Develop Reference

Modules and classes in Python for a desktop application

This is to be a desktop application for opening multiple small databases and running queries on them. So far I've written some code for opening forms as necessary. Is this a good way to do it? Also - the code shown opens two copies of each form - what am I doing wrong? It's my first attempt at Python and I'm a rudimentary programmer so simple answers would be of most help please. TIA (Python 3.9.6)
link_1.py
from tkinter import Tk
import link_2
root = Tk()
class ClassLink_1:
#if another function in the class is called, the __init__ function is run at start up
def __init__(self):
print("in link_1 __init__ instruction")
#the call_function function can be called at start up, or not, and will act accordingly
def call_function(self):
print("in call_function")
#the line below is run at start up whether or not another function in the class is called
print("in link_1")
root.withdraw() #hides the blank form at start up
#if __name__ == "__main__":
#the line below shows the link_2 form, whether or not the if __name__==__main__ condition is used as its condition
link_2.ClassLink_2(root).__init__(root)
#link_3.ClassLink_3(root).__init__(root)
#the line below runs call_function on start up to print text
ClassLink_1().call_function()
root.mainloop()
link_2.py
from tkinter import Tk, Button
from tkinter import * #for Toplevel
import link_3
root = Tk()
class ClassLink_2:
def __init__(self, master):
self.openNewWindow()
def openNewWindow(self):
newWindow = Toplevel(root) #creates a top level widget with the parent root (first parameter)
newWindow.title("Title opened from link_1")
newWindow.geometry("500x500")
label = Label(newWindow, text ="Opened from link_1").grid(row=1, column=1)
self.add_button = Button(newWindow, text="in ClassLink_2", command= self.do_add)
self.add_button.grid(row=3, column=1)
def do_add(self):
print("button pressed")
link_3.ClassLink_3(root).__init__(root)
root.withdraw() #hides the blank form at start up
link_3.py
from tkinter import Tk, Button
from tkinter import * #for Toplevel
root = Tk()
class ClassLink_3:
def __init__(self, master):
self.openNewWindow()
def openNewWindow(self):
newWindow = Toplevel(root) #creates a top level widget with the parent root (first parameter)
newWindow.title("Title opened from link_2")
newWindow.geometry("500x500")
label = Label(newWindow, text ="Opened from link_2").grid(row=1, column=1)
self.add_button = Button(newWindow, text="in ClassLink_3", command= self.do_add)
self.add_button.grid(row=3, column=1)
def do_add(self):
print("button pressed")
# link_4.ClassLink_4(root).__init__(root) this file has not yet been made
root.withdraw() #hides the blank form at start up

