Develop Reference

Unable to fetch OAuth2.0 Token from Azure-DevOps , using Python

I am trying to use OAuth2 to access the Azure DevopsAPI, to query work-items.
But I am unable to get the access tokene.
I am using Python and Flask. My approach is based on these resources:
Microsoft documentation , there currently Step 3 is relevant
OAuth Tutorial, which worked fine for Github, but is not working for Azure.
Relevant libraries:
from requests_oauthlib import OAuth2Session
from flask import Flask, request, redirect, session, url_for
Parameters:
client_id = "..."
client_secret = "..."
authorization_base_url = "https://app.vssps.visualstudio.com/oauth2/authorize"
token_url = "https://app.vssps.visualstudio.com/oauth2/token"
callback_url = "..."
Step 1: User Authorization. (works fine)
#app.route("/")
def demo():
azure = OAuth2Session(client_id)
authorization_url, state = azure.authorization_url(authorization_base_url)
session['oauth_state'] = state
authorization_url += "&scope=" + authorized_scopes + "&redirect_uri=" + callback_url
print(authorization_url)
return redirect(authorization_url)
Step 2: Retrieving an access token (generates an error)
#app.route("/callback", methods=["GET"])
def callback():
fetch_body = "client_assertion_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:client-assertion-type:jwt-bearer" \
"&client_assertion=" + client_secret + \
"&grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer" \
"&assertion=" + request.args["code"] + \
"&redirect_uri=" + callback_url
azure = OAuth2Session(client_id, state=session['oauth_state'])
token = azure.fetch_token(token_url=token_url, client_secret=client_secret,
body=fetch_body,
authorization_response=request.url)
azure.request()
session['oauth_token'] = token
return redirect(url_for('.profile'))
The application-registration and adhoc-SSL-certification are working fine (using it just temporary).
When I use the client_assertion in Postman, I get a correct response from Azure:
But when I execute the code, this error is thrown:
oauthlib.oauth2.rfc6749.errors.MissingTokenError: (missing_token) Missing access token parameter.
Which only lets me know, that no token was received.
There is one issue in the generated request body, where the grant_type is added twice:
grant_type=urn%3Aietf%3Aparams%3Aoauth%3Agrant-type%3Ajwt-bearer
grant_type=authorization_code
The first value is expected by Azure, but the second one is generated automatically by the library.
Now when I specify the grant_type in the fetch_token call, like this:
token = azure.fetch_token(token_url=token_url, client_secret=client_secret,
body=fetch_body, grant_type="urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer",
authorization_response=request.url)
I get this error
TypeError: prepare_token_request() got multiple values for argument 'grant_type'
And the actual request to Azure is not even sent.
I see in the web_application.py that is used by oauth2_session.py, that grant_type ='authorization_code' is set fixed, so I guess this library is generally incompatible with Azure.
Is that the case?
If so, what would be the simplest way to connect to Azure-OAuth with Python (Flask)?
I would be very grateful for any advice and help that point me in the right direction.

I just found the azure.devops library that solves my problem.
Ressources
https://github.com/Microsoft/azure-devops-python-api
https://github.com/microsoft/azure-devops-python-samples/blob/main/src/samples/work_item_tracking.py
azure-devops-python-api query for work item where field == string
from azure.devops.connection import Connection
from azure.devops.v5_1.work_item_tracking import Wiql
from msrest.authentication import BasicAuthentication
import pprint
# Fill in with your personal access token and org URL
personal_access_token = '... PAT'
organization_url = 'https://dev.azure.com/....'
# Create a connection to the org
credentials = BasicAuthentication('', personal_access_token)
connection = Connection(base_url=organization_url, creds=credentials)
# Get a client (the "core" client provides access to projects, teams, etc)
core_client = connection.clients.get_core_client()
wit_client = connection.clients.get_work_item_tracking_client()
query = "SELECT [System.Id], [System.WorkItemType], [System.Title], [System.AssignedTo], [System.State]," \
"[System.Tags] FROM workitems WHERE [System.TeamProject] = 'Test'"
wiql = Wiql(query=query)
query_results = wit_client.query_by_wiql(wiql).work_items
for item in query_results:
work_item = wit_client.get_work_item(item.id)
pprint.pprint(work_item.fields['System.Title'])

