Giving Exceptions to a Random Choice - python

Now I have been trying for fun to make my own version of the game clue, and I cannot seem to find out how do this. I am trying to make it so that if the guess is wrong, it will give a hint from the other guesses that is not the real "killer" and that is not any of their previous guesses. I'll give an example of something similar:
a = input()
b = input()
c = input()
d = input()
e = input()
f = input()
hint = random.choice([a,b,c,d,e,f])
hint != killer
hint != previous_guess
Now I know that the hint != killer and hint != previous_guess doesn't really do anything, as hint is assigned before. I am wondering if there is any way to make it so that it will chose randomly from a variable that is not the killer or a previous guess. Thanks in advance! Oh also I would like to point out that I am using python.

You can use a set and subtract the ones you dont want, e.g.
hint = random.choice(list({a, b, c, d, e, f} - {killer, previous_guess}))

Here is a basic way you could do it. This uses the concept of what is called a list comprehension in order to generate a list in an efficient way. The .format() indicates string formatting, which allows you to pass variables into strings in a variety of formats (docs here, but for now just know that {0} refers to the first argument to format()).
names is generated using the aforementioned list comprehension, and it is syntactically equivalent to:
names = []
for i in range(6):
names.append(raw_input('Enter a name: ')
This pattern is used later to generate your list without the killer nor the previous guess. Happy to explain any parts that don't make sense (thanks to #JonClements for pointing out some oddness I had left in there):
import random
# Choose your names
names = [raw_input('Enter killer name: ') for i in xrange(6)]
# Choose a killer
killer = random.choice(names)
# Run for as many times as you want (here we do 6; could also be len(names)
max_guesses = 6
for guessno in xrange(max_guesses):
guess = raw_input('Guess the killer: ')
# If the guess is not the killer...
if guess != killer:
# This line creates a list that does not include the killer nor the guess
hint = random.choice([n for n in names if n not in [killer, guess]])
print 'Hint, the killer is not {0}'.format(hint)
else:
print 'Correct! The killer is {0}'.format(guess)
break

Related

Python Nested List: How to print specific elements and append to each sublist

quizes = [["Andrew"], ["Amy"], ["Jared"], ["Bob"], ["Sarah"]]
for i in range(len(quizes)):
grade = eval(input("Enter", quizes[i][0],"grade:"))
quizes[i].append(grade)
print(quizes[i])
Hey guys so I been working on this for the past week and can't solve this. I am trying to get my program to ask "Enter [person1] grade: " and so on and append a second element to each sublist which will be their grade and then print the contents of the entire list. Any help is appreciated
The problem is input takes 1 string as a parameter, you are passing 3 instead. So:
quizes = [["Andrew"], ["Amy"], ["Jared"], ["Bob"], ["Sarah"]]
for l in quizes:
grade = eval(input(f"Enter {l[0]} grade:"))
l.append(grade)
print(l)
However, I respectfully don't understand the point of using eval here. Eval turns data into code. Using eval on user input creates a great security hole. In the above code, what if the user input quizes.clear()? The whole array will be emptied. What if he inputs something eviler?
Consider (assumes valid grades only contain numbers):
quizes = [["Andrew"], ["Amy"], ["Jared"], ["Bob"], ["Sarah"]]
for l in quizes:
while True:
try:
grade = float(input(f"Enter {l[0]} grade:"))
except ValueError:
print("Please input a number.")
else:
l.append(grade)
break
print(quizes)
The main problem is that input() accepts only one argument as the input prompt, unlike print which can take any number of arguments - you're giving 3 parameters to the input function - "Enter", quizes[i][0], and "grade:".
You can try concatenating them - like input("Enter "+str(quizes[i][0])+" grade:") (the str() conversion is not needed if you know that all the quizes[i][0] will be strings already),
or even use string formatting - "Enter {} grade".format(quizes[i][0]) or f"Enter {quizes[i][0]} grade:"
This should be enough, but there are 2 more changes you can make to your code if you like -
Iterate over the nested lists directly (for sub_list in quizes:)
Using int() or float() to convert a returned input string containing a number will also work in place of eval
For example
for quiz in quizes:
grade = eval(input("Enter {} grade:".format(quiz[0])))
quiz.append(grade)
print(quiz)
EDIT: Python docs on string formatting The f"..." syntax works only for Python 3.6+
You need to change:
grade = eval(input("Enter", quizes[i][0],"grade:"))
to
grade = eval(input("Enter " + quizes[i][0] + " grade:"))
input does not behave as print does. You can't use commas to join text in any other function (except for a very small number of custom functions and modules), and you should stay away from them at if that's confusing for you to only use them sometimes.
With that change, does your code work now? You didn't tell us why it wasn't working the way you expected.
Now that I'm looking at it, what did yours do wrong?
quizes = [["Andrew"], ["Amy"], ["Jared"], ["Bob"], ["Sarah"]]
for quiz in quizes:
grade = eval(input("Enter " + quiz[0] + " grade:"))
quiz.append(grade)
print(quiz)
print(quizes)

