I'm making a small flask app where I had something like this:
#app.route('/bye')
def logout():
session.pop('logged_in', None)
flash('Adiós')
return redirect('/index')
Needless to say when I ran the application and I navigated to '/bye' it gave me a UnicodeDecodeError. Well, now it gives me the same unicodedecodeerror on every page that extends the base template (which renders the messages) even after restarting the application. and always with the same dump() despite removing that flash in the source code. All I can think of is what the crap? Help please.
Well I had to restart my computer to clear the stupid session cache or something.
I think that flash() actually creates a session called session['_flashes']. See this code here. So you will probably have to either:
clear/delete the cookie
OR
session.pop('_flashes', None)
Flask flashing stores the messages in a session cookie until they are succesfully "consumed".
If you get a UnicodeDecodeError (https://wiki.python.org/moin/UnicodeDecodeError) in this case the messages is not consumed, so you get the error again and again.
My solution was to delete the cookie from the browser
Since I had the problem when using localization, I solved the cause now by installing my translation object like:
trans = gettext.GNUTranslations(...)
trans.install(unicode=True)
and having UTF-8 encoding in my python source files and "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" in the translation file (.pot)
You're using an non ascii string "adiós", so you need to ensure that python will process strings as unicode, not as ascii.
Add this to the header of your python file. This will tell the compiler that your file contains utf8 strings
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
so your code will be something like this:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from flask import Flask
app = Flask()
#app.route('/bye')
def logout():
session.pop('logged_in', None)
flash('Adiós')
return redirect('/index')
Related
This is probably a stupid question/problem, but i could not find an answer for it. Also, it may not realy be twisted specific.
I am trying to write a resource for a twisted.web webserver, which should serve a page containing non-ascii characters.
According to this discusson, all i need to do is to set the Content-Type HTTP-Header and return an encoded string.
Unfortunately, the page shows invalid characters.
Here is the code (as a .rpy):
"""a unicode test"""
from twisted.web.resource import Resource
class UnicodeTestResource(Resource):
"""A unicode test resource."""
isLeaf = True
encoding = "utf-8"
def render_GET(self, request):
text = u"unicode test\n ä ö ü ß"
raw = u"<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Unicode encoding test</TITLE><HEAD><BODY><P>{t}</P></BODY></HTML>".format(t=text)
enc = raw.encode(self.encoding)
request.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=" + self.encoding)
return enc
resource = UnicodeTestResource()
The result (without the html) is: unicode test ä ö ü Ã.
Is this caused by an encoding mismatch between the server and the client?
I am using python 2.7.12 and twisted 17.1.0. The page has been accessed using firefox.
Sorry for my terrible english.
Thanks
EDIT: I found the problem. I assumed that twisted.web.static.File with a ResourceScript processor would use the encoding specified in the file in which the reactor is running.
Apparently this is not the case.
Adding # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- on the top of each file fixed the problem.
I want create contact app that can let user send feedback to terminal. I use mail_managers to do this thing. But I cannot solve code problem.
body = u"信息来自:%s\n\n\t%s" % (email,text)
mail_managers(full_reason, body)
I want terminal print below:
信息来自:youremail#domain.com
成功
Actually terminal print below:
淇℃伅鏉ヨ嚜:youremail#domain.com
鎴愬姛
Try adding this to the top of your python file
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
I am using flask.ext.rest to build a api. I want return some chinese string. However, every time I receive "\u7231"(This is a string of length 8). What should I do to receive 爱 ?
from flask import Flask
from flask.ext.restful import reqparse, abort, Api, Resource
class E2C(Resource): # English to Chinglish
def get(self):
chinese = u'爱'
type(chinese) # unicode
return chinese
The get method should return a Response instance. see docs here.
The code should be:
from flask import Flask, make_response
from flask.ext.restful import reqparse, abort, Api, Resource
class E2C(Resource): # English to Chinglish
def get(self):
chinese = u'爱'
type(chinese) # unicode
return make_response(chinese)
'\u7231' is indeed the character you seek, the problem is with the rendering of that character by whatever device you're using to display it.
So your browser page probably needs to include a meta tag to render UTF-8
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
</head>
cURL, on the other hand, given a quick google for you, it sounds like it receives the unicode char ok by default so it's only a question of what you're using to store/display the results... you need to prevent the terminal or file system or program, or whatever you're using, from converting that unicode char back into it's numerical representation. So if you save it to file you need to ensure that file gets a utf-8 character encoding; if you render it to screen you need ensure your screen is capable and expecting it.
make_response can actually solve the problem.
My case is slightly different, as I have a dictionary object and it hasn't not been encoded to utf-8 yet. so I modify the solution from #Xing Shi, in case there are someone else having similar problem as I did.
def get(self):
return make_response(
dumps({"similar": "爱“, "similar_norm": ”this－thing"},
ensure_ascii=False).decode('utf-8'))
Below is my code for setting and reading cookies in bottle.
if request.get_cookie('mycookiename'):
cookie_id = request.get_cookie('mycookiename')
else:
cookie_id=str(uuid4())
response.set_cookie('mycookiename', cookie_id , max_age=31556952*2, domain='%s' % (cookie_domain))
When I go to firefox and firebug, I can see that the cookie is set. But, when I refresh the page, I get a new cookie. Every request is a new cookie id.