This is a proposed solution, can be expanded as needed. Constructive suggestions for improvement of the structure or code would be appreciated. TIA. I've left in the details in case they are of use to anyone.
link_1
from tkinter import Tk
import link_2
root = Tk()
class ClassLink_1:
def __init__(self):
print("in link_1 __init__ instruction")
root.withdraw() #hides the blank form at start up
link_2.ClassLink_2(root).openNewWindow(0)
root.mainloop()
link_2
from tkinter import Tk, Button
from tkinter import *
import link_3
root = Tk()
class ClassLink_2:
root.withdraw() #hides the blank form at start up
class_var_1 = 0
inst_var_1 = 0
def __init__(self, incoming_inst_var_1):
pass
def openNewWindow(self, inst_var_1_to_open):
newWindow = Toplevel(root)
newWindow.title("Title opened from link_1")
newWindow.geometry("500x500")
label = Label(newWindow, text ="Opened from link_1").grid(row=1, column=1)
self.add_button = Button(newWindow, text="in ClassLink_2", command= self.do_add)
self.add_button.grid(row=3, column=1)
self.add_button = Button(newWindow, text="increment class_var_1", command= self.inc_class_var_1)
self.add_button.grid(row=5, column=1)
self.inst_var_1 = inst_var_1_to_open
def do_add(self):
print("button pressed")
link_3.ClassLink_3(root).openNewWindow(0)
def inc_class_var_1(self):
ClassLink_2.class_var_1 += 2
self.inst_var_1 += 1
print("self.class_var_1 = " + (str)(self.class_var_1))
print("self.inst_var_1 = " + (str)(self.inst_var_1))
link_3
from tkinter import Tk, Button
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.ttk import Combobox
import tkinter.scrolledtext as tkscrolled
# import link_4 <filename of next form>
root = Tk()
class ClassLink_3:
class_var_1 = 0
inst_var_1 = 0
# ------------------------------- START CLASS CONTROLS -----------------------------
root.withdraw()
def __init__(self, incoming_inst_var_1):
pass
def openNewWindow(self, inst_var_1_to_open):
new_window = Toplevel(root)
self.widget_factory(new_window)
self.inst_var_1 = inst_var_1_to_open
def do_add(self):
print("button pressed")
# link_4.ClassLink_4(root).openNewWindow(0) # <filename of next form>
# ---------------------------------- END CLASS CONTROLS -----------------------------
# -------------------------------------- START CALCS --------------------------------------
def inc_class_var_1(self):
ClassLink_3.class_var_1 += 2
self.inst_var_1 += 1
print("self.class_var_1 = " + (str)(self.class_var_1))
print("self.inst_var_1 = " + (str)(self.inst_var_1))
# ---------------------------------------- END CALCS --------------------------------------
# ---------------------------------------- START FACTORY SHOPS-----------------------------------------
def widget_factory(self, new_window):
self.shop_window(new_window)
self.shop_labels(new_window)
self.shop_buttons(new_window)
self.shop_menu(new_window)
self.shop_listbox(new_window)
self.shop_combobox(new_window)
self.shop_radiobuttons(new_window)
self.shop_checkbuttons(new_window)
self.shop_entries(new_window)
self.shop_canvas(new_window)
self.shop_scale(new_window)
self.shop_scrollbars(new_window)
self.shop_textbox(new_window)
self.shop_menu(new_window)
pass
# ------------------------
def shop_window(self, new_window):
new_window.title("Title opened from link_2")
new_window.geometry("800x900")
def shop_labels(self, new_window):
self.label_1 = Label(new_window, text ="Opened from link_2").grid(row=1, column=1)
def shop_buttons(self, new_window):
self.button_1 = Button(new_window, text="in ClassLink_3", command= self.do_add)
self.button_1.grid(row=3, column=1)
self.button_2 = Button(new_window, text="increment class_var_1", command= self.inc_class_var_1)
self.button_2.grid(row=5, column=1)
def shop_listbox(self, new_window):
data=("one", "two", "three", "four")
self.listbox_1 = Listbox(new_window, height=5, selectmode='multiple')
for num in data:
self.listbox_1.insert(END,num)
self.listbox_1.grid(row=7, column=1)
def shop_combobox(self, new_window):
data=("one", "two", "three", "four")
self.combobox_1 = Combobox(new_window, values=data)
self.combobox_1.grid(row=8, column=3)
def shop_radiobuttons(self, new_window):
var_1 = IntVar()
var_1.set(1)
self.rad_btn_1 = Radiobutton(new_window, text="male", variable=var_1, value=1)
self.rad_btn_2 = Radiobutton(new_window, text="female", variable=var_1, value=2)
