Related
I have some code like:
def example(parameter):
global str
str = str(parameter)
print(str)
example(1)
example(2)
The first call to example works, but then the second time around I get an error like:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 7, in <module>
example(2)
File "test.py", line 3, in example
str = str(parameter)
TypeError: 'str' object is not callable
Why does this happen, and how can I fix it?
If you are in an interactive session and encountered a problem like this, and you want to fix the problem without restarting the interpreter, see How to restore a builtin that I overwrote by accident?.
Where the code says:
global str
str = str(parameter)
You are redefining what str() means. str is the built-in Python name of the string type, and you don't want to change it.
Use a different name for the local variable, and remove the global statement.
Note that if you used code like this at the Python REPL, then the assignment to the global str will persist until you do something about it. You can restart the interpreter, or del str. The latter works because str is not actually a defined global variable by default - instead, it's normally found in a fallback (the builtins standard library module, which is specially imported at startup and given the global name __builtins__).
While not in your code, another hard-to-spot error is when the % character is missing in an attempt of string formatting:
"foo %s bar %s coffee"("blah","asdf")
but it should be:
"foo %s bar %s coffee"%("blah","asdf")
The missing % would result in the same TypeError: 'str' object is not callable.
In my case I had a class that had a method and a string property of the same name, I was trying to call the method but was getting the string property.
Note that TypeError: 'str' object is not callable means only that there is an attempt to call (i.e., use function-call syntax) a string (i.e., any name that previously had a string assigned to it). Using any other built-in method as variable name can cause the exact same error message.
You can get this error if you have variable str and trying to call str() function.
Whenever that happens, just issue the following ( it was also posted above)
>>> del str
That should fix it.
Another case of this: Messing with the __repr__ function of an object where a format() call fails non-transparently.
In our case, we used a #property decorator on the __repr__ and passed that object to a format(). The #property decorator causes the __repr__ object to be turned into a string, which then results in the str object is not callable error.
Check your input parameters, and make sure you don't have one named type. If so then you will have a clash and get this error.
str = 'Hello World String'
print(str(10)+' Good day!!')
Even I faced this issue with the above code as we are shadowing str() function.
Solution is:
string1 = 'Hello World String'
print(str(10)+' Good day!!')
I had the same error. In my case wasn't because of a variable named str. But because I named a function with a str parameter and the variable the same.
same_name = same_name(var_name: str)
I run it in a loop. The first time it run ok. The second time I got this error. Renaming the variable to a name different from the function name fixed this. So I think it's because Python once associate a function name in a scope, the second time tries to associate the left part (same_name =) as a call to the function and detects that the str parameter is not present, so it's missing, then it throws that error.
This error can also occur as a result of trying to call a property (as though it were a function):
class Example:
#property
def value():
return 'test'
e = Example()
print(e.value()) # should just be `e.value` to get the string
This problem can be caused by code like:
"Foo" ("Bar" if bar else "Baz")
You can concatenate string literals by putting them next to each other, like "Foo" "Bar". However, because of the open parenthesis, the code was interpreted as an attempt to call the string "Foo" as if it were a function.
it could be also you are trying to index in the wrong way:
a = 'apple'
a(3) ===> 'str' object is not callable
a[3] = l
it is recommended not to use str int list etc.. as variable names, even though python will allow it.
this is because it might create such accidents when trying to access reserved keywords that are named the same
This error could also occur with code like:
class Shape:
def __init__(self, colour):
self.colour = colour
def colour(self):
print("colour:", self.colour)
myShape = Shape("pink")
myShape.colour()
In the __init__ method, we assign an attribute colour, which has the same name as the method colour. When we later attempt to call the method, the instance's attribute is looked up instead. myShape.colour is the string "pink", which is not callable.
To fix this, change either the method name or the variable name.
I also got this error.
For me it was just a typo:
I wrote:
driver.find_element_by_id("swal2-content").text()
while it should have been:
driver.find_element_by_id("swal2-content").text
In my case, I had a Class with a method in it. The method did not have 'self' as the first parameter and the error was being thrown when I made a call to the method. Once I added 'self,' to the method's parameter list, it was fine.
FWIW I just hit this on a slightly different use case. I scoured and scoured my code looking for where I might've used a 'str' variable, but could not find it. I started to suspect that maybe one of the modules I imported was the culprit... but alas, it was a missing '%' character in a formatted print statement.