So, how do I resolve?
This code works. You set a new value cookie with uuid4 if you have not a cookie already define.
In your code, i guess your "else" condition is bad.
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#!/usr/bin/env python
from uuid import uuid4
import bottle
#bottle.route('/cookie')
def cookie():
cookie_id = bottle.request.get_cookie('mycookiename', str(uuid4()))
bottle.response.set_cookie('mycookiename', cookie_id)
return 'hello cookie'
if __name__ == '__main__':
bottle.run(host='localhost', port=8080)
I'm very new to Python. I just know what Python is.
I have created the below code (in Python IDLE):
print "Hi Welcome to Python test page\n";
print "Now it will show a calculation";
print "30+2=";
print 30+2;
Then I saved this page in my localhost as index.py
I run the script using
http://localhost/index.py
But it does not show the executed Python script. Instead, it showed the above code as HTML. Where is the problem? How can I run a Python file in a web page?
In order for your code to show, you need several things:
Firstly, there needs to be a server that handles HTTP requests. At the moment you are just opening a file with Firefox on your local hard drive. A server like Apache or something similar is required.
Secondly, presuming that you now have a server that serves the files, you will also need something that interprets the code as Python code for the server. For Python users the go to solution is nowadays mod_wsgi. But for simpler cases you could stick with CGI (more info here), but if you want to produce web pages easily, you should go with a existing Python web framework like Django.
Setting this up can be quite the hassle, so be prepared.
As others have pointed out, there are many web frameworks for Python.
But, seeing as you are just getting started with Python, a simple CGI script might be more appropriate:
Rename your script to index.cgi. You also need to execute chmod +x index.cgi to give it execution privileges.
Add these 2 lines in the beginning of the file:
#!/usr/bin/python
print('Content-type: text/html\r\n\r')
After this the Python code should run just like in terminal, except the output goes to the browser. When you get that working, you can use the cgi module to get data back from the browser.
Note: this assumes that your webserver is running Linux. For Windows, #!/Python26/python might work instead.
Using the Flask library in Python, you can achieve that.
Remember to store your HTML page to a folder named "templates" inside where you are running your Python script.
So your folder would look like
templates (folder which would contain your HTML file)
your Python script
This is a small example of your Python script. This simply checks for plagiarism.
from flask import Flask
from flask import request
from flask import render_template
import stringComparison
app = Flask(__name__)
#app.route('/')
def my_form():
return render_template("my-form.html") # This should be the name of your HTML file
#app.route('/', methods=['POST'])
def my_form_post():
text1 = request.form['text1']
text2 = request.form['text2']
plagiarismPercent = stringComparison.extremelySimplePlagiarismChecker(text1,text2)
if plagiarismPercent > 50 :
return "<h1>Plagiarism Detected !</h1>"
else :
return "<h1>No Plagiarism Detected !</h1>"
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
This a small template of HTML file that is used:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<body>
<h1>Enter the texts to be compared</h1>
<form action="." method="POST">
<input type="text" name="text1">
<input type="text" name="text2">
<input type="submit" name="my-form" value="Check !">
</form>
</body>
</html>
This is a small little way through which you can achieve a simple task of comparing two strings and which can be easily changed to suit your requirements.
If you are using your own computer, install a software called XAMPP (or WAMP either works). This is basically a website server that only runs on your computer. Then, once it is installed, go to the xampp folder and double click the htdocs folder. Now you
need to create an HTML file (I'm going to call it runpython.html). (Remember to move the Python file to htdocs as well.)
Add in this to your HTML body (and inputs as necessary).
<form action = "file_name.py" method = "POST">
<input type = "submit" value = "Run the Program!!!">
</form>
Now, in the Python file, we are basically going to be printing out HTML code.
# We will need a comment here depending on your server. It is basically telling the server where your python.exe is in order to interpret the language. The server is too lazy to do it itself.
import cgitb
import cgi
cgitb.enable() # This will show any errors on your webpage
inputs = cgi.FieldStorage() # REMEMBER: We do not have inputs, simply a button to run the program. In order to get inputs, give each one a name and call it by inputs['insert_name']
print "Content-type: text/html" # We are using HTML, so we need to tell the server
print # Just do it because it is in the tutorial :P
print "<title> MyPythonWebpage </title>"
print "Whatever you would like to print goes here, preferably in between tags to make it look nice"
Well, the OP didn't say server or client side, so I will just leave this here in case someone like me is looking for client side:
Skulpt is a implementation of Python to run at client side. Very interesting, no plugin required, just simple JavaScript code.
With your current requirement, this would work:
def start_html():
return '<html>'
def end_html():
return '</html>'
def print_html(text):
text = str(text)
text = text.replace('\n', '<br>')
return '<p>' + str(text) + '</p>'
if __name__ == '__main__':
webpage_data = start_html()
webpage_data += print_html("Hi Welcome to Python test page\n")
webpage_data += fd.write(print_html("Now it will show a calculation"))
webpage_data += print_html("30+2=")
webpage_data += print_html(30+2)
webpage_data += end_html()
with open('index.html', 'w') as fd: fd.write(webpage_data)
Open the index.html file, and you will see what you want.