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Practical GUI toolkit?
Hi,
I'm just getting my head around Python, and have been building some stuff from tutorials, examples, etc. As my programs are getting more complex after a few weeks' tinkering, I'm getting overwhelmed by the pile of data my console is serving me (working on an app with lots of input/output currently) and would like to move into something a bit more visual to organize my feedback.
I've found a few visual modules, but it seems like tkinter is the standard/easiest to start with. I just need a configurable window, some text and basic shapes for now. Any heads up before I get my hands dirty (if it makes any difference - remember, I'm working on something that updates/redraws periodically)?
Thanks.
If you are working with scientifical data you should check Traits and Traits UI
The Traits UI package is a set of user
interface tools designed to complement
Traits. In the simplest case, it can
automatically generate a user
interface for editing a Traits-based
object, with no additional coding on
the part of the programmer-user. In
more sophisticated uses, it can
implement a Model-View-Controller
(MVC) design pattern for Traits-based
objects.
It comes in the enthough python edition together with other, more conventional, modules for data representation (ie matplotlib) storage (ie pyTables...) and gui building.
easygui is perhaps - no definitely the easiest GUI module for python I have worked with. A Google search shows that it can be downloaded from here. I installed my version a while back and don't need to use it too often and therefore am not sure whether the above download is what I have (it shouldn't matter too much), but if you have such concerns, then you can download the version I have from this page
Hope this Helps
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Does anyone know of a GUI design app that lets you choose/drag/drop the widgets, and then turn that layout into Python code with the appropriate Tkinter calls & arrangement using the grid geometry manager? So far I've turned up a couple of pretty nice options that I may end up using, but they generate code using either pack or place instead.
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EDIT: Please note this is not to seek a "recommendation" per se, but rather it is a factual inquiry. I was asking whether or not such an app exists.
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Before you say it: Yes, I know Tkinter is easy to learn, and Yes, I've found multiple online sources to help me do so, and I'm already on my way with that. This isn't about avoiding the effort of learning, it's about using the right tool for the job. I found out a long time ago that those drag-and-drop widget environments for coding program logic, are just too klunky and unmanageable when the project gets beyond a certain size -- for bigger stuff, it's just easier to build and maintain the logic when it's in plain text. More recently I've found out that the reverse is true for designing a GUI. Writing text works up to a point, but when you have a main window with 30 or 40 widgets, plus a couple of side windows each with similar complexity, it goes much faster and easier if you can design it graphically rather than typing it all out.
Apart from the options already given in other answers, there's a current more active, recent and open-source project called pygubu.
This is the first description by the author taken from the github repository:
Pygubu is a RAD tool to enable quick & easy development of user
interfaces for the python tkinter module.
The user interfaces designed are saved as XML, and by using the pygubu
builder these can be loaded by applications dynamically as needed.
Pygubu is inspired by Glade.
Pygubu hello world program is an introductory video explaining how to create a first project using Pygubu.
The following in an image of interface of the last version of pygubu designer on a OS X Yosemite 10.10.2:
I would definitely give it a try, and contribute to its development.
You have VisualTkinter also known as Visual Python.
Development seems not active. You have sourceforge and googlecode sites. Web site is here.
On the other hand, you have PAGE that seems active and works in python 2.7 and py3k
As you indicate on your comment, none of these use the grid geometry. As far as I can say the only GUI builder doing that could probably be Komodo Pro GUI Builder which was discontinued and made open source in ca. 2007. The code was located in the SpecTcl repository.
It seems to install fine on win7 although has not used it yet. This is an screenshot from my PC:
By the way, Rapyd Tk also had plans to implement grid geometry as in its documentation says it is not ready 'yet'. Unfortunately it seems 'nearly' abandoned.
The best tool for doing layouts using grid, IMHO, is graph paper and a pencil. I know you're asking for some type of program, but it really does work. I've been doing Tk programming for a couple of decades so layout comes quite easily for me, yet I still break out graph paper when I have a complex GUI.