self.rad_btn_1.grid(row=9, column=1)
self.rad_btn_2.grid(row=9, column=2)
def shop_checkbuttons(self, new_window):
var_1 = IntVar()
var_2 = IntVar()
self.checkbtn_1 = Checkbutton(new_window, text = "Cricket", variable = var_1)
self.checkbtn_2 = Checkbutton(new_window, text = "Tennis", variable = var_2)
self.checkbtn_1.grid(row=10, column=1)
self.checkbtn_2.grid(row=10, column=2)
def shop_entries(self, new_window):
self.entry_1 = Entry(new_window, width = 20)
self.entry_1.insert(0,'Username')
self.entry_1.grid(row= 11, column=2)
self.entry_2 = Entry(new_window, width = 15)
self.entry_2.insert(0,'password')
self.entry_2.grid(row= 12, column=2)
#might want to place on a frame, see example https://coderslegacy.com/python/list-of-tkinter-widgets/
def shop_canvas(self, new_window):
canvas = Canvas(new_window, bg= 'white', width = 260,height = 260) #this is the background for the figure
# left and top of figure is from [x from left, y from top] of canvas right and bottom of figure from [x from left, y from top] of canvas
coordinates = 20, 50, 210, 230
arc = canvas.create_arc(coordinates, start=0, extent=250, fill="blue") #start is from E, extent is in degrees CCW
arc = canvas.create_arc(coordinates, start=250, extent=50, fill="red")
arc = canvas.create_arc(coordinates, start=300, extent=60, fill="yellow")
canvas.grid(row=2, column=1)
def shop_scale(self, new_window):
self.scale_1 = Scale(new_window, from_=0, to=10, orient=VERTICAL)
self.scale_1.grid(row=15, column=2)
self.scale_2 = Scale(new_window, from_=0, to=10, orient = HORIZONTAL)
self.scale_2.grid(row=15, column=3)
def shop_scrollbars(self, new_window):
self.scroll_vert = Scrollbar(new_window)
self.scroll_vert.grid(row=19, column=3)
self.listbox_3 = Listbox(new_window, yscrollcommand = self.scroll_vert.set )
for line in range(1, 100):
self.listbox_3.insert(END, "Number " + str(line))
self.listbox_3.grid(row=19 , column=2)
self.scroll_vert.config(command = self.listbox_3.yview)
def shop_textbox(self, new_window):
#make a frame with parent new_window
self.frame_textbox_1 = Frame(new_window)
self.frame_textbox_1.grid(row=1, column=5)
#make the textbox with parent frame
self.textbox_1 = Text(self.frame_textbox_1)
self.textbox_1.config(wrap=NONE, width=15, height=8) #width, height are characters x rows permitted wrap values should be WORD CHAR, or NONE
#make the X scrollbar with parent frame
self.scroll_text_horiz = Scrollbar(self.frame_textbox_1, orient="horizontal")
self.scroll_text_horiz.config(command = self.textbox_1.xview)
#make the Y scrollbar with parent frame
self.scroll_text_vert = Scrollbar(self.frame_textbox_1, orient="vertical")
self.scroll_text_vert.config(command = self.textbox_1.yview)
#pack the scrollbars before the texbox to allow them to fill the frame width and height
self.scroll_text_horiz.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
self.scroll_text_vert.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
self.textbox_1.pack(fill="y")
#connect the scrollbars to the textbox
self.textbox_1["xscrollcommand"] = self.scroll_text_horiz.set
self.textbox_1["yscrollcommand"] = self.scroll_text_vert.set
message = "the quick brown fox"
self.textbox_1.insert(1.1, message)
# ----------------------------------------------
def shop_menu(self, new_window):
print("in shop menu1")
menubar = Menu(new_window)
print("in shop_menu2")
file = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
file.add_command(label="New")
file.add_command(label="Open")
file.add_command(label="Save")
file.add_command(label="Save as...")
file.add_command(label="Close")
file.add_separator()
file.add_command(label="Exit", command=new_window.quit)
menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=file)
edit = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
edit.add_command(label="Undo")
edit.add_separator()
edit.add_command(label="Cut")
edit.add_command(label="Copy")
edit.add_command(label="Paste")
edit.add_command(label="Delete")
edit.add_command(label="Select All")
menubar.add_cascade(label="Edit", menu=edit)
help = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
help.add_command(label="About")
menubar.add_cascade(label="Help", menu=help)
new_window.config(menu=menubar)
print("in shop menu3")
# --------------------------------------- END FACTORY SHOPS---------------------------------------

