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I'm making the snake game in Python3 and keep getting this Error: name 'Tk' is not defined what should I do? [duplicate]

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How do I import other Python files?
(23 answers)
Closed 6 months ago.
file.py contains a function named function. How do I import it?
from file.py import function(a,b)
The above gives an error:
ImportError: No module named 'file.py'; file is not a package

First, import function from file.py:
from file import function
Later, call the function using:
function(a, b)
Note that file is one of Python's core modules, so I suggest you change the filename of file.py to something else.
Note that if you're trying to import functions from a.py to a file called b.py, you will need to make sure that a.py and b.py are in the same directory.

Do not write .py when importing.
Let file_a.py contain some functions inside it:
def f():
return 1
def g():
return 2
To import these functions into file_z.py, do this:
from file_a import f, g

If your file is in the different package structure and you want to call it from a different package, then you can call it in that fashion:
Let's say you have following package structure in your python project:
in - com.my.func.DifferentFunction python file you have some function, like:
def add(arg1, arg2):
return arg1 + arg2
def sub(arg1, arg2) :
return arg1 - arg2
def mul(arg1, arg2) :
return arg1 * arg2
And you want to call different functions from Example3.py, then following way you can do it:
Define import statement in Example3.py - file for import all function
from com.my.func.DifferentFunction import *
or define each function name which you want to import
from com.my.func.DifferentFunction import add, sub, mul
Then in Example3.py you can call function for execute:
num1 = 20
num2 = 10
print("\n add : ", add(num1,num2))
print("\n sub : ", sub(num1,num2))
print("\n mul : ", mul(num1,num2))
Output:
add : 30
sub : 10
mul : 200

Method 1. Import the specific function(s) you want from file.py:
from file import function
Method 2. Import the entire file:
import file as fl
Then, to call any function inside file.py, use:
fl.function(a, b)

You can call the function from a different directory as well, in case you cannot or do not want to have the function in the same directory you are working. You can do this in two ways (perhaps there are more alternatives, but these are the ones that have worked for me).
Alternative 1
Temporarily change your working directory
import os
os.chdir("**Put here the directory where you have the file with your function**")
from file import function
os.chdir("**Put here the directory where you were working**")
Alternative 2
Add the directory where you have your function to sys.path
import sys
sys.path.append("**Put here the directory where you have the file with your function**")
from file import function

To fix
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named
try using a dot (.) in front of the filename to do a relative import:
from .file import function

Functions from .py file (can (of course) be in different directory) can be simply imported by writing directories first and then the file name without .py extension:
from directory_name.file_name import function_name
And later be used: function_name()

Rename the module to something other than 'file'.
Then also be sure when you are calling the function that:
1)if you are importing the entire module, you reiterate the module name when calling it:
import module
module.function_name()
or
import pizza
pizza.pizza_function()
2)or if you are importing specific functions, functions with an alias, or all functions using *, you don't reiterate the module name:
from pizza import pizza_function
pizza_function()
or
from pizza import pizza_function as pf
pf()
or
from pizza import *
pizza_function()

First save the file in .py format (for example, my_example.py).
And if that file have functions,
def xyz():
--------
--------
def abc():
--------
--------
In the calling function you just have to type the below lines.
file_name: my_example2.py
============================
import my_example.py
a = my_example.xyz()
b = my_example.abc()
============================

append a dot . in front of a file name if you want to import this file which is in the same directory where you are running your code.
For example, I'm running a file named a.py and I want to import a method named addFun which is written in b.py, and b.py is there in the same directory
from .b import addFun

Inside MathMethod.Py.
def Add(a,b):
return a+b
def subtract(a,b):
return a-b
Inside Main.Py
import MathMethod as MM
print(MM.Add(200,1000))
Output:1200

You don't have to add file.py.
Just keep the file in the same location with the file from where you want to import it. Then just import your functions:
from file import a, b

Solution1: In one file myfun.py define any function(s).
# functions
def Print_Text():
print( 'Thank You')
def Add(a,b):
c=a+b
return c
In the other file:
#Import defined functions
from myfun import *
#Call functions
Print_Text()
c=Add(1,2)
Solution2: if this above solution did not work for Colab
Create a foldermyfun
Inside this folder create a file __init__.py
Write all your functions in __init__.py
Import your functions from Colab notebook from myfun import *

You should have the file at the same location as that of the Python files you are trying to import. Also 'from file import function' is enough.