Here's an example:
x=5
y=6
print("x as a string is: %s. y as a string is: %s" (str(x) , str(y)) )
This will result in the output:
TypeError: 'str' object is not callable
The correction is:
x=5
y=6
print("x as a string is: %s. y as a string is: %s" % (str(x) , str(y)) )
Resulting in our expected output:
x as a string is: 5. y as a string is: 6
It also give same error if math library not imported,
import math
I realize this is not a runtime warning, but PyCharm gave me this similarly-worded IDE warning:
if hasattr(w, 'to_json'):
return w.to_json()
# warning, 'str' object is not callable
This was because the IDE assumed w.to_json was a string. The solution was to add a callable() check:
if hasattr(w, 'to_json') and callable(w.to_json):
return w.to_json()
Then the warning went away. This same check may also prevent the runtime exception in the original question.
For example, the following, the first parameter should be restricted to a string, and the second parameter should be a function. However, this is wrong syntax for both. Anyone can help suggest the correct syntax to impose the type restriction?
def GetArg(msg:String, converter:lambda, default):
print("{}, the default is '{}':".format(msg, default))
return converter(stdin.readline().strip())
It gives error
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "E:/stdin_ext.py", line 4, in <module>
def GetArg(msg:String, converter, default:String):
NameError: name 'String' is not defined
and
File "E:/stdin_ext.py", line 4
def GetArg(msg:String, converter:lambda, default:String):
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
You can use the typing module.
from typing import Callable
def get_arg(msg: str, converter: Callable[[str], str], default) -> str:
print(f"{msg}, the default is '{default}':")
return converter(stdin.readline().strip())
assuming your function converter takes a string a returns a string, and that get_arg returns a string. Note the code has also been modified to follow python's naming convention and uses f strings over older style format strings.
Also note that these type hints are just that, hints. They are not checked statically or at runtime. Although, certain IDE's will help you ensure they are correct.
You should use str instead of String and Callable instead of lambda:
from typing import Callable
def GetArg(msg:str, converter:Callable, default):
print("{}, the default is '{}':".format(msg, default))
return converter(stdin.readline().strip())
That is, unless you have a specific class called String and you are expecting an argument of its type.
When you write lambda you are defining a new lambda, not specifying a type for a function, whence the error.
I believe it is also important to point out that types in python are only a useful notation but it does not raise any error by itself, for example I could still call GetArg(1,2,3) and don't get any error just by the type hinting (of course I would get an error trying to pass an argument to an int afterwards).
I have some code like:
def example(parameter):
global str
str = str(parameter)
print(str)
example(1)
example(2)
The first call to example works, but then the second time around I get an error like:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 7, in <module>
example(2)
File "test.py", line 3, in example
str = str(parameter)
TypeError: 'str' object is not callable
Why does this happen, and how can I fix it?
If you are in an interactive session and encountered a problem like this, and you want to fix the problem without restarting the interpreter, see How to restore a builtin that I overwrote by accident?.
Where the code says:
global str
str = str(parameter)
You are redefining what str() means. str is the built-in Python name of the string type, and you don't want to change it.
Use a different name for the local variable, and remove the global statement.
Note that if you used code like this at the Python REPL, then the assignment to the global str will persist until you do something about it. You can restart the interpreter, or del str. The latter works because str is not actually a defined global variable by default - instead, it's normally found in a fallback (the builtins standard library module, which is specially imported at startup and given the global name __builtins__).
While not in your code, another hard-to-spot error is when the % character is missing in an attempt of string formatting:
"foo %s bar %s coffee"("blah","asdf")
but it should be:
"foo %s bar %s coffee"%("blah","asdf")
The missing % would result in the same TypeError: 'str' object is not callable.
In my case I had a class that had a method and a string property of the same name, I was trying to call the method but was getting the string property.
Note that TypeError: 'str' object is not callable means only that there is an attempt to call (i.e., use function-call syntax) a string (i.e., any name that previously had a string assigned to it). Using any other built-in method as variable name can cause the exact same error message.
You can get this error if you have variable str and trying to call str() function.
Whenever that happens, just issue the following ( it was also posted above)
>>> del str
That should fix it.
Another case of this: Messing with the __repr__ function of an object where a format() call fails non-transparently.
In our case, we used a #property decorator on the __repr__ and passed that object to a format(). The #property decorator causes the __repr__ object to be turned into a string, which then results in the str object is not callable error.
Check your input parameters, and make sure you don't have one named type. If so then you will have a clash and get this error.
str = 'Hello World String'
print(str(10)+' Good day!!')