eBay Marketplace Account Deletion/Closure Notifications

I am trying to start an eBay API in Python and I can't find a single answer as to how to get an API key with eBay's new requirements of "Account Deletion/Closure Notifications." Here's the link: https://developer.ebay.com/marketplace-account-deletion
Specifically, I am told that "Your Keyset is currently disabled" because I have not completed whatever process is needed for this marketplace account deletion/closure notification.
The problems?
I have no idea if I need this.
I have no idea how to actually do this.
Re: 1. It looks like this is for anyone who stores user data. I don’t think that’s me intentionally because I really just want to get sold data and current listings, but is it actually me?
Re: 2. I don’t understand how to validate it and send back the proper responses. I’ve gotten quite good at python but I’m lost here.
eBay forums are completely useless and I see no one with an answer to this. Any help is greatly appreciated.

Re: 1. Same. Here's my interpretation: In order to use their APIs, you need to provide (and configure) your own API, so they can communicate with you —programatically— and tell you what users have asked to have their accounts/data deleted.
Re: 2. To handle their GET and POST requests, I guess you'll need to configure a website's URL as an API endpoint. In Django, I might use something like this (untested) code:
import hashlib
import json
from django.http import (
HttpResponse,
JsonResponse,
HttpResponseBadRequest
)
def your_api_endpoint(request):
"""
API Endpoint to handle the verification's challenge code and
receive eBay's Marketplace Account Deletion/Closure Notifications.
"""
# STEP 1: Handle verification's challenge code
challengeCode = request.GET.get('challenge_code')
if challengeCode is not None:
# Token needs to be 32-80 characters long
verificationToken = "your-token-012345678901234567890123456789"
# URL needs to use HTTPS protocol
endpoint_url = "https://your-domain.com/your-endpoint"
# Hash elements need to be ordered as follows
m = hashlib.sha256((challengeCode+verificationToken+endpoint_url).encode('utf-8'))
# JSON field needs to be called challengeResponse
return JsonResponse({"challengeResponse": m.hexdigest()}, status=200)
# STEP 2: Handle account deletion/closure notification
elif request.method == 'POST':
notification_details = json.loads(request.body)
# Verify notification is actually from eBay
# ...
# Delete/close account
# ...
# Acknowledge notification reception
return HttpResponse(status=200)
else:
return HttpResponseBadRequest()
If you find the answer to question number one, please do let me know.

