Develop Reference

Is there a particular syntax for using python relative imports alongside connexion?

I am currently trying to build an api using connexion. However, I am having some issues using relative local module imports through the connexion module, which modifies the underlying flask app. Here is a simplified overview of my file structure:
hall_of_fame_api
controller
____init____.py
routes.py
model
____init____.py
routes.py
____init____.py
config.py
create_db.py
swagger.yml
I am getting an error when I try to run 'python config.py' in my terminal. Here is config.py:
import os
import connexion
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_marshmallow import Marshmallow
basedir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
# Create the Connexion application instance
connex_app = connexion.App(__name__, specification_dir=basedir)
# Get the underlying Flask app instance
app = connex_app.app
connex_app.add_api('swagger.yml')
# Configure the SQLAlchemy part of the app instance
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_ECHO'] = True
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'postgresql://doadmin:password#nba-player-db-do-user-7027314-0.db.ondigitalocean.com:25060/nba_test_1?sslmode=require'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = False
# Create the SQLAlchemy db instance
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
# Initialize Marshmallow
ma = Marshmallow(app)
And here is the error it gives:
Failed to add operation for GET /api/players
Failed to add operation for GET /api/players
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/connexion/apis/abstract.py", line 209, in add_paths
self.add_operation(path, method)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/connexion/apis/abstract.py", line 173, in add_operation
pass_context_arg_name=self.pass_context_arg_name
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/connexion/operations/__init__.py", line 8, in make_operation
return spec.operation_cls.from_spec(spec, *args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/connexion/operations/swagger2.py", line 137, in from_spec
**kwargs
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/connexion/operations/swagger2.py", line 96, in __init__
pass_context_arg_name=pass_context_arg_name
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/connexion/operations/abstract.py", line 96, in __init__
self._resolution = resolver.resolve(self)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/connexion/resolver.py", line 40, in resolve
return Resolution(self.resolve_function_from_operation_id(operation_id), operation_id)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/connexion/resolver.py", line 66, in resolve_function_from_operation_id
raise ResolverError(str(e), sys.exc_info())
connexion.exceptions.ResolverError: <ResolverError: module 'controller.routes' has no attribute 'read_all'>
This error comes specifically from line 12 where connexion is trying to add the swagger.yml file, here is that for reference as well:
swagger: "2.0"
info:
description: This is the swagger file that goes with our server code
version: "1.0.0"
title: Swagger REST Article
consumes:
- "application/json"
produces:
- "application/json"
basePath: "/api"
# Paths supported by the server application
paths:
/players:
get:
operationId: "controller.routes.read_all"
tags:
- "People"
summary: "The people data structure supported by the server application"
description: "Read the list of people"
responses:
200:
description: "Successful read people list operation"
schema:
type: "array"
items:
properties:
fname:
type: "string"
lname:
type: "string"
timestamp:
type: "string"
Now here is where I am confused, because my routes.py file does have a function defined as read_all(), here is that file:
from model.models import Regseason, RegSchema, Playoffs, PlayoffSchema
def read_all():
return Regseason.query.all()
I have been racking my brain over this bug for almost 24 hours, any guidance would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance!

Please add a extra field x-openapi-router-controller below operationid. It is used by Connexion to map which module to send requests to. It is combined together with OperationId to go to correct module and function.

program to write data to django DB has with throws error about settings.

i have a python program that reads in NMEA sentences and writes them to my django database.
update = breadCrumbs2(deviceID= device[0], time = tdStamp , latitude = msg.latitude,
longitude = msg.longitude , fixQualty = int(msg.gps_qual),
numSat = int(msg.num_sats),hdop = msg.horizontal_dil,
altitude = msg.altitude, geoIdalSeparation = msg.geo_sep,
deltaLastUpdate = Decimal(0), diffRefStationID = int(1),
nmeaCheckSum = "")
update.save()
this works fine when run from eclipse. but when i try to run it from my linux box i get an error:
"django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting DATABASES, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings."
but when i go into the django shell to configure settings i get.
>>> from django.conf import settings
>>> settings.configure()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 93, in configure
raise RuntimeError('Settings already configured.')
RuntimeError: Settings already configured.
how to i correct this conflict. (i have restarted Django and Apache)