Even I faced this issue with the above code as we are shadowing str() function.
Solution is:
string1 = 'Hello World String'
print(str(10)+' Good day!!')
I had the same error. In my case wasn't because of a variable named str. But because I named a function with a str parameter and the variable the same.
same_name = same_name(var_name: str)
I run it in a loop. The first time it run ok. The second time I got this error. Renaming the variable to a name different from the function name fixed this. So I think it's because Python once associate a function name in a scope, the second time tries to associate the left part (same_name =) as a call to the function and detects that the str parameter is not present, so it's missing, then it throws that error.
This error can also occur as a result of trying to call a property (as though it were a function):
class Example:
#property
def value():
return 'test'
e = Example()
print(e.value()) # should just be `e.value` to get the string
This problem can be caused by code like:
"Foo" ("Bar" if bar else "Baz")
You can concatenate string literals by putting them next to each other, like "Foo" "Bar". However, because of the open parenthesis, the code was interpreted as an attempt to call the string "Foo" as if it were a function.
it could be also you are trying to index in the wrong way:
a = 'apple'
a(3) ===> 'str' object is not callable
a[3] = l
it is recommended not to use str int list etc.. as variable names, even though python will allow it.
this is because it might create such accidents when trying to access reserved keywords that are named the same
This error could also occur with code like:
class Shape:
def __init__(self, colour):
self.colour = colour
def colour(self):
print("colour:", self.colour)
myShape = Shape("pink")
myShape.colour()
In the __init__ method, we assign an attribute colour, which has the same name as the method colour. When we later attempt to call the method, the instance's attribute is looked up instead. myShape.colour is the string "pink", which is not callable.
To fix this, change either the method name or the variable name.
I also got this error.
For me it was just a typo:
I wrote:
driver.find_element_by_id("swal2-content").text()
while it should have been:
driver.find_element_by_id("swal2-content").text
In my case, I had a Class with a method in it. The method did not have 'self' as the first parameter and the error was being thrown when I made a call to the method. Once I added 'self,' to the method's parameter list, it was fine.
FWIW I just hit this on a slightly different use case. I scoured and scoured my code looking for where I might've used a 'str' variable, but could not find it. I started to suspect that maybe one of the modules I imported was the culprit... but alas, it was a missing '%' character in a formatted print statement.
Here's an example:
x=5
y=6
print("x as a string is: %s. y as a string is: %s" (str(x) , str(y)) )
This will result in the output:
TypeError: 'str' object is not callable
The correction is:
x=5
y=6
print("x as a string is: %s. y as a string is: %s" % (str(x) , str(y)) )
Resulting in our expected output:
x as a string is: 5. y as a string is: 6
It also give same error if math library not imported,
import math
I realize this is not a runtime warning, but PyCharm gave me this similarly-worded IDE warning:
if hasattr(w, 'to_json'):
return w.to_json()
# warning, 'str' object is not callable
This was because the IDE assumed w.to_json was a string. The solution was to add a callable() check:
if hasattr(w, 'to_json') and callable(w.to_json):
return w.to_json()
Then the warning went away. This same check may also prevent the runtime exception in the original question.
I'm trying to print out some values according to a sequence rule n(n+1)/2 from another list, I have so far:
for i in range(0,5):
print LHS[(i(i+1))/2]
Why should this not work but print LHS[i] be fine?
However this is raising the error in the title. I do not understand why this would not work in Python.
If anybody could help I would be very grateful!!
You forgot an operator here:
i(i+1)
Python interprets that as a call expression; i must be a callable, passing in i+1 as the single argument. Since i is an integer instead, which is not callable, you get an exception.
Perhaps you meant:
i * (i+1)
You are attempting to call "i" as a function i(i+1)
maybe you meant :
i*(i+1)
?
I have some code like:
def example(parameter):
global str
str = str(parameter)
print(str)
example(1)
example(2)
The first call to example works, but then the second time around I get an error like:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 7, in <module>
example(2)
File "test.py", line 3, in example
str = str(parameter)
TypeError: 'str' object is not callable
Why does this happen, and how can I fix it?
If you are in an interactive session and encountered a problem like this, and you want to fix the problem without restarting the interpreter, see How to restore a builtin that I overwrote by accident?.
Where the code says:
global str
str = str(parameter)
You are redefining what str() means. str is the built-in Python name of the string type, and you don't want to change it.
Use a different name for the local variable, and remove the global statement.