Finding a value in a dictionary, not a key

I need the programme to select a random value from the dictionary and ask the user what the key is. The dictionary is a glossary. I want the programme to give the user a definition first.
I propose this:
import numpy as np
dict = {"cat" : "a carnivorous mammal (Felis catus) long domesticated as a pet and for catching rats and mice.",
"dog" : "A domesticated carnivorous mammal (Canis familiaris syn. Canis lupus subsp. familiaris) occurring as a wide variety of breeds, many of which are traditionally used for hunting, herding, drawing sleds, and other tasks, and are kept as pets.",
"butterfly" : "Any of numerous insects of the order Lepidoptera, having four broad, usually colorful wings, and generally distinguished from the moths by having a slender body and knobbed antennae and being active during the day."}
length_dict = len(dict)
list_values = list(dict.values())
list_keys = list(dict.keys())
while True:
r = np.random.randint(length_dict)
print("Define: ")
print(list_values[r])
inp = input()
if inp == list_keys[r]:
print("Correct")
else:
print("Wrong")
You can't. Python doesn't support retrieving keys from a dict by their values, since there's no way to guarantee the values are distinct. However, if you flip them (definition is the key, word is the value) it's much easier to do.
From this answer to a similar question, you can use python's random library, coupled with a bit of data manipulation.
To get a list of the python dictionary's keys, you can use list(yourDict.keys() - then, you can use random.choice() from the random library to get a random key. Finally, you can use this random key as an index to d[] in order to get your result.
import random
d = {'An aquatic animal':'FISH', 'A common pet':'DOG'}
question = random.choice(list(d.keys()))
val = d[question]
print(question)
print(val)
Try it here!
Do note that for the above example, if you really want to store the word as the key, you can set val = random.choice(list(d.keys))) and question = d[val].
Here's what I came up with:
import random
d = {'Key 1':'Value 1', 'Key 2':'Value 2'}
randomKey = random.choice(list(d.keys()))
print(d[randomKey])
A random value is printed. Hope this helps.
Edit:
You copied the code wrong, it should read:
random_key = random.choice(list(glossary))
print('Define: ', glossary[random_key])
input('Press return to see the definition')
print(glossary[random_key])
Make sure you have imported random import random
One way you can approach this is to get a random key from your dictionary first and then simply retrieve the value afterwards. To do this, you can use the random library and then do the following:
import random
glossary = {
"water": "a transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid, a compound of hydrogen and oxygen",
"wind": "air in natural motion",
"fire": "a state, process, or instance of combustion in which fuel or other material is ignited and combined with oxygen"
}
correctAnswers = 0
totalQuestions = len(glossary)
while correctAnswers < totalQuestions:
# Get a random key and value from the glossary dictionary
word = random.choice(list(glossary.keys()))
definition = glossary[word]
# Present the prompt
print("The definition is:", definition)
answer = input("What word is this? ")
# Determine if answer was correct
if answer.lower() == word:
print("Correct!")
correctAnswers += 1
del glossary[word]
else:
print("Incorrect, try again.")
This will output a random definition from within the glossary and will also give the key that it is mapped by. It will then prompt the user to answer what they think the word is. If they are correct, the definition will be removed from the glossary and another question will be asked if one still exists.
Hopefully this gets you started with what you are trying to do.