Re: 1. You need to comply with eBay's Marketplace Account Deletion/Closure Notification workflow if you are storing user data into your own database. For example, using eBay's Buy APIs, you may get access to what users are selling on eBay (for ex. an eBay feed of products). If those eBay sellers decide they want to remove all of their personal data from eBay's database, eBay is requesting you remove their data from your database as well. If you are NOT storing any eBay user data into your database, you do not need to comply. Here is where you can find more info: https://partnerhelp.ebay.com/helpcenter/s/article/Complying-with-the-eBay-Marketplace-Account-Deletion-Closure-Notification-workflow?language=en_US
Re: 2. To be honest I've spent days trying to figure this out in Python (Django), but I have a solution now and am happy to share it with whoever else comes across this issue. Here's my solution:
import os
import json
import base64
import hashlib
import requests
import logging
from OpenSSL import crypto
from rest_framework import status
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from django.http import JsonResponse
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class EbayMarketplaceAccountDeletion(APIView):
"""
This is required as per eBay Marketplace Account Deletion Requirements.
See documentation here: https://developer.ebay.com/marketplace-account-deletion
"""
# Ebay Config Values
CHALLENGE_CODE = 'challenge_code'
VERIFICATION_TOKEN = os.environ.get('VERIFICATION_TOKEN')
# ^ NOTE: You can make this value up so long as it is between 32-80 characters.
ENDPOINT = 'https://example.com/ebay_marketplace_account_deletion'
# ^ NOTE: Replace this with your own endpoint
X_EBAY_SIGNATURE = 'X-Ebay-Signature'
EBAY_BASE64_AUTHORIZATION_TOKEN = os.environ.get('EBAY_BASE64_AUTHORIZATION_TOKEN')
# ^ NOTE: Here's how you can get your EBAY_BASE64_AUTHORIZATION_TOKEN:
# import base64
# base64.b64encode(b'{CLIENT_ID}:{CLIENT_SECRET}')
def __init__(self):
super(EbayMarketplaceAccountDeletion, self).__init__()
def get(self, request):
"""
Get challenge code and return challengeResponse: challengeCode + verificationToken + endpoint
:return: Response
"""
challenge_code = request.GET.get(self.CHALLENGE_CODE)
challenge_response = hashlib.sha256(challenge_code.encode('utf-8') +
self.VERIFICATION_TOKEN.encode('utf-8') +
self.ENDPOINT.encode('utf-8'))
response_parameters = {
"challengeResponse": challenge_response.hexdigest()
}
return JsonResponse(response_parameters, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
def post(self, request):
"""
Return 200 status code and remove from db.
See how to validate the notification here:
https://developer.ebay.com/api-docs/commerce/notification/overview.html#use
"""
# Verify notification is actually from eBay #
# 1. Use a Base64 function to decode the X-EBAY-SIGNATURE header and retrieve the public key ID and signature
x_ebay_signature = request.headers[self.X_EBAY_SIGNATURE]
x_ebay_signature_decoded = json.loads(base64.b64decode(x_ebay_signature).decode('utf-8'))
kid = x_ebay_signature_decoded['kid']
signature = x_ebay_signature_decoded['signature']
# 2. Call the getPublicKey Notification API method, passing in the public key ID ("kid") retrieved from the
# decoded signature header. Documentation on getPublicKey:
# https://developer.ebay.com/api-docs/commerce/notification/resources/public_key/methods/getPublicKey
public_key = None
try:
ebay_verification_url = f'https://api.ebay.com/commerce/notification/v1/public_key/{kid}'
oauth_access_token = self.get_oauth_token()
headers = {
'Authorization': f'Bearer {oauth_access_token}'
}
public_key_request = requests.get(url=ebay_verification_url, headers=headers, data={})
if public_key_request.status_code == 200:
public_key_response = public_key_request.json()
public_key = public_key_response['key']
except Exception as e:
message_title = "Ebay Marketplace Account Deletion: Error calling getPublicKey Notfication API."
logger.error(f"{message_title} Error: {e}")
return JsonResponse({}, status=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
# 3. Initialize the cryptographic library to perform the verification with the public key that is returned from
# the getPublicKey method. If the signature verification fails, an HTTP status of 412 Precondition Failed is returned.
pkey = crypto.load_publickey(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, self.get_public_key_into_proper_format(public_key))
certification = crypto.X509()
certification.set_pubkey(pkey)
notification_payload = request.body
signature_decoded = base64.b64decode(signature)
try:
crypto.verify(certification, signature_decoded, notification_payload, 'sha1')
except crypto.Error as e:
message_title = f"Ebay Marketplace Account Deletion: Signature Invalid. " \
f"The signature is invalid or there is a problem verifying the signature. "
logger.warning(f"{message_title} Error: {e}")
return JsonResponse({}, status=status.HTTP_412_PRECONDITION_FAILED)
except Exception as e:
message_title = f"Ebay Marketplace Account Deletion: Error performing cryptographic validation."
logger.error(f"{message_title} Error: {e}")
return JsonResponse({}, status=status.HTTP_412_PRECONDITION_FAILED)
# Take appropriate action to delete the user data. Deletion should be done in a manner such that even the
# highest system privilege cannot reverse the deletion #
# TODO: Replace with your own data removal here
# Acknowledge notification reception
return JsonResponse({}, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
def get_oauth_token(self):
"""
Returns the OAuth Token from eBay which can be used for making other API requests such as getPublicKey
"""
url = 'https://api.ebay.com/identity/v1/oauth2/token'
headers = {
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
'Authorization': f"Basic {self.EBAY_BASE64_AUTHORIZATION_TOKEN}"
}
payload = 'grant_type=client_credentials&scope=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.ebay.com%2Foauth%2Fapi_scope'
request = requests.post(url=url, headers=headers, data=payload)
data = request.json()
return data['access_token']
#staticmethod
def get_public_key_into_proper_format(public_key):
"""
Public key needs to have \n in places to be properly assessed by crypto library.
"""
return public_key[:26] + '\n' + public_key[26:-24] + '\n' + public_key[-24:]