How do I save my text from the textbox on tkinter to a text file?

Another noob asking for help again. Here is my code. I am trying to collect my text from the textbox. I have searched for the solution on how to save it but it just opens the save file and doesn't save anything. What I am trying to do is to save the text into a file after I've listed data using my widgets as a save file but sadly, that's the only thing that does not work for me. Perhaps I did something wrong in trying to save it. I am trying to fix my function saving_file_txt.
class OrderWindow:
def __init__(self, master):
self.master = master
self.master.title("Order Window Page")
self.master.geometry("1500x800")
self.master.configure(background="azure")
self.frame = Frame(self.master)
self.frame.pack()
# Placeholder for the information when ordering
self.prod_no_var = StringVar() # Product No input placeholder
self.product_name_var = StringVar() # Product Name input placeholder
self.quantity_var = StringVar() # Quantity input placeholder
self.prod_cost_var = StringVar() # Product Cost input placeholder
self.subtotal_var = StringVar() # Subtotal input placeholder
######################### Ordering Frame ################################
# Frame 1 - Ordering Details
self.order_detail_frame = Frame(self.frame, bg="azure")
self.order_detail_frame.grid(row=1, column=0)
self.basket_frame = Frame(self.frame)
self.basket_frame.grid(row=1, column=1)
self.heading = Label(self.order_detail_frame, text="AAT Shopping Application",
font=("arial", 15, "bold")).grid(row=0, column=0, ipadx=25)
self.order_detail_lblFrame = LabelFrame(self.order_detail_frame, text="Order Details")
self.order_detail_lblFrame.grid(row=1, column=0, ipady=50)
self.basket_heading = Label(self.basket_frame,
text="Product No\t\tProduct Name\t\tProduct Quantity\t\tProduct Price\t\tSubtotal"
).grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4, sticky="ne", ipadx=10)
self.basket_textbox = Text(self.basket_frame)
self.basket_textbox.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=4)
###########################Labels#############################
self.order_no = Label(self.order_detail_lblFrame, text="Order No").grid(row=0, column=0)
self.prod_name_lbl = Label(self.order_detail_lblFrame, text="Product Name").grid(row=1, column=0)
self.prod_qty_lbl = Label(self.order_detail_lblFrame, text="Quantity").grid(row=2, column=0)
self.prod_cost_lbl = Label(self.order_detail_lblFrame, text="Product Cost").grid(row=3, column=0)
self.subtotal_lbl = Label(self.order_detail_lblFrame, text="Sub Total").grid(row=4, column=0)
# Entry and Option Menu for ordering
########################### Product Combo Box #############################
self.prod_name_cb = ttk.Combobox(self.order_detail_lblFrame, textvariable=self.product_name_var)
self.prod_name_cb.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=35)
self.prod_name_cb["value"] = ("", "Gundam", "Starwars", "Paw Patrol", "Peppa Pig", "Cars Disney", "Teddy Bear")
self.prod_name_cb.current(0)
########################## Entry Box #############################
self.prod_no_entry = Entry(self.order_detail_lblFrame, textvariable=self.prod_no_var)
self.prod_no_entry.grid(row=0, column=1)
self.order_qty_entry = Entry(self.order_detail_lblFrame, textvariable=self.quantity_var)
self.order_qty_entry.grid(row=2, column=1)
self.order_cost_entry = Entry(self.order_detail_lblFrame, textvariable=self.prod_cost_var, state="disabled")
self.order_cost_entry.grid(row=3, column=1)
self.order_subtotal_entry = Entry(self.order_detail_lblFrame, textvariable=self.subtotal_var,
state="disabled")
self.order_subtotal_entry.grid(row=4, column=1) # Repeated line because it returns none value which gives error
########################## Buttons #############################
self.add_button = Button(self.order_detail_lblFrame, text="Add", command=self.add_item).grid(row=6, column=0)
self.delete_button = Button(self.order_detail_lblFrame, text="Delete", command=self.delete_item).grid(row=7,
column=0)
self.reset_button = Button(self.order_detail_lblFrame, text="Reset", command=self.reset_entry).grid(row=8,
column=0)
self.category_button = Button(self.order_detail_lblFrame, text="View products",
command=self.open_catalogue).grid(row=9, column=0)
self.save_basketfile_button = Button(self.order_detail_lblFrame, text="Save Reciept",
command=self.saving_file_txt
).grid(row=6, column=1)
self.pay_button = Button(self.order_detail_lblFrame, text="Checkout",
command=self.checkout_item).grid(row=7, column=1)
self.screenshot_button = Button(self.order_detail_lblFrame, text="Screenshot Window",
command=self.screenshoot_screen).grid(row=8, column=1)
self.exit_window_button = Button(self.order_detail_lblFrame, text="Exit",
command=self.exit_window).grid(row=9, column=1)
def add_item(self):
global total
item_dict = {"": 0, "Gundam": 10, "Starwars": 20, "Paw Patrol": 30, "Peppa Pig": 15, "Cars Disney": 15,
"Teddy Bear": 10}
order_no = self.prod_no_var.get()
item = self.product_name_var.get()
price = (self.prod_cost_var.get())
qty = int(self.quantity_var.get())
for product, cost in item_dict.items():
if item == product:
price = cost
total = round(price * qty, 2)
self.prod_no_var.set(int(order_no) + 1)
self.prod_cost_var.set("£" + str(price))
self.subtotal_var.set("£" + str(total))
self.basket_textbox.insert(END, self.prod_no_var.get() + "\t\t" + self.product_name_var.get() + "\t\t\t" +
self.quantity_var.get() + "\t\t" + self.prod_cost_var.get() + "\t\t" +
self.subtotal_var.get() + "\n")
def delete_item(self):
self.basket_textbox.delete("1.0", "2.0")
def reset_entry(self):
self.prod_no_var.set("")
self.product_name_var.set("")
self.quantity_var.set("")
self.prod_cost_var.set("")
self.subtotal_var.set("")
def checkout_item(self):
self.newWindow = Toplevel(self.master)
self.app = PaymentWindow(self.newWindow)
def open_catalogue(self):
self.newWindow = Toplevel(self.master)
self.app = CatalogueWindow(self.newWindow)
def exit_window(self):
self.master.destroy()
def screenshoot_screen(self):
window_screenshot = pyautogui.screenshot()
file_path = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(defaultextension=".png")
window_screenshot.save(file_path)
def saving_file_txt(self):
filetext = self.basket_textbox.get("1.0", "end-1c")
save_text = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(
defaultextension="txt",
filetypes=[("Text Files", "*.txt"), ("All Files", "*.*")],
)
filetext.save(save_text)