Any of the above solutions didn't work for me. I got ModuleNotFoundError: No module named whtever error.
So my solution was importing like below
from . import filename # without .py
inside my first file I have defined function fun like below
# file name is firstFile.py
def fun():
print('this is fun')
inside the second file lets say I want to call the function fun
from . import firstFile
def secondFunc():
firstFile.fun() # calling `fun` from the first file
secondFunc() # calling the function `secondFunc`

Suppose the file you want to call is anotherfile.py and the method you want to call is method1, then first import the file and then the method
from anotherfile import method1
if method1 is part of a class, let the class be class1, then
from anotherfile import class1
then create an object of class1, suppose the object name is ob1, then
ob1 = class1()
ob1.method1()

in my case i named my file helper.scrap.py and couldn't make it work until i changed to helper.py

in my main script detectiveROB.py file i need call passGen function which generate password hash and that functions is under modules\passwordGen.py
The quickest and easiest solution for me is
Below is my directory structure
So in detectiveROB.py i have import my function with below syntax
from modules.passwordGen import passGen

Just a quick suggestion,
Those who believe in auto-import by pressing alt+ enter in Pycharm and cannot get help.
Just change the file name from where you want to import by:
right-clicking on the file and clicking on refactor-> rename.
Your auto-import option will start coming up

Functions in other files

How can I use functions that I have created before, in different python files and projects? for example functions that I have created in project A I want to use in project B.

You need to import like any other library you import in your python file. For example if you have a python script A.py and you are writing another python script B.py and you want to use some methods of A then you just need to import like this:
from A import *
Will import all the methods of A.
you can import a specific method only like this:
from A import method1
Thanks hope it helps

A.py contains
def myFunction():
print("Hello World")
you can call this function in your B.py
by simply importing it
B.py contains
import A
A.myFunction()

NameError: name 'FunctionName' is not defined

I have two files. One named MainMenu.py another named MissionMenu.py for a simple text game I was making. But I ran into an issue (I'm still rather new to this) that is giving me a NameError:.
The first file looks like this
from MissionMenu import *
def mainMenu():
x = input("Type Something:")
missionMenu()
mainMenu()
The second File looks like this
from MainMenu import *
def missionMenu():
x = input("Type something else:")
mainMenu()
missionMenu()
The error says
NameError: name 'missionMenu' is not defined

look at this: Call a function from another file in Python
You are using import incorrectly. Yo don't need to add .py
from MissionMenu import missionMenu
def mainMenu():
x = input("Type Something:")
missionMenu()
mainMenu()
also, it's a bad idea in each file to import the other. kind of circular loop. Think which file really needs the other one. Probably they don't need to import each other

First of all you do not need a .py.
Suppose, If you have a file a.py and inside you have some functions:
def b():
# Something
return 1
def c():
# Something
return 2
And you want to import them in z.py you have to write
from a import b, c
Source and Details : Call a function from another file in Python

Two issues about your code:
Imports
To import a file called MainMenu.py:
import MainMenu
So do not use .py after that name.
Dependencies
You should keep your dependencies straight:
Do not import MissionMenu from MainMenu that imports MissionMenu
Just keep it simple ^^
Edit:
If you want to have multiple scripts that contain different menus,
just create a function in those scripts (they are called modules then).
Import them in your main application (don't import the main script in the module) and run the function from the main file.
Hope this is helpful ^^

Heroku Python import local functions

I'm developing a chatbot using heroku and python. I have a file fetchWelcome.py in which I have written a function. I need to import the function from fetchWelcome into my main file.
I wrote from fetchWelcome import fetchWelcome in main file. But because we need to mention all the dependencies in the requirement file, it shows error. I don't know how to mention user defined requirement.
How can I import the function from another file into the main file ? Both the files ( main.py and fetchWelcome.py ) are in the same folder.

You're quite close to the answer to the question. Importing works like this:
fetchWelcome.py:
def foo():
# Do something here
print("Hello World")
def bar():
# Do something else
print("Python")
main.py:
import fetchWelcome
fetchWelcome.foo()
fetchWelcome.bar()
If you only want to import a single function, use
from fetchWelcome import foo
foo()
Both files have to be in the same folder.

If we need to import function from fileName into main.py, write
from .fileName import functionName
Thus we don't need to write any dependency in requirement file.

How to set the libraries global for all the functions?

I have a main file from which I call some functions, for example:
import numpy as np
import sys
sys.path.insert(0, '/myFolder/')
from myFunction import myFun1, muFun2, myFun3
However when I run the function I received the following error
tmp = myFun1(x,y)
NameError: global name 'np' is not defined

You could kind of achieve what you want, but you'd have to bypass the normal import system in python and basically just "source" either the central import file or the function files.
a.py
def func():
np.something()
b.py
import numpy as np
execfile('/path/to/a.py')
func()
execfile allows you to basically take the contents of one python file and run them within the current python file, as if the functions had been declared in b.py.
You could also do the reverse -- put all your imports in a single file and then execfile that file at the top of all your other python files.
That being said, you probably shouldn't do this, but python is flexible enough to allow you to dig yourself into a hole if you want to.