This is how I am dealing with the ebay notification requirement using Python3 cgi. Because bytes are sent, cannot use cgi.FieldStorage()
import os
import sys
import hashlib
import json
from datetime import datetime
from html import escape
import cgi
import cgitb
import io
include_path = '/var/domain_name/www'
sys.path.insert(0, include_path)
cgitb.enable(display=0, logdir=f"""{include_path}/tmp_errors""") # include_path is OUTDIR
dt_now = datetime.now()
current_dt_now = dt_now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")
def enc_print(string='', encoding='utf8'):
sys.stdout.buffer.write(string.encode(encoding) + b'\n')
html = ''
challengeCode = ''
# GET
myQuery = os.environ.get('QUERY_STRING')
if myQuery.find('=') != -1:
pos = myQuery.find('=')
var_name = myQuery[:pos]
var_val = myQuery[pos+1:]
challengeCode = var_val
# POST
if os.environ.get('CONTENT_LENGTH') != None:
totalBytes=int(os.environ.get('CONTENT_LENGTH'))
reqbytes=io.open(sys.stdin.fileno(),"rb").read(totalBytes)
if challengeCode != '' :
"""
API Endpoint to handle the verification's challenge code and
receive eBay's Marketplace Account Deletion/Closure Notifications.
"""
# STEP 1: Handle verification's challenge code
# Token needs to be 32-80 characters long
verificationToken = "0123456789012345678901234567890123456789" #sample token
# URL needs to use HTTPS protocol
endpoint = "https://domain_name.com/ebay/notification.py" # sample endpoint
# Hash elements need to be ordered as follows
m = hashlib.sha256( (challengeCode+verificationToken+endpoint).encode('utf-8') )
# JSON field needs to be called challengeResponse
enc_print("Content-Type: application/json")
enc_print("Status: 200 OK")
enc_print()
enc_print('{"challengeResponse":"' + m.hexdigest() + '"}')
exit()
else :
#html += 'var length:' + str(totalBytes) + '\n'
html += reqbytes.decode('utf-8') + '\n'
# STEP 2: Handle account deletion/closure notification
# Verify notification is actually from eBay
# ...
# Delete/close account
# ...
# Acknowledge notification reception
with open( f"""./notifications/{current_dt_now}_user_notification.txt""", 'w') as f:
f.write(html)
enc_print("Content-Type: application/json")
enc_print("Status: 200 OK")
enc_print()
exit()

I've been trying #José Matías Arévalo code. It works except "STEP 2" branch - Django returns 403 error. This is because of by default Django uses CSRF middleware (Cross Site Request Forgery protection). To avoid 403 error we need to marks a view as being exempt from the protection as described here https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/csrf/#utilities so add couple strings in code:
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
#csrf_exempt
def your_api_endpoint(request):
And in my case I use url "https://your-domain.com/your-endpoint/" with slash symbol "/" at the end of url. Without this slash eBay doesn't confirm subscription.