I too am a newb , but this seems crazy confusing to utilize a class for a new window in tkinter.
Maybe try to simplify by utilizing tkinter.Toplevel() and then sourcing your logical functions from there. eliminate the need for so many self calls and just update forms after submission and save. A simplified example below.
# import libraries (i use as tk to reduce the full import on launch)
import tkinter as tk
client_orders = [] # List of orders
def new_order_popup():
new_order_window.deiconify() # used to open the new order window (toplevel window)
class NEW_ORDER: # new order class, simplified for example)
def __init__(self, product_num, product_name, product_price):
self.product_num = product_num
self.product_name = product_name
self.product_price = product_price
def new_order(product_num, product_name, product_price): # creates each new order when
called.
new_order_window.deiconify()
input_product_num = pro_num_entry.get()
input_product_name = pro_name_entry.get()
input_product_price = float(pro_price_entry.get())
newOrder = NEW_ORDER(input_product_num, input_product_name, input_product_price)
return newOrder
def sub_(): # action when button pressed for submit/save
customer_order = new_order(product_num=str, product_name=str, product_price=float)
price_str = str(customer_order.product_price)
client_orders.append(customer_order)
order_string = (customer_order.product_num,' : ', customer_order.product_name,' :
', price_str,'\n')
print(order_string)
txt_file = open(f'text_doc.txt', 'a')
txt_file.writelines(order_string)
txt_file.close()
def sub_ex(): # same as other button but closes toplevel window.
customer_order = new_order(product_num=str, product_name=str, product_price=float)
price_str = str(customer_order.product_price)
client_orders.append(customer_order)
order_string = (customer_order.product_num, ' : ', customer_order.product_name, '
: ', price_str, '\n')
print(order_string)
txt_file = open(f'text_doc.txt', 'a')
txt_file.writelines(order_string)
txt_file.close()
new_order_window.withdraw()
#main window tkinter code. (at bottom eleviates complicated poiubters abd calls)
main = tk.Tk()
main.geometry('300x100')
main.title('Some Ordering System')
#button that does something
new_order_button = tk.Button(main)
new_order_button.configure(text='NewOrder', command = lambda: new_order_popup())
new_order_button.pack(pady=25)
#secondary window
new_order_window = tk.Toplevel(main)
new_order_window.geometry('300x200')
new_order_window.withdraw()
list_label = tk.Label(new_order_window)
list_label.configure(text='Prod. Num.\nProd. Name.\nProd. Price.')
list_label.place(anchor=tk.NW, x=15, y=15)
pro_num_entry = tk.Entry(new_order_window)
pro_num_entry.configure(width=20)
pro_num_entry.place(anchor=tk.NW, x=100, y=15)
pro_name_entry = tk.Entry(new_order_window)
pro_name_entry.configure(width=20)
pro_name_entry.place(anchor=tk.NW, x=100, y=35)
pro_price_entry = tk.Entry(new_order_window)
pro_price_entry.configure(width=20)
pro_price_entry.place(anchor=tk.NW, x=100, y=55)
submit_button = tk.Button(new_order_window)
submit_button.configure(text='Submit', command = lambda: sub_())
submit_button.place(anchor=tk.NW, x=35, y=100)
submit_exit_button = tk.Button(new_order_window)
submit_exit_button.configure(text='Submit and exit', command = lambda: sub_ex())
submit_exit_button.place(anchor=tk.NW, x=100, y=100)
main.mainloop()
launch: (mainwindow)
click:(toplevel)
output:(txt_file)
Hope this helps a bit. sometimes the answer is in the nested mess with my projects.

There is no save() function for string (filetext). You need to open the selected file (save_text) in write mode and save the text content to the file:
def saving_file_txt(self):
filetext = self.basket_textbox.get("1.0", "end-1c")
save_text = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(
defaultextension="txt",
filetypes=[("Text Files", "*.txt"), ("All Files", "*.*")],
)
if save_text:
with open(save_text, "w") as f:
f.write(filetext)

There's no save() method that can be used to save data; instead, you have to "manually" save the data. You can use the following commands to save the data:
open(filename, 'w').write(data)

How to retain the value of an entry field acquired in a popup toplevel window in tkinter?

