I'm having an issue with the import statement in Python 3. I'm following a book (Python 3 Object Oriented) and am having the following structure:
parent_directory/
main.py
ecommerce/
__init__.py
database.py
products.py
payments/
__init__.py
paypal.py
authorizenet.py
In paypal.py, I'm trying to use the Database class from database.py. So I tried this:
from ecommerce.database import Database
I get this error:
ImportError: No module named 'ecommerce'
so I try with both of these import statements:
from .ecommerce.database import Database
from ..ecommerce.database import Database
and I get this error:
SystemError: Parent module '' not loaded, cannot perform relative import
What am I doing wrong or missing?
Thank you for your time!
Add your parent_directoryto Python's search path. For example so:
import sys
sys.path.append('/full/path/to/parent_directory')
Alternatively, you can add parent_directory to the environmental variable PYTHONPATH.
Related
I have created 2 classes
Connections.py and LogObserver.py
I am trying to import Connections.py in LogObserver.py but python keep throwing an error
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'connections'
The way i am importing it is
from connections.Connections import Connections
class LogObserver:
The file structure is
If your Class name in Connections file is called Connections then you can try following:
from connections import Connections
c = Connections.Connections()
Or:
import connections.Connections as myModule
c = myModule.Connections()
make sure when you import that you do following:
from <folder>.<filename> import <class_name>
There is a problem in your file structure.
Try keeping connections folder inside queries folder OR specify the file path for connections.py correctly.
Hope it resolves the issue.
I am trying to import main1.py file in views.py of my django app.
But unable to import it.
Moreover location of my main file and sub-dependent file also lies at the view.py folder location.
I have tried with following options
1 import main
with this error is : No module found with name main
2 from .app_name import main
using this error is : import * only allowed at module level
folder structure is
The name of the file is main1.py, but you are trying to import main.py.
Try:
from app_name import main1 # Absolute import.
from . import main1 # Explicit relative import.
import main1 # Implicit relative import. Won't work in Python3.
I have 4 files in my project:
project/__init__.py
project/app.py
project/mod_x.py
project/mod_y.py
In mod_x.py I have a class (e.g. ModX)
In mod_y.py I have just one function.
I import modules from app.py as follows:
from .mod_x import ModX
import .mod_y
I get an error:
ImportError: No module named 'mod_y'
Before I created init.py I didn't have that kind of problems (of course, I dont put "." before module name).
How to import module which doesn't have the class inside in Python3 with init.py file inside the current directory?
Relative imports are only available for from...import syntax.
You could import that function this way:
from .mod_y import FUNCTION_NAME
Module could be imported this way:
from . import mod_y
I've been trying to import some python classes which are defined in a child directory. The directory structure is as follows:
workspace/
__init__.py
main.py
checker/
__init__.py
baseChecker.py
gChecker.py
The baseChecker.py looks similar to:
import urllib
class BaseChecker(object):
# SOME METHODS HERE
The gChecker.py file:
import baseChecker # should import baseChecker.py
class GChecker(BaseChecker): # gives a TypeError: Error when calling the metaclass bases
# SOME METHODS WHICH USE URLLIB
And finally the main.py file:
import ?????
gChecker = GChecker()
gChecker.someStuff() # which uses urllib
My intention is to be able to run main.py file and call instantiate the classes under the checker/ directory. But I would like to avoid importing urllib from each file (if it is possible).
Note that both the __init__.py are empty files.
I have already tried calling from checker.gChecker import GChecker in main.py but a ImportError: No module named checker.gChecker shows.
In the posted code, in gChecker.py, you need to do
from baseChecker import BaseChecker
instead of import baseChecker
Otherwise you get
NameError: name 'BaseChecker' is not defined
Also with the mentioned folders structure you don't need checker module to be in the PYTHONPATH in order to be visible by main.py
Then in main.y you can do:
from checker import gChecker.GChecker
lcl
|
|----|
|----enterprise
|----phpoob
|----|----|
|----|----'bank.py'
|----|
|----'__init__.py'
|----'module.py'
this is my file structure
__init__.py-->
from module import LCLModule
__all__ = ['LCLModule']
module.py-->
from phpoob.bank import something
__all__ = ['LCLModule']
class LCLModule(something):
_code here_
these are my files
while firing the command python __init__.py i got following error ImportError: No module named phpoob.bank how shold i overcome this error
i also tried it from .phpoob.bank import something but it gives ValueError: Attempted relative import in non-package
what will be solution for it...?
Looks like you are using Python 2.x. Folder phpoob is not treated as Python module. That's why you can't import phpoob.bank.
Solution #1: Create empty file phpoob/__init__.py After that you will be able to import phpoob and import any file inside.
Solution #2: Upgrate to Python 3.