I am using Flask and this is the code I have used:
from flask import Flask, request
import hashlib
# Create a random verification token, it needs to be 32-80 characters long
verification_token = 'a94cbd68e463cb9780e2008b1f61986110a5fd0ff8b99c9cba15f1f802ad65f9'
endpoint_url = 'https://dev.example.com'
app = Flask(__name__)
# There will be errors if you just use '/' as the route as it will redirect eBays request
# eBay will send a request to https://dev.example.com?challenge_code=123
# The request will get redirected by Flask to https://dev.example.com/?challenge_code=123 which eBay will not accept
endpoint = endpoint_url + '/test'
# The Content-Type header will be added automatically by Flask as 'application/json'
#app.route('/test')
def test():
code = request.args.get('challenge_code')
print('Requests argument:', code)
code = code + token + endpoint
code = code.encode('utf-8')
code = hashlib.sha256(code)
code = code.hexdigest()
print('Hexdigest:', code)
final = {"challengeResponse": code}
return final
## To run locally first use this:
# app.run(port=29)

Azure tranlation api don't deliver results while handover data from arangoDB

I struggle a little with getting an return on my azure translation api call.
My code is based on this code https://github.com/MicrosoftTranslator/PythonConsole and it work perfectly.
I furthermore have a arangoDB with some test data. Which does it work and give me this:Result on db test
However, if i combine both as follow:
from xml.etree import ElementTree
from auth import AzureAuthClient
from arango import ArangoClient
import requests
client = ArangoClient(
protocol='http',
host='localhost',
port=32768,
username='root',
password='password',
enable_logging=True
)
db = client.database('testdb')
test = db.collection('testcol')
def GetTextAndTranslate(finalToken):
fromLangCode = "en"
toLangCode = "de"
textToTranslate = " "
for t in test:
#text to translate
textToTranslate = t['name']
# Call to Microsoft Translator Service
headers = {"Authorization ": finalToken}
translateUrl = "http://api.microsofttranslator.com/v2/Http.svc/Translate?text={}&to={}".format(textToTranslate, toLangCode)
translationData = requests.get(translateUrl, headers = headers)
# parse xml return values
translation = ElementTree.fromstring(translationData.text.encode('utf-8'))
# display translation if needed
print (translation.text)
if __name__ == "__main__":
#Add your client secret in the next line
client_secret = 'azurepassword'
auth_client = AzureAuthClient(client_secret)
bearer_token = 'Bearer ' + auth_client.get_access_token()
I just get nothing. The console needs less then a second and then I can enter new command on the terminal. But no result displayed, also tried to put it into a file. Azure tell me that I called the API, but I can't see what was processed there.
Thanks for your help!

I tried to test your code for calling Azure Translator API, but I discovered the translator part of your code works fine and the Arango part also works fine. Under your code is not complete for me, the only issue I guess is that the function GetTextAndTranslate(finalToken) shoud be defined as GetTextAndTranslate(test, finalToken) which can be passed the argument test collection like below.
def GetTextAndTranslate(test, finalToken):
# Your code
........
if __name__ == "__main__":
client = ArangoClient(
protocol='http',
host='localhost',
port=32768,
username='root',
password='password',
enable_logging=True
)
db = client.database('testdb')
test = db.collection('testcol')
#Add your client secret in the next line
client_secret = 'azurepassword'
auth_client = AzureAuthClient(client_secret)
bearer_token = 'Bearer ' + auth_client.get_access_token()
GetTextAndTranslate(test, bearer_token)
Hope it helps. Any update, please feel free to let me know.