Another thing to think about is this: The real power of Tkinter geometry managers comes from using them together*. If you set out to use only grid, or only pack, you're doing it wrong. Instead, design your GUI on paper first, then look for patterns that are best solved by one or the other. Pack is the right choice for certain types of layouts, and grid is the right choice for others. For a very small set of problems, place is the right choice. Don't limit your thinking to using only one of the geometry managers.
* The only caveat to using both geometry managers is that you should only use one per container (a container can be any widget, but typically it will be a frame).
We are in the process of standing up a UI on top of a python system. This is all throw away code, so we want something quick, yet presentable.
We will have a couple of "interfaces" but they will be of two types. One will be control, it will basically be sitting on top of a python thread, and accepting requests from the user.
The other will be more of a display screen that will need to be able to display images, and some classic "grid views" of text to the user.
We pretty much know we could* do all of this in HTML but wasn't sure what would be the best way to interact with the core python code?
Anyone know of a good UI python presentation layer? Since we know we can do all of this in HTML/Jquery pretty quickly, we are also open to suggestions on how to integrate this with a web server..
Any suggestions? Really interested in finding out if there is any way to use python as the back end to a webserver.
Let me know if you all need more information.
I like wxPython. The demo application is excellent and lets you browse, tweak and re-run the code right in the demo.
We have found the DJango meets our needs. It is a pretty slick mvc style python web stack. Really is easy to use, and very quick to develop in. I will say that the ORM layer is a little young so it is hard to do some simple queries, but luckly since this is throw away code we can just use native sql.
Tkinter is probably going to be the solution you can use quickest. Its API is simple and straight-forward, and you probably already have it installed.
As the other 2 classic Python GUI options have been given already, I feel duty bound to suggest PyQt :)
Using QT Designer I've found it much simpler than TKInter to get some basic GUIs up and running. Build your GUI up in a WYSIWYG way, then hook it up to the back-end logic. I've also found that the large amount of C++ help on QT available on the interent usually translates more or less directly across to PyQt. The resources available for TKInter are IMO pretty obtuse, and simply stop as soon as you want to do anything more interesting than Hello World. YMMV.
The Rapid GUI Programming with Python and QT book is a fantastic resource. Had me programming real applications in no time.
I am a linux (mostly ubuntu) user with a reasonable understanding of how the system works (although I am certainly not a linux guru!). In the past I have developed small cross-platform desktop applications in python/GTK and I delivered them to clients as self-contained filetrees, so that the only dependencies were Python itself and GTK.
Now I would like to develop a small applet for ubuntu, that I would like to release under GPL 2 or 3.
In particular these are the new steps I know I must learn in order to achieve my goal (it is very possible there are a few more that I am unaware of, though!):
Integrating with gnome: I want my application to be available as an applet in the taskbar.
Using D-bus: In particular I want my applet to use the new osd-notification framework for ubuntu, but communication with other applets is also a possible feature for a second iteration.
Packaging: I would like to setup a public PPA as soon as the application will reach alpha stage, but I also would like to use dependencies from existing packages in the official repos, rather than include the libraries again in my own package.
Of course official documentation will be my first source of knowledge, but - basing my judgment on the very useful answers that I received on another topic here on SO - I decided to turn to the SO community to collect additional advice like for example:
Are there additional steps to those I outlined before, that I have to learn in order to be able to implement my project?
Based on your own experience, would you advise me to learn those steps in advance (as the knowledge of those will influence my way of coding the core functionality) or would you consider integration with gnome / d-bus and packaging as "higher encapsulating levels" that can be added on top of core functionality afterwards (note: D-bus will be used at first just for pushing data. Input data will be retrieved with a webservice)?
Would you advise me to separate my application in two packages (back-end and front-end) or to keep it together in a single package?,
Do you know of any useful resource that you would advise me to look at, for learning any of the things that I have to?
Are you aware of any common "beginner's mistakes" that I should be aware of?