How to print take something out of a list and store it elsewhere

I am making a music key theory test.
In order to achieve something else that I won't explain right now here (maybe I will later though if this doesn't work), I need to take the root chord out of the list, store it somewhere else, and call back upon it for the user input when they are asked what key the chords come from.
I don't know how to do this, but I am pretty sure it is possible. I would love it if someone could help me. After I have this problem sorted out I will be much further.
Before, I was trying to find someway to have the actual variable represent the variable, while representing what the variable contains. So then after printing the randomized chords from the variable, the user can input the key from which the chords come from, which I have as the variable. But I don't think that will work.
import random
print('Key Theory Werkout')
Dmajor = {'D','E-','F⌗-','G','A','B-','C⌗dim'}
Gmajor = {'G','A-','B-','C','D','E-','F⌗dim'}
Cmajor = {'C','D-','E-','F','G','A-','Bdim'}
Fmajor = {'F','G-','A-','Bb','C','D-','Edim'}
Bbmajor = {'Bb','C-','D-','Eb','F','G-','Adim'}
Ebmajor = {'Eb','F-','G-','Ab','Bb','C-','Ddim'}
Abmajor = {'Ab','Bb-','C-','Db','Eb','F-','Gdim'}
Dbmajor = {'Db','Eb-','F-','Gb','Ab','Bb-','Cdim'}
Cxmajor = {'C⌗','D⌗-','E⌗-','F⌗','G⌗','A⌗-','B⌗dim'}
Gbmajor = {'Gb','Ab-','Bb-','Cb','Db','Eb-','Fdim'}
Fxmajor = {'F⌗','G⌗-','A⌗-','B','C⌗','D⌗-','E⌗dim'}
Bmajor = {'B','C⌗-','D⌗','E','F⌗','G⌗','A⌗dim'}
Cbmajor = {'Cb','Db-','Eb-','Fb','Gb','Ab-','B-dim'}
Emajor = {'E','F⌗-','G⌗-','A','B','C⌗-','D⌗dim'}
Amajor = {'A','B-','C⌗-','D','E','F⌗-','G⌗dim'}
questions = [Dmajor, Gmajor, Cmajor, Fmajor, Bbmajor, Ebmajor,
Abmajor, Dbmajor, Cxmajor, Gbmajor, Fxmajor, Bmajor, Cbmajor,
Emajor, Amajor]
print('Difficulty:Easy, Hard')
begin = input("Choose Difficulty:")
if begin == 'easy':
while begin == "easy":
q = random.choice(questions)
qq = random.sample(list(q), 7)
print(qq)
answer = input('Please Provide the key:')
if answer == q
'''HERE IS THE PROBLEM. Lets say the code outputs F, A-, Bb, C, D-
for Dmajor. How can I have the user type in Dmajor and have it
print correct, or incorrect? I am thinking I will have to put .
entire blocks for each question, and then have the easy choose
random out of all of those questions and that will be how I have to
do it. But maybe there is an easier way.
'''
print("correct")
I would like it to tell the user if they are correct or wrong, while keeping the randomness of questions, and chords it spits out exactly the way it is.
What do I need to do?
Maybe you can try using a dictionary to represent your questions, like this:
questions = {
'Dmajor': {'D','E-','F⌗-','G','A','B-','C⌗dim'},
'Gmajor': {'G','A-','B-','C','D','E-','F⌗dim'},
'Cmajor': {'C','D-','E-','F','G','A-','Bdim'},
'Fmajor': {'F','G-','A-','Bb','C','D-','Edim'},
'Bbmajor': {'Bb','C-','D-','Eb','F','G-','Adim'},
'Ebmajor': {'Eb','F-','G-','Ab','Bb','C-','Ddim'},
'Abmajor': {'Ab','Bb-','C-','Db','Eb','F-','Gdim'},
'Dbmajor': {'Db','Eb-','F-','Gb','Ab','Bb-','Cdim'},
'Cxmajor': {'C⌗','D⌗-','E⌗-','F⌗','G⌗','A⌗-','B⌗dim'},
'Gbmajor': {'Gb','Ab-','Bb-','Cb','Db','Eb-','Fdim'},
'Fxmajor': {'F⌗','G⌗-','A⌗-','B','C⌗','D⌗-','E⌗dim'},
'Bmajor': {'B','C⌗-','D⌗','E','F⌗','G⌗','A⌗dim'},
'Cbmajor': {'Cb','Db-','Eb-','Fb','Gb','Ab-','B-dim'},
'Emajor': {'E','F⌗-','G⌗-','A','B','C⌗-','D⌗dim'},
'Amajor': {'A','B-','C⌗-','D','E','F⌗-','G⌗dim'},
}
Then, you select a random question like this:
key = random.choice(list(questions))
set = questions[key]
sample = random.sample(set, 7)
Now, you only have to check if answer is equal to key.

Lists won't produce result due to it must be a string. 8 Ball Fortune

The problem with my code is that when running it to see if the first word of the question is in the query list. It won't give anything back due to being a int. Can anyone point me towards right direction ?
import random
response = [ 'Yes, of course!',"Without a doubt,yes.",
'For sure!','Ask me later.',
'I am not sure.',
'I will tell you after my nap.',
'No Way!','I do not think so.',
'The answer is clearly NO.']
query = ['Will','Are','Is','Am','Do','Can','May']
# Global lists ^^^
def main(response,query,ran):
# The program that
print('Ask a question that can only be answered in yes or no.')
question = input()
if question(0) in query():
ran(response,query)
res = ran(response,query)
print(res)
again = input('Enter Y or y to play again. Enter N or n to exit.')
if again in ['y','Y']:
main(lists)
else:
print('This program will now close.')
def ran(response,query):
res = random.choice(response)
return res
main(response,query,ran)
The problem lies here question.index(0) in lists. You are comparing apples with pears. index will yield a number and you are comparing it with the actual definition of the lists function. You might want to rethink what you want to compare.
Secondly, you will have extra errors, you are using random.sample in a bad way, you should be doing random.sample(response, 1)[0], I'm presuming you want to pick a random response from that collection.
Thirdly, what is the lists() function supposed to do?