Google App Engine - Django - Python - Ubuntu - Problems

I am reading 'Head First Python'. I am on Chapter 10 where Google App Engine is introduced. The initial hello world of using Python and Google App Engine was successful but subsequent programs have all failed.
I have the following app.yaml file:
application: three
version: 1
runtime: python27
api_version: 1
threadsafe: false
handlers:
- url: /.*
script: page368b.py
libraries:
- name: django
version: "1.3"
With the following Python code (page368b.py):
import wsgiref.handlers
from google.appengine.ext import webapp
from google.appengine.ext import db
from google.appengine.ext.webapp import template
#this line throws the error when accessing the web-page
from google.appengine.ext.db import djangoforms
import birthDB
class BirthDetailsForm(djangoforms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = birthDB.BirthDetails
class SimpleInput(webapp.RequestHandler):
def get(self):
html = template.render('templates/header.html', {'title': 'Provide your birth details'})
html = html + template.render('templates/form_start.html', {})
html = html + str(BirthDetailsForm(auto_id=False))
html = html + template.render('templates/form_end.html', {'sub_title': 'Submit Details'})
html = html + template.render('templates/footer.html', {'links': ''})
self.response.out.write(html)
def main():
app = webapp.WSGIApplication([('/.*', SimpleInput)], debug=True)
wsgiref.handlers.CGIHandler().run(app)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Here is another Python module imported into the one above called birthDB.py:
from google.appengine.ext import db
class BirthDetails(db.Model):
name = db.StringProperty()
date_of_birth = db.DateProperty()
time_of_birth = db.TimeProperty()
There is a templates folder that the above Python module calls. They have HTML code in them with some Django code. Here is an example using the footer.html.
<p>
{{ links }}
</p>
</body>
</html>
The other HTML files are similar. I can start the Google App Engine with no problems using this command from BASH: python google_appengine/dev_appserver.py ~/Desktop/three The directory three contains the templates folder, the app.yaml file, the Python modules shown above.
My problem is when I access the web-page at http://localhost:8080 nothing is there and the BASH shell where the command is run to start this shows all the calls in the Python program that caused the problem and then finally says: ImportError: Settings cannot be imported, because environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE is undefined.
I have read in a few different places a few different things to try so I thought I would go ahead and make a new post and hope that some expert Python programmers would chime in and lend their assistance to a lost hobbit such as myself.
Also, the book says to install Python2.5 to use this code but Google App Engine now supports Python2.7 that was not available as of the time of the books writing. Also, I just checked and Python2.5 is not even an option to use with Google App Engine. Python2.5 deprecated
This is probably too complex to solve on here. I am surprised all of these different technologies are used in a Head First Python book. It is asking a lot of a Python noob. ^_^
Regards,
user_loser
UPDATE - I installed Django on my Ubuntu Operating System
When I change the line in the python module 368b.py from google.appengine.ext.db import djangoforms to from django import forms I receive the following error on the console when accessing the web-page on localhost:
loser#loser-basic-box:~/Desktop$ google_appengine/dev_appserver.py three
INFO 2014-09-06 21:08:36,669 api_server.py:171] Starting API server at: http://localhost:56044
INFO 2014-09-06 21:08:36,677 dispatcher.py:183] Starting module "default" running at: http://localhost:8080
INFO 2014-09-06 21:08:36,678 admin_server.py:117] Starting admin server at: http://localhost:8000
ERROR 2014-09-06 21:08:48,942 cgi.py:121] Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/loser/Desktop/three/page368b.py", line 13, in <module>
class BirthDetailsForm(forms.ModelForm):
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/lib/django-1.3/django/forms/models.py", line 205, in __new__
opts.exclude, opts.widgets, formfield_callback)
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/lib/django-1.3/django/forms/models.py", line 145, in fields_for_model
opts = model._meta
AttributeError: type object 'BirthDetails' has no attribute '_meta'
INFO 2014-09-06 21:08:48,953 module.py:652] default: "GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 -
ERROR 2014-09-06 21:08:49,031 cgi.py:121] Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/loser/Desktop/three/page368b.py", line 13, in <module>
class BirthDetailsForm(forms.ModelForm):
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/lib/django-1.3/django/forms/models.py", line 205, in __new__
opts.exclude, opts.widgets, formfield_callback)
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/lib/django-1.3/django/forms/models.py", line 145, in fields_for_model
opts = model._meta
AttributeError: type object 'BirthDetails' has no attribute '_meta'
Update Errors from running the program as is without making any changes:
loser#loser-basic-box:~/Desktop$ google_appengine/dev_appserver.py three/
INFO 2014-09-06 21:35:19,347 api_server.py:171] Starting API server at: http://localhost:60503
INFO 2014-09-06 21:35:19,356 dispatcher.py:183] Starting module "default" running at: http://localhost:8080
INFO 2014-09-06 21:35:19,358 admin_server.py:117] Starting admin server at: http://localhost:8000
ERROR 2014-09-06 21:35:25,011 cgi.py:121] Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/loser/Desktop/three/page368b.py", line 13, in <module>
class BirthDetailsForm(djangoforms.ModelForm):
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/google/appengine/ext/db/djangoforms.py", line 772, in __new__
form_field = prop.get_form_field()
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/google/appengine/ext/db/djangoforms.py", line 370, in get_form_field
return super(DateProperty, self).get_form_field(**defaults)
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/google/appengine/ext/db/djangoforms.py", line 353, in get_form_field
return super(DateTimeProperty, self).get_form_field(**defaults)
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/google/appengine/ext/db/djangoforms.py", line 200, in get_form_field
return form_class(**defaults)
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/lib/django-1.3/django/forms/fields.py", line 340, in __init__
super(DateField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/lib/django-1.3/django/forms/fields.py", line 99, in __init__
widget = widget()
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/lib/django-1.3/django/forms/widgets.py", line 382, in __init__
self.format = formats.get_format('DATE_INPUT_FORMATS')[0]
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/lib/django-1.3/django/utils/formats.py", line 67, in get_format
if use_l10n or (use_l10n is None and settings.USE_L10N):
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/lib/django-1.3/django/utils/functional.py", line 276, in __getattr__
self._setup()
File "/home/loser/Desktop/google_appengine/lib/django-1.3/django/conf/__init__.py", line 40, in _setup
raise ImportError("Settings cannot be imported, because environment variable %s is undefined." % ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE)
ImportError: Settings cannot be imported, because environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE is undefined.