These questions are not meant to be exhaustive, though: if you feel that I am missing something from the general picture, you are more than welcomed to point me in the right direction!
PS: Should I have failed in explaining my final goal, take a look at project hamster: what I want to achieve is similar in terms of user interface (meaning: the applet should display the status and clicking on it should open the application itself, from which you could both configure the applet and perform various operations).
Well, you list python, so you'll want to have pynotify in your arsenal. It wraps DBus, and gives you a direct api for manipulating the osd-notification system.
>>> import pynotify
>>> pynotify.init("Lil' Applet")
True
>>> note = pynotify.Notification(
... pynotify.get_app_name(),
... "Lil' Applet wants you to know something's up.",
... "/usr/share/icons/Human/48x48/status/dialog-information.png")
>>> note.show()
True
This displays a notification that looks like this:
[ ] **Lil' Applet**
[ICON]
[ ] Lil' Applet wants you to know something's up.
As you already know, your first and best friend will be the code written by others - copy, paste, dissect, understand.
Luckily there are a few projects that do what you intend to achieve.
I can recommend conduit's code as a prime reference how to do things in a clean fashion. I think they also have stuff on dbus. Others to keep an eye on, would be deskbar-applet, hamster (heh), and any other app you remember having feature X. Sometimes it might require some C code deciphering though (like the applet button bit - i suggest you better take it from hamster as i was having some major time getting the thing straight)
Then the "devhelp" app will be of great assistance - it allows you to read and search in man pages fast and easy. Make sure that you also have the -doc packages for all the modules you intend to use.
For user interface i strongly suggest using glade, as that will allow you to change interface later much easier. Where you can't use glade - add and alignment box and add the widget in the box in the code.
There certainly will be quirks and things that you will learn the hard way. Should not be too hard though!
The packaging, especially the autotools will be bit of a struggle, but you will get it right. For how to do debians (and from there to PPA), you can dig in the hamster's repository history. There was once a "debian" folder.
I would suggest to start small - see if you can get a window. Then put a button on it.
You don't have to do it "right" the first time. For first time it will be ok, if something works at all.
As for the separation - i would not bother about it until you get there. Splitting up into two parts and have a core, should not be too hard later. But that all depends on your priorities.
Last thing - getting friends who know the field helps too. And one way to get new friends, is by taking part in other projects, heh.
There are some very good recommendations here already, but let me suggest that you develop your applet not so much "for Ubuntu" as "for Gnome". It doesn't take much extra effort to also make RPM packages for distributions such as Fedora, and Arch Linux packages, to name two examples. There is one major disadvantage though -- to stay compatible with Debian stable you have to stick to ancient versions of GTK and GLib, or at least make any functionality depending on newer versions optional. It's painful, but apparently Debian stable users appreciate it.
I'd also suggest setting up a source code management system somewhere as early as possible. You may not be worried about your disk crashing, but sometimes it saves you a lot of trouble just to be able to revert everything you did since the last commit.
Here's the link to the documentation on the official Gnome Panel Applet library. I don't know if it has Python bindings or not.
When I asked this question two years ago Ubuntu and Gnome were much closer to each other than they are today. At present (end of 2011) gnome adopted the gnome-shell, while Canonical decided to develop their very own UI (unity)...
Part of the tension that brought to the split specifically involved libappindicator, which makes the way I formulated this question (and probably part of the answers) obsolete.
Besides, there is now AskUbuntu on stack exchange, that would probably be a much better forum to ask about ubuntu-specific question.
I am writing editing front ends in Python since several years now, and I am fed up with micromanaging every UI detail of a window or dialog every single time.
Is there a technology that allows me to, say, specify the relations between a GTK+ Glade-designed interface and the tables and records of an SQLite database to do all the middle man work? It should spare me the work of manually writing event handlers, input evaluators and view updates.
The technologies in question are just examples, but I want to stick with Python as far as possible.
Besides the ones already mentioned I can add:
Kiwi
uxpython
pygtk
treethon
I've never used any of them so have no recommendations but, for what it's worth, I have used at least 2 complex programs built directly on pygtk that worked in both Windows and Linux.