Unable to get instagram_story_id from the adcreative

I am building a program to get instagram ad comments using Facebook Marketing API. I am using facebook-python-ads-sdk. I am able to get the accounts and the ads. But I need the instagram_story_id to get the comments as mentioned here: https://developers.facebook.com/docs/marketing-api/guides/instagramads/ad_creative/v2.8#posts.
This is the code I am using to test the API.
from facebookads.api import FacebookAdsApi
from facebookads import objects
from facebookads.adobjects.adset import AdSet
insta_fields=[
objects.AdCreative.Field.instagram_actor_id,
objects.AdCreative.Field.instagram_story_id,
objects.AdCreative.Field.instagram_permalink_url,
]
app_id = "<app-id>"
app_secret = "<app-secret>"
access_token = "<accesss-token>"
FacebookAdsApi.init(app_id, app_secret, access_token)
account = objects.AdAccount("<account-id>")
for aset in account.get_ad_sets():
adset = AdSet(aset['id'])
for c in adset.get_ad_creatives():
c.api_get(fields=insta_fields)
print(c)
I am able to get the actor_id and permalink_url but not the story_id, is there any other way to get it or am I doing anything wrong?

You should use effective_instagram_story_id instead.

Is there any way of getting instagram User _ID without using the instagram API?

My task is NOT to generate any application or website but just to write a PYTHON script which gives usernames as an input and retrieve User ID as a result.
As instagram asks for Application name, website, URI and all other stuff to be able to receive a client ID and other things to be able to use their API and I don't have an application as such, I don't qualify for it.
So is there any way we can do it without the Instagram API?
If there is no other way, how to work for it?
Also I am new to python programming and connecting with API and all. It would be really helpful if someone would help me with a code to do so.
Thanks!

Well the answer to the question is we can use the Instagram API itself. As #Selcuk said, we can register using placeholders in the Instagram site. So then we will get the client_id and client_secret from it and also if we are registered instagram user, we will get the access token too.
The access token if hard to find, can be achieved by going to https://apigee.com/console/instagram
and then in the authentication option on the top, select OAuth which will take you to the login page of instagram. After sending the query it will show you what request you made and can find the access token too.
In the python console just type:-
import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
from instagram.client import InstagramAPI
access_token="YOUR ACCESS TOKEN&q"
api=InstagramAPI(client_id= 'YOUR CLIENT ID', client_secret='YOUR CLIENT SECRET')
scope='public_content'
url='https://api.instagram.com/v1/users/search?q=USERNAME TO SEARCH&access_token=YOUR ACCESS TOKEN'
a=urllib.request.urlopen(url)
print(a.read())
This will give you the details about the user.

I put this code together below (python 3.5.2) only using urllib and it works like a dream!
from six.moves.urllib.request import urlopen
def is_number(s):
try:
float(s)
return True
except ValueError:
return False
id_loop = True
while id_loop == True:
username = input('Please enter the Instagram username that you would like to find the User ID for: ')
link = 'http://www.instagram.com/' + username
response = urlopen(link)
content = str(response.read());
start_index = (content.index('"owner": {"id": "')) + len('"owner": {"id": "')
test_string = ''
for collect in range(14):
test_string = test_string + content[start_index]
start_index = start_index + 1
edit_string = ''
for char in test_string:
if is_number(char) == True:
edit_string = edit_string + char
else:
edit_string = edit_string + ''
print(username + "'s Instagram ID = " + edit_string)
As you can see, the only module that you need is urllib. This code essentially finds the Instagram page of the username that you input and sets the variable content equal to a single string consisting of the entire html code of the webpage. This string is then searched by the code to find the users Instagram ID. Hope this helps!

Guess things in code change but life's challenges stay...
here we go.... some neat python code to make things easier!
python function username to id
from six.moves.urllib.request import urlopen
def get_insta_id(username):
link = 'http://www.instagram.com/' + username
response = urlopen(link)
content = str(response.read())
start_pos = content.find('"owner":{"id":"') + len('"owner":{"id":"')
end_pos = content[start_pos:].find('"')
insta_id = content[start_pos:start_pos+end_pos]
return insta_id
print(get_insta_id("username"))