I assume you're working with the example code that accompanies the book, available from this website: http://examples.oreilly.com/0636920003434/
If you download and expand the chapter 10 archive (chapter10.zip), you'll see several example files, and also several .zip archives. The page368b.py file corresponds with the webapp-chapter10-simpleform.zip archive. Open that archive to create a webapp-chapter10-simpleform directory. This directory contains an app.yaml file, the simpleform.py file (identical to page368b.py), birthDB.py (an ext.db model class), and static and template file directories.
Unfortunately, as you may have already noticed, the example doesn't work out of the box with the latest SDK. (I'm using version 1.9.10 of the SDK, which was just released.) It reports "ImportError: No module named django.core.exceptions" when you attempt to load the page. Strictly speaking, this example is not a Django application, but is merely trying to use a library that depends on Django being present.
The Python 2.5 runtime environment, which is selected by the app.yaml file included with this example, is meant to include Django 0.96 by default. However, this behavior has changed in the SDK since Head First Python was written. The smallest fix to get this example to work is to add these lines to simpleform.py prior to the import of djangoforms:
import os
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'settings'
from google.appengine.dist import use_library
use_library('django', '0.96')
Then create a file named settings.py in your application root directory (the webapp-chapter10-simpleform directory). This file can be empty in this case. (As other commenters have noted, there is a better way to generate this file when using the Django framework, but in this case we just need the import to succeed.)
To upgrade this example to use the Python 2.7 runtime environment, modify app.yaml as follows:
application: simpleform
version: 1
runtime: python27
api_version: 1
threadsafe: true
handlers:
- url: /static
static_dir: static
- url: /*.
script: simpleform.app
The changes:
runtime: is now python27
threadsafe: true is added
The reference to simpleform.py is now a Python object path to the global variable app.
Then modify simpleform.py so that everything following the definition of the SimpleInput class is replaced with:
app = webapp.WSGIApplication([('/.*', SimpleInput)], debug=True)
Instead of running the simpleform.py script, the Python 2.7 runtime environment imports it as a module, then looks for a WSGI application object in a global variable. The lines we removed executed the app, and that's now done for us by the runtime environment.
From here, you can use a libraries: clause as you have done to select a newer version of Django, if you wish. A quick test in a dev server shows that the modified example works with Django 1.5, which is the latest supported version.

