve on here. I am surprised all of these different technologies are used in a Head First Python book. It is asking a lot of a Python noob. ^_^
Regards,
user_loser
UPDATE - I installed Django on my Ubuntu Operating System
When I change the line in the python module 368b.py from google.appengine.ext.db import djangoforms to from django import forms I receive the following error on the console when accessing the web-page on localhost:
loser#loser-basic-box:~/Desktop$ google_appengine/dev_appserver.py three
INFO 2014-09-06 21:08:36,669 api_server.py:171] Starting API server at: http://localhost:56044
INFO 2014-09-06 21:08:36,677 dispatcher.py:183] Starting module "default" running at: http://localhost:8080
INFO 2014-09-06 21:08:36,678 admin_server.py:117] Starting admin server at: http://localhost:8000
ERROR 2014-09-06 21:08:48,942 cgi.py:121] Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/loser/Desktop/three/page368b.py", line 13, in <module>
class BirthDetailsForm(forms.ModelForm):
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/lib/django-1.3/django/forms/models.py", line 205, in __new__
opts.exclude, opts.widgets, formfield_callback)
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/lib/django-1.3/django/forms/models.py", line 145, in fields_for_model
opts = model._meta
AttributeError: type object 'BirthDetails' has no attribute '_meta'
INFO 2014-09-06 21:08:48,953 module.py:652] default: "GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 -
ERROR 2014-09-06 21:08:49,031 cgi.py:121] Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/loser/Desktop/three/page368b.py", line 13, in <module>
class BirthDetailsForm(forms.ModelForm):
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/lib/django-1.3/django/forms/models.py", line 205, in __new__
opts.exclude, opts.widgets, formfield_callback)
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/lib/django-1.3/django/forms/models.py", line 145, in fields_for_model
opts = model._meta
AttributeError: type object 'BirthDetails' has no attribute '_meta'
Update Errors from running the program as is without making any changes:
loser#loser-basic-box:~/Desktop$ google_appengine/dev_appserver.py three/
INFO 2014-09-06 21:35:19,347 api_server.py:171] Starting API server at: http://localhost:60503
INFO 2014-09-06 21:35:19,356 dispatcher.py:183] Starting module "default" running at: http://localhost:8080
INFO 2014-09-06 21:35:19,358 admin_server.py:117] Starting admin server at: http://localhost:8000
ERROR 2014-09-06 21:35:25,011 cgi.py:121] Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/loser/Desktop/three/page368b.py", line 13, in <module>
class BirthDetailsForm(djangoforms.ModelForm):
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/google/appengine/ext/db/djangoforms.py", line 772, in __new__
form_field = prop.get_form_field()
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/google/appengine/ext/db/djangoforms.py", line 370, in get_form_field
return super(DateProperty, self).get_form_field(**defaults)
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/google/appengine/ext/db/djangoforms.py", line 353, in get_form_field
return super(DateTimeProperty, self).get_form_field(**defaults)
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/google/appengine/ext/db/djangoforms.py", line 200, in get_form_field
return form_class(**defaults)
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/lib/django-1.3/django/forms/fields.py", line 340, in __init__
super(DateField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/lib/django-1.3/django/forms/fields.py", line 99, in __init__
widget = widget()
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/lib/django-1.3/django/forms/widgets.py", line 382, in __init__
self.format = formats.get_format('DATE_INPUT_FORMATS')[0]
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/lib/django-1.3/django/utils/formats.py", line 67, in get_format
if use_l10n or (use_l10n is None and settings.USE_L10N):
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/lib/django-1.3/django/utils/functional.py", line 276, in __getattr__
self._setup()
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/lib/django-1.3/django/conf/__init__.py", line 40, in _setup
raise ImportError("Settings cannot be imported, because environment variable %s is undefined." % ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE)
ImportError: Settings cannot be imported, because environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE is undefined.
I assume you're working with the example code that accompanies the book, available from this website: http://examples.oreilly.com/0636920003434/
If you download and expand the chapter 10 archive (chapter10.zip), you'll see several example files, and also several .zip archives. The page368b.py file corresponds with the webapp-chapter10-simpleform.zip archive. Open that archive to create a webapp-chapter10-simpleform directory. This directory contains an app.yaml file, the simpleform.py file (identical to page368b.py), birthDB.py (an ext.db model class), and static and template file directories.
Unfortunately, as you may have already noticed, the example doesn't work out of the box with the latest SDK. (I'm using version 1.9.10 of the SDK, which was just released.) It reports "ImportError: No module named django.core.exceptions" when you attempt to load the page. Strictly speaking, this example is not a Django application, but is merely trying to use a library that depends on Django being present.