I cannot get my code to pass the pop up text entry to a global variable i am also attempting to set this global variable as the default text in the entry field in all future instances.
Pop up -> Enter Filepath -> accept&close -> Re-open shows last filepath present as default -> if changed new filepath entry becomes default in future.
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import *
master = tk.Tk()
Var1 = StringVar()
Filepath_Var = None
def A_Connect():
root = Tk()
root.title("Entry Field")
def entry_field():
global Filepath_Var
Filepath_Var = Var1.get()
tk.Label(root, text="filepath: ").grid(row=0)
e1 = tk.Entry(root, textvariable=Var1)
tk.Label(root, text="Item Number: ").grid(row=1)
e2 = tk.Entry(root)
#e1.insert(0, r"C:\Users\zxy\ghj\iugf\Bea\something.xlsx")
e1.insert(0, Var1.get())
e1.grid(row=0, column=1)
e2.grid(row=1, column=1)
Button(root, text = 'Accept', command = entry_field).grid(row=3, column=1,
sticky=W, pady=4)
root.mainloop()
note = ttk.Notebook(master)
tab1 = tk.Frame(note)
canvas7 = Canvas(tab1, width=520, height=350)
canvas7.pack()
A_Button = tk.Button(tab1, text="A",
width=12, height=3,command=A_Connect, anchor = 'w')
A_Button_Window = canvas7.create_window(20, 120, anchor = 'sw',
window = A_Button)
note.add(tab1, text = " Main ")
note.pack()
master.mainloop()

As a follow up to your earlier question, I encapsulated an example of the (bare bones) desired behavior in two classes:
The main App consists of a button that launches an entry popup; upon filling the fields and accepting, the value in the entry is provided to the App, and the popup closed.
The value entered is stored by the App, and used to populate the entry field of the entry fields in successive popups.
You will probably want to add confirmations and verifications before changing the defaults, and closing the popup, but here, you have the basic skeleton to attach this to.
import tkinter as tk
class PopUpEntry(tk.Toplevel):
def __init__(self, master, default_value=None):
self.master = master
super().__init__(self.master)
if default_value is None:
self.default_entry = 'C:*****\somthing.xlsx'
else:
self.default_entry = default_value
self.title("Entry Field")
tk.Label(self, text="Filepath: ").pack()
self.e1 = tk.Entry(self)
self.e1.insert(0, self.default_entry)
self.e1.pack()
tk.Button(self, text = 'Accept', command=self.entry_field).pack()
def entry_field(self):
self.default_entry = self.e1.get()
self.master.provide_entry_value(self.default_entry)
self.destroy()
class App(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.pop_entry = tk.Button(self, text='launch entry', command=self.launch_entry)
self.pop_entry.pack()
self.default_entry_value = None
self.mainloop()
def launch_entry(self):
PopUpEntry(self, self.default_entry_value)
def provide_entry_value(self, value):
self.default_entry_value = value
print(self.default_entry_value)
App()

Cannot create Entry widget with tkinter

I'm having some trouble creating an entry widget with tkinter. I've imported the necessary modules and have already created several buttons and check boxes. However I cannot figure out how to properly initialize the Entry. Here is my relevant code:
# Necessary Modules.------------------------------------------------------------
import win32com.client as win32
import re
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename
import tkinter.messagebox
# Class for selecting the file.-------------------------------------------------
class FilenameClass():
def __init__(self):
self.location = 'User Import.txt'
def getFile(self, identity):
self.file_opt = options = {}
options['defaultextension'] = '.txt'
options['filetypes'] = [('Text Document (.txt)', '.txt'),
('all files', '.*')]
self.filename = askopenfilename(**self.file_opt)
if self.filename:
if 'User Import' in identity:
self.location = self.filename
app.get_txt_File['bg'] = '#0d0'
user_file = open(self.filename, 'r')
user_total = user_file.read()
remove_lines = user_total.splitlines()
for user in remove_lines:
regex_tab = re.compile('\\t')
user_info = regex_tab.split(user)
app.users.append(user_info)
else:
app.loadButton['bg'] = '#e10'
# Main Class.-------------------------------------------------------------------
class Application(Frame, Tk):
def __init__(self, master=None):
Frame.__init__(self, master)
self.users = []
self.fileOBJtxt = FilenameClass()
self.createWidgets()
def createWidgets(self):
# Define the default values for the options for the buttons
# Grid layout options
self.rowconfigure(0, minsize=5)
self.width = 54
self.grid(padx=5)
self.loadButton_gopt = {'row':1,'column':1,'padx': 2, 'pady': 5}
self.loadButton_wopt = {'width': round(self.width),'bg':'#e10'}
self.loadButton()
self.trainingCheckBox()
self.signatureInput()
def loadButton(self):
'''Button that calls the filename class which allows the user to select
the text file they wish to use.'''
self.get_txt_File = Button(self, text="Load User List", \
command=lambda: self.fileOBJtxt.getFile('User Import'))
for key, value in self.loadButton_wopt.items():
self.get_txt_File[key] = value
self.get_txt_File.grid(**self.loadButton_gopt)
def trainingCheckBox(self):
self.training_var = IntVar()
self.training = Checkbutton(text="Include training video?", \
variable=self.training_var).grid(row=2, sticky=W)
def signatureInput(self):
Label(text="Signature Name").grid(row=4, sticky=W)
entry = Entry(bg='#fff', width=50)
entry.grid(row=4, column=1, columnspan=4)
# Initialization parameters.----------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = Application()
app.master.title('User Notification Tool')
app.master.geometry('405x550+100+100')
app.master.resizable(width=False, height=False)
app.mainloop()
I'm not seeing any tracebacks, but I can't seem to get my Entry box to show up. What am I doing wrong?
EDIT: added entire code.

