Note: Solved. It turned out that I was importing a previous version of the same module.
It is easy to find similar topics on StackOverflow, where someone ran into a NameError. But most of the questions deal with specific modules and the solution is often to update the module.
In my case, I am trying to import a function from a module that I wrote myself. The module is named InfraPy, and it is definitely on sys.path. One particular function (called listToText) in InfraPy returns a NameError, but only when I try to import it into another script. Inside InfraPy, under if __name__=='__main__':, the listToText function works just fine. From InfraPy I can import other functions with no problems. Including from InfraPy import * in my script does not return any errors until I try to use the listToText function.
How can this occur?
How can importing one particular function return a NameError, while importing all the other functions in the same module works fine?
Using python 2.6 on MacOSX 10.6, also encountered the same error running the script on Windows 7, using IronPython 2.6 for .NET 4.0
Thanks.
If there are other details you think would be helpful in solving this, I'd be happy to provide them.
As requested, here is the function definition inside of InfraPy:
def listToText(inputList, folder=None, outputName='list.txt'):
'''
Creates a text file from a list (with each list item on a separate line). May be placed in any given folder, but will otherwise be created in the working directory of the python interpreter.
'''
fname = outputName
if folder != None:
fname = folder+'/'+fname
f = open(fname, 'w')
for file in inputList:
f.write(file+'\n')
f.close()
This function is defined above and outside of if __name__=='__main__':
I've tried moving InfraPy around in relation to the script. The most baffling situation is that when InfraPy is in the same folder as the script, and I import using from InfraPy import listToText, I receive this error: NameError: name listToText is not defined. Again, the other functions import fine, they are all defined outside of if __name__=='__main__': in InfraPy.
This could happen if the module has __all__ defined
Alternatively there could be another version of the module in your path that is getting imported instead of the one you are expecting
Is the NameError about listToText or is it something inside the function causing the exception?
In addition the __all__ variable gnibbler mentioned you could also have a problem with a InfraPy.pyc file lying around somewhere.
I'd recommend putting a import pdb;pdb.set_trace() first in the InfraPy.py file to make sure you are in the right file, and step through the definition of InfraPy.py to see what is happening. If you don't get a breakpoint, you are importing another file than you think.
You can also dir(InfraPy) after importing it, and check which file you are actually importing with InfraPy.__file__.
Can't think of any more import debugging hints right now. ;-)
Related
I am trying to call a function defined in file lidar_source_code.py from my main script py_lidar_depressions.py. There are numerous sources which explain how to do this such as this one, however When I attempt this the error ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'lidar_source_code' is returned. I must say that I am not surprised at this error as at no point did I point to where the file is located even though relevant tutorials do not seem to suggest the need to. The code to import the file and all of the defined functions was as simple as the following.
from lidar_source_code import *
Is there something I am missing here. Am I correct that one must first define the path of the function containing file before importing it?
Thanks
I see in several old questions that around the switch from Python 2 to Python 3, implicit relative imports were not allowed. However, I ran into a problem that seems to suggest they do happen and am wondering if something changed or if my understanding is incorrect. Edit: To clarify, I thought the below would not be an implicit relative import, but it seems to act like it.
I made an empty file called queue.py and another file called uses_queue.py which contains:
from multiprocessing import Queue
q = Queue()
which crashes on execution saying ImportError: cannot import name 'Empty' from 'queue' however it will not crash if I delete that aforementioned empty file called queue.py. Changing from multiprocessinging to from .multiprocessing or _multiprocessing or ._multiprocessing which didn't change anything.
I've got a Python script.
I've had several functions in this script which I decided to move to a 'package' folder beside the main script.
In this folder, I created a *.py file where I put all my functions.
I've placed an empty init.py near this file within the 'package' folder.
When starting the code of my main script with:
from package_folder.my_functions import *
the script works well when calling every functions from that file.
But when trying to import it directly:
import package_folder.my_functions
it doesn't seems to work as well as with the above technique.
The cause seems to be the fact that in the file wellmy_functions.py, I have a function that needs an other one, declared previously in that file.
I had this obscure error on that function that needs an other one:
TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable
Is this permissible and if not, how to manage this case?