Note that if you used code like this at the Python REPL, then the assignment to the global str will persist until you do something about it. You can restart the interpreter, or del str. The latter works because str is not actually a defined global variable by default - instead, it's normally found in a fallback (the builtins standard library module, which is specially imported at startup and given the global name __builtins__).
While not in your code, another hard-to-spot error is when the % character is missing in an attempt of string formatting:
"foo %s bar %s coffee"("blah","asdf")
but it should be:
"foo %s bar %s coffee"%("blah","asdf")
The missing % would result in the same TypeError: 'str' object is not callable.
In my case I had a class that had a method and a string property of the same name, I was trying to call the method but was getting the string property.
Note that TypeError: 'str' object is not callable means only that there is an attempt to call (i.e., use function-call syntax) a string (i.e., any name that previously had a string assigned to it). Using any other built-in method as variable name can cause the exact same error message.
You can get this error if you have variable str and trying to call str() function.
Whenever that happens, just issue the following ( it was also posted above)
>>> del str
That should fix it.
Another case of this: Messing with the __repr__ function of an object where a format() call fails non-transparently.
In our case, we used a #property decorator on the __repr__ and passed that object to a format(). The #property decorator causes the __repr__ object to be turned into a string, which then results in the str object is not callable error.
Check your input parameters, and make sure you don't have one named type. If so then you will have a clash and get this error.
str = 'Hello World String'
print(str(10)+' Good day!!')
Even I faced this issue with the above code as we are shadowing str() function.
Solution is:
string1 = 'Hello World String'
print(str(10)+' Good day!!')
I had the same error. In my case wasn't because of a variable named str. But because I named a function with a str parameter and the variable the same.
same_name = same_name(var_name: str)
I run it in a loop. The first time it run ok. The second time I got this error. Renaming the variable to a name different from the function name fixed this. So I think it's because Python once associate a function name in a scope, the second time tries to associate the left part (same_name =) as a call to the function and detects that the str parameter is not present, so it's missing, then it throws that error.
This error can also occur as a result of trying to call a property (as though it were a function):
class Example:
#property
def value():
return 'test'
e = Example()
print(e.value()) # should just be `e.value` to get the string
This problem can be caused by code like:
"Foo" ("Bar" if bar else "Baz")
You can concatenate string literals by putting them next to each other, like "Foo" "Bar". However, because of the open parenthesis, the code was interpreted as an attempt to call the string "Foo" as if it were a function.
it could be also you are trying to index in the wrong way:
a = 'apple'
a(3) ===> 'str' object is not callable
a[3] = l
it is recommended not to use str int list etc.. as variable names, even though python will allow it.
this is because it might create such accidents when trying to access reserved keywords that are named the same
This error could also occur with code like:
class Shape:
def __init__(self, colour):
self.colour = colour
def colour(self):
print("colour:", self.colour)
myShape = Shape("pink")
myShape.colour()
In the __init__ method, we assign an attribute colour, which has the same name as the method colour. When we later attempt to call the method, the instance's attribute is looked up instead. myShape.colour is the string "pink", which is not callable.
To fix this, change either the method name or the variable name.
I also got this error.
For me it was just a typo:
I wrote:
driver.find_element_by_id("swal2-content").text()
while it should have been:
driver.find_element_by_id("swal2-content").text
In my case, I had a Class with a method in it. The method did not have 'self' as the first parameter and the error was being thrown when I made a call to the method. Once I added 'self,' to the method's parameter list, it was fine.
FWIW I just hit this on a slightly different use case. I scoured and scoured my code looking for where I might've used a 'str' variable, but could not find it. I started to suspect that maybe one of the modules I imported was the culprit... but alas, it was a missing '%' character in a formatted print statement.
Here's an example:
x=5
y=6
print("x as a string is: %s. y as a string is: %s" (str(x) , str(y)) )
This will result in the output:
TypeError: 'str' object is not callable
The correction is:
x=5
y=6
print("x as a string is: %s. y as a string is: %s" % (str(x) , str(y)) )
Resulting in our expected output:
x as a string is: 5. y as a string is: 6
It also give same error if math library not imported,
import math
I realize this is not a runtime warning, but PyCharm gave me this similarly-worded IDE warning:
if hasattr(w, 'to_json'):
return w.to_json()
# warning, 'str' object is not callable
This was because the IDE assumed w.to_json was a string. The solution was to add a callable() check:
if hasattr(w, 'to_json') and callable(w.to_json):
return w.to_json()
Then the warning went away. This same check may also prevent the runtime exception in the original question.