The problem with your entry field is you have not told it what frame/window to be placed in.
Change:
entry = Entry(bg='#fff', width=50)
To:
entry = Entry(self, bg='#fff', width=50)
Make sure you always provide the window/frame that a widget is going to be placed in as the first argument. In this case it is self as self refers to a frame.
Keep in mind that your program will not be able to get() the string inside of your entry field because you have not defined it as a class attribute. So most likely you will need to change
This:
entry = Entry(bg='#fff', width=50)
entry.grid(row=4, column=1, columnspan=4)
To This:
self.entry = Entry(self, bg='#fff', width=50)
self.entry.grid(row=4, column=1, columnspan=4)
This change will be necessary in order for the rest of your application to be able to read or write to the entry widget.

Change
entry = Entry(bg='#fff', width=50)
to
entry = tk.Entry(bg='#fff', width=50)

How to overwrite data in text file in tkinter

I am creating a program with tkinter which comes with a default name and password stored in a text file. After login you need to open the Toplevel window and type in the name and password you want to use in your subsequent logins. I have defined my variables but if I want to overwrite the text file I receive the below:
Error "NameError: name 'e1' is not defined"
Which I know I have defined.
import sys
from tkinter import messagebox
from tkinter import *
now = open("pass.txt","w+")
now.write("user\n")
now.write("python3")
now.close()
def login_in():
with open("pass.txt") as f:
new = f.readlines()
name = new[0].rstrip()
password = new[1].rstrip()
if entry1.get() == name and entry2.get() == password:
root.deiconify()
log.destroy()
else:
messagebox.showerror("error","login Failed")
def change_login():
ch = Toplevel(root)
ch.geometry('300x300')
e1 = Entry(ch, width=20).pack()
e2 = Entry(ch, width=20).pack()
sb = Button(ch, text="save", command=save_changes).pack()
def save_changes(): # function to change data in the txt file
data = e1.get() + "\n " + e2.get()
with open("pass.txt", "w") as f:
f.writelines(data)
root= Tk()
log = Toplevel()
root.geometry("350x350")
log.geometry("200x200")
entry1 = Entry(log)
entry2 = Entry(log)
button1 = Button(log, text="Login", command=login_in) #Login button
entry1.pack()
entry2.pack()
button1.pack()
label = Label(root, text="welcome").pack()
butt = Button(root, text="change data in file", command=change_login).pack()
root.withdraw()
root.mainloop()