Serial Key Generation and Validation

I'm toying around with writing creating a serial code generator/validator, but I can't seem to get how to do a proper check.
Here's my generator code:
# Serial generator
# Create sequences from which random.choice can choose
Sequence_A = 'ABCDEF'
Sequence_B = 'UVWQYZ'
Sequence_C = 'NOPQRS'
Sequence_D = 'MARTIN'
import random
# Generate a series of random numbers and Letters to later concatenate into a pass code
First = str(random.randint(1,5))
Second = str(random.choice(Sequence_A))
Third = str(random.randint(6,9))
Fourth = str(random.choice(Sequence_B))
Fifth = str(random.randint(0,2))
Sixth = str(random.choice(Sequence_C))
Seventh = str(random.randint(7,8))
Eighth = str(random.choice(Sequence_D))
Ninth = str(random.randint(3,5))
serial = First+Second+Third+Fourth+Fifth+Sixth+Seventh+Eighth+Ninth
print serial
I'd like to make a universal check so that my validation code will accept any key generated by this.
My intuition was to create checks like this:
serial_check = raw_input("Please enter your serial code: ")
# create a control object for while loop
control = True
# Break up user input into list that can be analyzed individually
serial_list = list(serial_check)
while control:
if serial_list[0] == range(1,5):
pass
elif serial_list[0] != range(1,5):
control = False
if serial_list[1] == random.choice('ABCDEF'):
pass
elif serial_list[1] != random.choice('ABCDEF'):
control = False
# and so on until the final, where, if valid, I would print that the key is valid.
if control == False:
print "Invalid Serial Code"
I'm well aware that the second type of check won't work at all, but it's a place holder because I've got no idea how to check that.
But I thought the method for checking numbers would work, but it doesn't either.
The expression `range(1, 5)' creates a list of numbers from 1 to 4. So in your first test, you're asking whether the first character in your serial number is equal to that list:
"1" == [1, 2, 3, 4]
Probably not...
What you probably want to know is whether a digit is in the range (i.e. from 1 to 5, I assume, not 1 to 4).
Your other hurdle is that the first character of the serial is a string, not an integer, so you would want to take the int() of the first character. But that will raise an exception if it's not a digit. So you must first test to make sure it's a digit:
if serial_list[0].isdigit() and int(serial_list[0]) in range(1, 6):
Don't worry, if it's not a digit, Python won't even try to evaluate the part after and. This is called short-circuiting.
However, I would not recommend doing it this way. Instead, simply check to make sure it is at least "1" and no more than "5", like this:
if "1" <= serial_list <= "5":
You can do the same thing with each of your tests, varying only what you're checking.
Also, you don't need to convert the serial number to a list. serial_check is a string and accessing strings by index is perfectly acceptable.
And finally, there's this pattern going on in your code:
if thing == other:
pass
elif thing != other:
(do something)
First, because the conditions you are testing are logical opposites, you don't need elif thing != other -- you can just say else, which means "whatever wasn't matched by any if condition."
if thing == other:
pass
else:
(do something)
But if you're just going to pass when the condition is met, why not just test the opposite condition to begin with? You clearly know how to write it 'cause you were putting it in the elif. Put it right in the if instead!
if thing != other:
(do something)
Yes, each of your if statements can easily be cut in half. In the example I gave you for checking the character range, probably the easiest way to do it is using not:
if not ("1" <= serial_list <= "5"):
Regarding your python, I'm guessing that when your wrote this:
if serial_list[0] == range(1,5):
You probably meant this:
if 1 <= serial_list[0] <= 5:
And when you wrote this:
if serial_list[1] == random.choice('ABCDEF'):
You probably meant this:
if serial_list[1] in 'ABCDEF':
There are various other problems with your code, but I'm sure you'll improve it as you learn python.
At a higher level, you seem to be trying to build something like a software activation code generator/validator. You should know that just generating a string of pseudo-random characters and later checking that each is in range is an extremely weak form of validation. If you want to prevent forgeries, I would suggest learning about HMAC (if you're validating on a secure server) or public key cryptography (if you're validating on a user's computer) and incorporating that into your design. There are libraries available for python that can handle either approach.

Categories

Resources