The Python 2.5 runtime environment, which is selected by the app.yaml file included with this example, is meant to include Django 0.96 by default. However, this behavior has changed in the SDK since Head First Python was written. The smallest fix to get this example to work is to add these lines to simpleform.py prior to the import of djangoforms:
import os
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'settings'
from google.appengine.dist import use_library
use_library('django', '0.96')
Then create a file named settings.py in your application root directory (the webapp-chapter10-simpleform directory). This file can be empty in this case. (As other commenters have noted, there is a better way to generate this file when using the Django framework, but in this case we just need the import to succeed.)
To upgrade this example to use the Python 2.7 runtime environment, modify app.yaml as follows:
application: simpleform
version: 1
runtime: python27
api_version: 1
threadsafe: true
handlers:
- url: /static
static_dir: static
- url: /*.
script: simpleform.app
The changes:
runtime: is now python27
threadsafe: true is added
The reference to simpleform.py is now a Python object path to the global variable app.
Then modify simpleform.py so that everything following the definition of the SimpleInput class is replaced with:
app = webapp.WSGIApplication([('/.*', SimpleInput)], debug=True)
Instead of running the simpleform.py script, the Python 2.7 runtime environment imports it as a module, then looks for a WSGI application object in a global variable. The lines we removed executed the app, and that's now done for us by the runtime environment.
From here, you can use a libraries: clause as you have done to select a newer version of Django, if you wish. A quick test in a dev server shows that the modified example works with Django 1.5, which is the latest supported version.
I have some usernames, passwords and other configurations setup in the environment variables of an ec2 instance. I have created a virtualenv setup and active where I run my django server. In the settings file of that django server I access the environment variables as os.environ['variable'].
Outside the virtualenv the site could access those variables fine. When I run printenv, I see all the variables and the values.
However, the server cannot find them and is throwing key errors as a result when I call os.environ on them.
setup = ec2 instance - mod_wsgi - nginx - apache
UPDATE
This started working by setting the variables in django.wsgi in the following way.
os.environ['SQL_PASSWORD'] = 'password'
That alone stopped working once I upgraded to the new ec2 hardware. I am not sure how that was related.
Now, what worked finally was setting the variables individually using SetEnv in the apache config file. Still not optimal because I have to keep the config file checked out on the production machine but it unblocks me.
SetEnv SQL_PASSWORD password
I use nginx and uwsgi on Ec2 and have a chef recipe that builds out my servers. To solve this problem, in chef I have roles that contain credentials not stored in the app's repo.
file at /home/user/web/site/environment that chef creates based on roles.
MYSQL_DATABASE=databasename
MYSQL_USER=databaseuser
MYSQL_PASSWORD=databasepassword
MYSQL_HOST=databaseip
MYSQL_PORT=3306
REDIS_HOST=redishost
REDIS_PASSWORD=redispassword
REDIS_PORT=6379
REDIS_DB=0
MEDIA_ROOT=/home/user/web/site/media
STATIC_ROOT=/home/user/web/site/static
at the beginning of my production/staging/etc settings file I have the following block to read the environment file
import os, re
try:
dirname = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
# my environment file is always in the same place relative to my project's settings file
env_path = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(dirname, '..', '..', '..', '..', 'environment'))
with open(env_path) as f:
content = f.read()
for line in content.splitlines():
m1 = re.match(r'\A([A-Za-z_0-9]+)=(.*)\Z', line)
if m1:
key, val = m1.group(1), m1.group(2)
m2 = re.match(r"\A'(.*)'\Z", val)
if m2:
val = m2.group(1)
m3 = re.match(r'\A"(.*)"\Z', val)
if m3:
val = re.sub(r'\\(.)', r'\1', m3.group(1))
os.environ.setdefault(key, val)
except IOError:
pass
Voila, settings are source controlled in a separately managed repo (chef's) and loaded into the app. This may not be the BEST way, but it is fairly secure b/c of how permissions are locked down on the chef repo and the target servers and easy to deploy.
I wanted to create a simple app using webapp2. Because I have Google App Engine installed, and I want to use it outside of GAE, I followed the instructions on this page: http://webapp-improved.appspot.com/tutorials/quickstart.nogae.html
This all went well, my main.py is running, it is handling requests correctly. However, I can't access resources directly.
http://localhost:8080/myimage.jpg or http://localhost:8080/mydata.json
always returns a 404 resource not found page.
It doesn't matter if I put the resources on the WebServer/Documents/ or in the folder where the virtualenv is active.
Please help! :-)
(I am on a Mac 10.6 with Python 2.7)
(Adapted from this question)
Looks like webapp2 doesn't have a static file handler; you'll have to roll your own. Here's a simple one:
import mimetypes
class StaticFileHandler(webapp2.RequestHandler):
def get(self, path):
# edit the next line to change the static files directory
abs_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), path)
try:
f = open(abs_path, 'r')
self.response.headers.add_header('Content-Type', mimetypes.guess_type(abs_path)[0])
self.response.out.write(f.read())
f.close()
except IOError: # file doesn't exist
self.response.set_status(404)
And in your app object, add a route for StaticFileHandler:
app = webapp2.WSGIApplication([('/', MainHandler), # or whatever it's called
(r'/static/(.+)', StaticFileHandler), # add this
# other routes
])
Now http://localhost:8080/static/mydata.json (say) will load mydata.json.