So you have a few options here but in general you have 2 major issues.
The first issue is the use of .pack() after the creation of your e1 and e2 entry fields. This is a problem for the get() method as the geometry manager will return None if you pack this way. The correct method is to create the widget first with e1 = Entry(ch, width=20) and then pack it on the next line with e1.pack() this will allow get() to work on e1.
The second issue is the matter of local variables vs global variables. You have created e1 and e2 inside of the function change_login() and without telling python that e1 and e2 are global variables it will automatically assume you want them as local variables. This means the variables are only accessible from within the function they are created in.
You have a few options and I will break them out for you.
1) The quick and dirty option is to assign e1 and e2 as global variables. This can be done by using global var_name, var2_name, and_so_on so in this case add this line to the top of your change_login(): and save_changes() functions:
global e1, e2
This well tell python to add e1 and e2 to the global name space and it will allow save_changes() to work with the variables in the global name space.
2) Another method is to pass the 2 variables to save_changes() using the button command. We will need to use lambda for this and we can accomplish this by adding:
command = lambda e1=e1, e2=e2: save_changes(e1, e2)
to the button created in change_login() and adding the 2 arguments to save_changes() like this:
save_changes(e1, e2)
This will work just as well as the first option and it also avoids the use of global variables.
3) A third option is to create the entire program as a class and to use class attributes to allow the variables to work with all methods within the class.
Below is an example of your code using the 1st option:
import sys
from tkinter import messagebox
from tkinter import *
now = open("pass.txt","w+")
now.write("user\n")
now.write("python3")
now.close()
def login_in():
with open("pass.txt") as f:
new = f.readlines()
name = new[0].rstrip()
password = new[1].rstrip()
if entry1.get() == name and entry2.get() == password:
root.deiconify()
log.destroy()
else:
messagebox.showerror("error","login Failed")
def change_login():
global e1, e2
ch = Toplevel(root)
ch.geometry('300x300')
e1 = Entry(ch, width=20)
e1.pack()
e2 = Entry(ch, width=20)
e2.pack()
sb = Button(ch, text="save", command=save_changes).pack()
def save_changes(): # function to change data in the txt file
global e1, e2
data = e1.get() + "\n" + e2.get() # removed space after \n
with open("pass.txt", "w") as f:
f.writelines(data)
root= Tk()
log = Toplevel()
root.geometry("350x350")
log.geometry("200x200")
entry1 = Entry(log)
entry2 = Entry(log)
button1 = Button(log, text="Login", command=login_in) #Login button
entry1.pack()
entry2.pack()
button1.pack()
label = Label(root, text="welcome").pack()
butt = Button(root, text="change data in file", command=change_login).pack()
root.withdraw()
root.mainloop()
Below is an example of your code using the 2nd option:
import sys
from tkinter import messagebox
from tkinter import *
now = open("pass.txt","w+")
now.write("user\n")
now.write("python3")
now.close()
def login_in():
with open("pass.txt") as f:
new = f.readlines()
name = new[0].rstrip()
password = new[1].rstrip()
if entry1.get() == name and entry2.get() == password:
root.deiconify()
log.destroy()
else:
messagebox.showerror("error","login Failed")
def change_login():
ch = Toplevel(root)
ch.geometry('300x300')
e1 = Entry(ch, width=20)
e1.pack()
e2 = Entry(ch, width=20)
e2.pack()
Button(ch, text="save", command=lambda e1=e1, e2=e2: save_changes(e1, e2)).pack()
def save_changes(e1, e2): # function to change data in the txt file
data = e1.get() + "\n" + e2.get() # removed space after \n
with open("pass.txt", "w") as f:
f.writelines(data)
root= Tk()
log = Toplevel()
root.geometry("350x350")
log.geometry("200x200")
entry1 = Entry(log)
entry2 = Entry(log)
button1 = Button(log, text="Login", command=login_in) #Login button
entry1.pack()
entry2.pack()
button1.pack()
label = Label(root, text="welcome").pack()
butt = Button(root, text="change data in file", command=change_login).pack()
root.withdraw()
root.mainloop()
Below is an example of your code converted to a class and using class attributes to avoid the use of global variables.
import sys
from tkinter import messagebox
from tkinter import *
class MyApp(Frame):
def __init__(self, master, *args, **kwargs):
Frame.__init__(self, master, *args, **kwargs)
self.master = master
self.master.withdraw()
self.log = Toplevel()
self.master.geometry("350x350")
self.log.geometry("200x200")
self.entry1 = Entry(self.log)
self.entry2 = Entry(self.log)
self.button1 = Button(self.log, text="Login", command=self.login_in)
self.entry1.pack()
self.entry2.pack()
self.button1.pack()
Label(root, text="welcome").pack()
Button(root, text="change data in file", command=self.change_login).pack()
def login_in(self):
with open("pass.txt") as f:
new = f.readlines()
name = new[0].rstrip()
password = new[1].rstrip()
if self.entry1.get() == name and self.entry2.get() == password:
self.master.deiconify()
self.log.destroy()
else:
messagebox.showerror("error","login Failed")
def change_login(self):
ch = Toplevel(self.master)
ch.geometry('300x300')
self.e1 = Entry(ch, width=20)
self.e1.pack()
self.e2 = Entry(ch, width=20)
self.e2.pack()
Button(ch, text="save", command=self.save_changes).pack()
def save_changes(self):
data = "{}\n{}".format(self.e1.get(), self.e2.get())
with open("pass.txt", "w") as f:
f.writelines(data)
if __name__ == "__main__":
now = open("pass.txt","w+")
now.write("user\n")
now.write("python3")
now.close()
root = Tk()
app = MyApp(root)
root.mainloop()