I think Kiwi is the only one of these with baked in support for db (through interface with SQLAlchemy, SQLObject, or Storm) but I would be surprised if you couldn't use one of those ORM's inside any of the other frameworks.
PyQt and its models can automate some of these tasks for you (to some amount off course, e.g. filling widgets with data from a database and handling most of the widgets behaviour, buffering etc.).
If you want a more object-oriented approach to handling SQL you could look into an ORM-oriented solution (for example SQLAlchemy).
Dabo is built on top of wxPython, so you may not prefer it, but it's designed to make it easy to tie a GUI to a database, so I'd recommend you check it out if you haven't already. In particular, it's got good facilities for tying widgets to data, and handling a lot of the common cases of GUI development.
wxGlade may help, although I haven't used it myself so I don't speak from experience.
Boa Constructor apparently has a wxPython GUI builder in it, and there is also PythonCard, though development on these two projects seems to have stalled.
Traits might be a good option for you.
http://code.enthought.com/projects/traits/docs/html/TUIUG/index.html
AS simple as it is to map a UI to an object, it doesn't seem too far fetched to incorporate SQLAlchemy for persistence.
There is a good book on wxPython, "wxPython in Action", which can't be said for some of the other solutions. No knock on the others. I've had success developing with wxPython in the past and it comes with a great set of demo applications with source code from which you can borrow liberally.
The best UI designer I found for wxPython applications is a commercial one, Anthemion DialogBlocks. It's by one of the wxPython programmers and is worth the money. Other solutions for UI design include wxGlade (I found it usable but not featureful) and Boa Constructor (haven't used it). Wing IDE might also have one. Stani's Python Editor bundles wxGlade, I believe. There are a lot of other projects that don't really work or are fairly old.
As far as SQL automation goes, as another answerer says, I'd look at SQL alchemy, but the learning curve for a small application might be too much and you'd be better off just going straight to odbc. The best odbc api is the one used by Django, pyodbc.
It's been a while since I developed with these tools, so there may be something newer for each, but at the time these were definitely the best of breed in my opinion.
I had lots of success with wxPython, but that was some years ago now and there may be better new solutions...
Ok this is an unconventional solution but write yourself a code generator. I have done this several times using Mako. So in my case I auto inspect a table which columns it contains and types and generate classes from that. It's more work upfront but does exactly what you want and is reusable in subsequent projects.
I'm currently working on a simple wxPython app that's essentially document based. So far I've been manually implementing the usual open/save/undo/redo etc etc stuff.
It occurred to me that wxPython must have something to help me out and after a bit of searching revealed the docview package.
At this point though I'm just not quite sure how to hook everything up and get things started. Anyone got any good links or hints about places to start?
The docs seems to be a little thin about this and Robin Dunn's wxPython book doesn't really cover this package at all.
You might take a look at the docviewdemo.py from the wxPython Docs and Demos:
on my machine they are located:
C:\Program Files\wxPython2.8 Docs and Demos\samples\pydocview\
C:\Program Files\wxPython2.8 Docs and Demos\samples\docview\
In addition to the ones mentioned, there is quite an extensive example docview/pydocview in the samples\ide. If you want it to run you will have to make a few code corrections (I have submitted a ticket that outlines the fixes at trac.wxwidgets.org #11237). It is pretty complex but I found it handy to figure out how to do some more complex things. For example, samples\ide\activegrid\tools\ProjectEditor.py is built from scratch and has undo support etc rather than just relying on a control that does everything for you already. That way you can see how things are supposed to be done at the detailed level. The documentation is rather useless in that regard.
If you have decided against using docview/pydocview I have a spreadsheet application built on wxPython that you may find useful as an example. While it does not implement a document view framework it does have some characteristics of it and I've implemented an undo/redo system. Check it out at http://www.missioncognition.net/pysheet/ I'm currently working on a pydocview based app so I expect that to be up on my site eventually.