Keep in mind that this code is a potential security risk: It allows any visitors to your website to read everything in your static directory. For this reason, you should keep all your static files to a directory that doesn't contain anything you'd like to restrict access to (e.g. the source code).
How do I run OpenERP on uWSGI?
I found this wsgi script online, but I'm not sure where to place it?
import openerp
try:
import uwsgi
uwsgi.port_fork_hook = openerp.wsgi.core.on_starting
except:
openerp.wsgi.core.on_starting()
# Equivalent of --load command-line option
openerp.conf.server_wide_modules = ['web']
# internal TODO: use openerp.conf.xxx when available
conf = openerp.tools.config
# Path to the OpenERP Addons repository (comma-separated for
# multiple locations)
conf['addons_path'] = '/home/openerp/addons/trunk,/home/openerp/web/trunk/addons'
# Optional database config if not using local socket
#conf['db_name'] = 'mycompany'
#conf['db_host'] = 'localhost'
#conf['db_user'] = 'foo'
#conf['db_port'] = 5432
#conf['db_password'] = 'secret'
# OpenERP Log Level
# DEBUG=10, DEBUG_RPC=8, DEBUG_RPC_ANSWER=6, DEBUG_SQL=5, INFO=20,
# WARNING=30, ERROR=40, CRITICAL=50
# conf['log_level'] = 20
# If --static-http-enable is used, path for the static web directory
#conf['static_http_document_root'] = '/var/www'
# vim:expandtab:smartindent:tabstop=4:softtabstop=4:shiftwidth=4:
application = openerp.wsgi.core.application
I installed OpenERP in a virtual environment in /var/www/openerp/venv and I can run it by calling $ openerp-server.
Thanks in advance.
you can just put the script file in the same directory with the openerp-server.py file.
however when I test it it doesnot work since gunicorn cannot find the openerp in the
import openerp sentence. the reason is that openerp is not installed as a python module to the system with the installation procedures around.
I think it will work when you do a openerp install with the DEB package. (when you make such install you should disable the start script so it will just work from gunicorn.
let me also make a test install and share the result.
I just built my first Bottle.py app on GAE. It's working except that when I change the templates I have to restart the dev server to see the changes. The docs say that template caching is supposed to be disabled when bottle.debug(True), and that you can call bottle.TEMPLTE.clear() as well, but neither of those work. I also tried setting run(reloader=True) but that causes an error. What am I doing wrong? Does bottle.debug() work for anyone else on GAE?
import bottle
bottle.debug(True)
bottle.TEMPLATES.clear()
#bottle.route('/')
def index(name='World'):
return bottle.template('main')
bottle.run(server='gae')
Update:
Instead of using bottle.run(server='gae'), I included the standard main() function myself and now it works.
def main():
app = bottle.default_app()
util.run_wsgi_app(app)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
The standard method introduced by Bottle/GAE doc is:
app = bottle.app()
then invoke dev_appserver.py, it reads app.yaml and import your app from the script you defined, and handle everything else for a GAE environment.
You shouldn't run your .py directly. Running from the bottle way will skip those handles from dev_appserver, including the template cached mechanism. Of course, using the util from Google does trick way and works, but according to uwsgi or other wsgi related projects' documents, the app variable in the script module is the object should be offered for the upper handling.
From the documentation:
Templates are cached in memory after compilation. Modifications made to the template files will have no affect until you clear the template cache. Call bottle.TEMPLATES.clear() to do so. Caching is disabled in debug mode.
The method run:
bottle.run( debug = True )
will enable debuggmode.
The default template is SimpleTemplate in stable version 0.11.6.
You can write your own adapter for your favourite template engine or
use one of the predefined adapters. Currently there are four fully
supported template engines:
Class,URL,Decorator,Render,function
SimpleTemplate, SimpleTemplate, Engine, view(), template()
MakoTemplate, http://www.makotemplates.org, mako_view(), mako_template()
CheetahTemplate, http://www.cheetahtemplate.org/, cheetah_view(), cheetah_template()
Jinja2Template, http://jinja.pocoo.org/, jinja2_view(), jinja2_template()
>>> Try using some other template engine, than the default. <<<
To use MakoTemplate as your default template engine, just import its
specialised decorator and render function:
from bottle import mako_view as view, mako_template as template
>>> Check that you dont have duplicated files in the view paths <<<
TEMPLATE_PATH = ['./', './views/']
>>> Print out templates dictionary <<<
print bottle.TEMPLATES