It's generally not a good idea to use from module import *. Wildcard importing leads to namespace pollution; you imported more names than you need and if you accidentally refer to an imported name you may not get the NameError you wanted.
Also, if a future version of the library added additional names, you could end up masking other names, leading to strange bugs still:
Example
from my_mod1 import func1
from my_mod2 import *
If you upgrade my_mod2 and it now includes a my_mod2.func1 it'll replace the my_mod1.func1 import in the 1st line.
So I've been doing a lot of research and couldn't find a proper answer. I'm quite new to python so sorry if this is a simple question.
So, basically, I'm creating an UI that has a button that should call a function from another .py file. What I did so far is append the file's folder to sys.path and import the .py file as something else. Example, let's say I'm importing myTools.py:
import myTools as mt
Now I can successfully access all functions within myTools via mt.mainFunction() or anything with the mt. prefix.
Now my question:
When I run mt.myFunction() directly it works just fine. Problem is that mainFunction() is another UI that calls different functions at different times. All these functions are on the myTools file.. but Maya won't find them because when they are called within the mainFunction() they don't have the mt prefix.
I mean, I could run those defs on the userSetup.py but it's quite a big code and I wanted to do that the cleanest way :)
Any ideas?
Thanks in advance!
EDIT:
So I just realized is only one function that isn't working. I'm getting this error:
# Error: NameError: file <maya console> line 1: name 'annotationToLocator' is not defined #
Because of that error, I thought that my mainfunction couldn't find any other function on the module.
The actual code where I declare this function:
jobNum = cmds.scriptJob(e=['SelectionChanged', 'annotationToLocator()'])
def annotationToLocator ():
selList = cmds.ls(sl=True)
for item in selList:
if '_ANN' in str(item):
cmds.select(item,d=True)
newItem = str(item).replace('_ANN', '_LOC')
cmds.select(newItem,add=True)
A couple of weird things about this:
1) It works perfectly when I run the code directly.
2) I'm importing the module on the userSetup file.. I'm getting the error above not only when I try to actually run the function that calls this one, but also when Maya starts..
I tried commenting the scriptjob line and now it works just fine, although obviously now I don't have the scriptjob running. I think is some issue with modules and scriptjobs?!
I'm sorry, I know I got off of the original question path here! :)
This sounds like typical python behaviour and should work correctly. Each module has it's own global scope and each function defined in that module will have access to everything defined in that scope.
So in the myTools module each function has access to each other by name, and every function defined in your main module will have access to the mt module object and can get the functions as it's attributes.
You problem stems from using string references to your function. While that works, it only works if they function you're calling by string is in the global python scope -- which usually means it only works in the listener.
The better way to do any maya callbacks is by passing the functions directly to the callback as function objects, not as strings:
import mymodule
cmds.scriptJob(e=('somethingSelected', mymodule.fancyfunction))
Note that mymodule.fancyfunction is passed without parens: you are telling Maya "use this function." If you did it as mymodule.fancyfunction() you'd be telling Maya to use the result of a call to the function , not the function itself.
I imported a module as below:
filename = "email"
mymodule = __import__('actions.'+filename)
the problem I have with this is, that the file is immediatly executing, and I would much rather execute a specific function from the file (that way I can send variables through it).
I am basically working with plugins, so it works.
Edit:
for the time being, I am not concerned with whether or not the script executes when I add the line below:
mymodule = __import__('actions.'+filename)
but what I would like to work is when I add the line below, I would like the function to execute. But instead I get an error that the module dosn't have that function even though it exisits in the script.
mymodule.dosomething(n)
Edit:
I personally don't think that the function has anything to do with it but here is one python files that I am trying to open.
import webbrowser
def OpenEmail():
handle = webbrowser.get()
handle.open('http://gmail.google.com')
OpenEmail()
print "Your email has been opened"
The functions don't exist unless the module executes. You can't have it both ways. Perhaps you need to add a main stanza to the module.
The problem is, that you get the actions module returned. Try this:
mymodule = __import__('actions.'+filename)
for submodule in filename.split('.'):
mymodule = getattr(mymodule, submodule)
This happens when you try importing a submodule, i.e. module.something.somethingelse, you get module returned.