Error on running Django based MongoDB web admin

I am trying to install Fan-of-Mongo a web admin for MongoDB which is based on Django I think.
I believe I have followed the instructions from here:
https://github.com/Fiedzia/Fang-of-Mongo
When I run this command:
python ./manage.py runserver
I get this error:
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/Django-1.3.1-py2.4.egg/django/conf/__init__.py", line 125, in __init__ raise ValueError("Incorrect timezone setting: %s" % self.TIME_ZONE)
ValueError: Incorrect timezone setting: Warsaw/Poland
Can anyone here give me an idea on how to fix this?

The correct timezone for Warsaw is Europe/Warsaw. Just fix your settings.py.

The error is because of the reason that it cannot find the timezone info inside "/usr/share/zoneinfo/" directory. The following is the solution:
try whether the timezone present in the /usr/share/zoneinfo/ directory.
If the time zone is not present then go to fangofmongo extracted directory and open form/settings.py change the TIME_ZONE = 'America/North_Dakota' (America/North_Dakota) these should be in your "zone info" directory

django error ,about django-sphinx

from django.db import models
from djangosphinx.models import SphinxSearch
class MyModel(models.Model):
search = SphinxSearch() # optional: defaults to db_table
# If your index name does not match MyModel._meta.db_table
# Note: You can only generate automatic configurations from the ./manage.py script
# if your index name matches.
search = SphinxSearch('index_name')
# Or maybe we want to be more.. specific
searchdelta = SphinxSearch(
index='index_name delta_name',
weights={
'name': 100,
'description': 10,
'tags': 80,
},
mode='SPH_MATCH_ALL',
rankmode='SPH_RANK_NONE',
)
queryset = MyModel.search.query('query')
results1 = queryset.order_by('#weight', '#id', 'my_attribute')
results2 = queryset.filter(my_attribute=5)
results3 = queryset.filter(my_other_attribute=[5, 3,4])
results4 = queryset.exclude(my_attribute=5)[0:10]
results5 = queryset.count()
# as of 2.0 you can now access an attribute to get the weight and similar arguments
for result in results1:
print result, result._sphinx
# you can also access a similar set of meta data on the queryset itself (once it's been sliced or executed in any way)
print results1._sphinx
and
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\zjm_code\sphinx_test\models.py", line 1, in <module>
from django.db import models
File "D:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\django\db\__init__.py", line 10, in <module>
if not settings.DATABASE_ENGINE:
File "D:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\django\utils\functional.py", line 269, in __getattr__
self._setup()
File "D:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 38, in _setup
raise ImportError("Settings cannot be imported, because environment variable %s is undefined." % ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE)
ImportError: Settings cannot be imported, because environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE is undefined.

I know what the problem is :)
You are trying to run this script as stand-alone. But since you use django models. all of them have to be imported in your namespace. This is what is the error. It clearly days ImportError.
To solve - go to your django-project directory & then type python manage.py shell. This imports all Django-env files. Now import your models & try out the search.

The error is about the environment. Django cannot find your settings file; Are you doing
python manage.py runserver
itself, or something else?