Develop Reference

Taking Screenshot's using python using the Virtualbox API

I'm trying to take screenshots from my guest Virtualbox session using a python script running in the host. From the research I did the best way of doing this is accessing the VirtualBox API and using COM constants in order to make a screenshot. However, every time I try to run the script I get an attribute error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\computer_vision_scripts\take_screenshot.py", line 29, in <module>
take_screenshot('Windows 10 Pro')
File "D:\computer_vision_scripts\take_screenshot.py", line 16, in take_screenshot
machine.LockMachine(session, constants.LockType_Shared)
File "C:\Users\me\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python39\site-packages\win32com\client\__init__.py", line 180, in __getattr__
raise AttributeError(a)
AttributeError: LockType_Shared
The script I am using comes from https://floatingoctothorpe.uk/2018/automating-virtualbox-screenshots-with-python.html
And looks like this when seen in the file version:
import win32com.client
from win32com.client import constants
def take_screenshot(vm_name, screenshot_path='screenshot.png'):
"""Create a VM Screenshot for a given VM"""
vbox = win32com.client.Dispatch("VirtualBox.VirtualBox")
session = win32com.client.Dispatch("VirtualBox.Session")
machine = vbox.FindMachine(vm_name)
machine.LockMachine(session, constants.LockType_Shared)
display = session.Console.Display
width, height, _, _, _, _ = display.GetScreenResolution(0)
screenshot = display.TakeScreenShotToArray(0, width, height,
constants.BitmapFormat_PNG)
session.UnlockMachine()
with open(screenshot_path, 'wb') as output_png:
output_png.write(screenshot.tobytes())
if __name__ == '__main__':
take_screenshot('Windows 10 Pro')
Does anyone know what I should do in order to make it work?

I faced the same issue.
Solved it like this:
Add this:
import virtualbox
from virtualbox import library
Change
machine.LockMachine(session, constants.LockType_Shared)
by
machine.LockMachine(session, virtualbox.library.LockType.shared)
and
screenshot = display.TakeScreenShotToArray(0, width, height,constants.BitmapFormat_PNG)
by
screenshot = display.TakeScreenShotToArray(0, width, height, virtualbox.library.BitmapFormat.png)
Found this solution here:
https://github.com/sethmlarson/virtualbox-python/blob/master/tests/test_test_vm.py

Why is Django adding a typo when saving a file?

I am writing some test code for a project I am making with Django. The test code is such:
from django.test import TestCase, override_settings
from django.core.files import File
import sys
import os
from .models import Manual
#override_settings(MEDIA_ROOT=os.getcwd()+'/temp/django_test')
# Create your tests here.
class ManualModelTests(TestCase):
def tearDown(self):
try:
os.remove('/temp/django_test/test_image.jpg')
except FileNotFoundError:
pass
def test_normal_manual_upload(self):
in_image = open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'test_image.jpg'), 'r+b')
in_file = open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'test_manual.pdf'), 'r+b')
thumbnail = File(in_image)
in_manual = File(in_file)
new_manual = Manual.objects.create(
photo=thumbnail,
manual=in_manual,
make='yoshimura',
model='001',
year_min=2007,
year_max=2010
)
self.assertTrue(os.path.exists('/temp/django_test/photos/test_image.jpg'))
self.assertTrue(os.path.exists
('/temp/django_test/manuals/test_manual.pdf'))
self.tearDown()
The model code is such:
class Manual(models.Model):
photo = models.ImageField(upload_to="photos")
make = models.CharField(max_length=50)
model = models.CharField(max_length=100)
manual = models.FileField(upload_to="manuals")
year_min = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0)
year_max = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0)
The test code aims to create a Manual object (just testing to see if the model saves normally). Upon running the code however, after finishing the model constructor call, I get a crazy long error that comes after many calls of python's makdirs() function ends with
OSError: [WinError 123] The filename, directory name, or volume label syntax is incorrect: 'C:\\Users\\Jason\\Projects\\motomanuals\\temp\\django_test\\photos\\C:'
A full pastebin of the error can be found here
My guess is the problems stems from the path ending in '\\C:'?
My questions are:
Is my guess right. If not, then why am I getting this error?
Why is Django trying to add '\\C:\' to the file path and how do I fix this?

How do I store images in a python script using Tkinter?

I want to render an image in tkinter but I always end up with an error saying that the image (PieTalk.gif) could not be found even though the image is in the same directory as the python script (startupgui.py):
/Home/COMP3203/COMP30203-project/src/ptgui/
Here is the method where I want to render an image in a GUI. The following code is a class called startupgui.py. It consists of a constructor and a method to load the image
Constructor:
def __init__(self):
# String to decide whether to go to client or server
self.trigger = None
#-----------------------#
# Creating window frame #
#-----------------------#
self.root = Tk()
self.root.wm_title("PieTalk")
self.root.geometry('600x450')
# creating PieTalk image
self.createimage()
# creating buttons
self.createbuttons()
Method to load image:
def createimage(self):
# Creating image frame
self.imageframe = Frame(self.root, bg='light grey')
self.imageframe.place(relx=0.1, relwidth=0.8, rely=0.05, relheight=0.65)
# Creating PieTalk image
self.pietalkimage=PhotoImage(file="PieTalk.gif")
# Creating label
self.imagelabel = Label(self.imageframe, image=pietalkimage)
self.imagelabel.image = self.pietalkimage
self.imagelabel.pack()
I have used the file name only:
self.pietalkimage=PhotoImage(file="PieTalk.gif")
And I have also used the absolute path to the file:
self.pietalkimage=PhotoImage(file="/Home/COMP3203/COMP30203-project/src/ptgui/PieTalk.gif")
Unfortunately, I keep on getting the same error when I execute the script:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "pietalk.py", line 361, in <module>
startview=sgui.startupgui()
File "/home/archit/COMP3203/COMP3203-project/src/ptgui/startupgui.py", line 66, in __init__
self.createimage()
File "/home/archit/COMP3203/COMP3203-project/src/ptgui/startupgui.py", line 33, in createimage
self.pietalkimage=PhotoImage(file="/Home/COMP3203/COMP30203-project/src/ptgui/PieTalk.gif")
File "/usr/lib/python3.4/tkinter/__init__.py", line 3387, in __init__
Image.__init__(self, 'photo', name, cnf, master, **kw)
File "/usr/lib/python3.4/tkinter/__init__.py", line 3343, in __init__
self.tk.call(('image', 'create', imgtype, name,) + options)
_tkinter.TclError: couldn't open "/Home/COMP3203/COMP30203-project/src/ptgui/PieTalk.gif": no such file or directory
Is there something else that I am doing wrong when I am loading the image? What else can I do to load an image?

first convert it to base64 python variable
>>> import base64
>>> with open("my_image.py","w") as f:
... f.write('my_image="""%s"""'%base64.b64encode(open("my_gif.gif","rb").read()))
...
>>> exit()
you should now have the my_image.py file there ... copy that to the same directory as your tkinter script... an now you can do
from my_image import my_image
image=PhotoImage(data = my_image)
since you are having some problems lets try and simplify it a little bit
img2base64.py
import base64,sys,os,re
assert len(sys.argv) > 2,"Error: Useage %s /path/to/image.gif outfile.py"
assert os.path.exists(sys.argv[1]),"Error Unable to find image passed in as first argument"
outfile = open(sys.argv[2],"w")
raw_binary_data = open(sys.argv[1],"rb").read()
b64_encoded_data = base64.b64encode(raw_binary_data)
varname = re.sub("[^W]","_",os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(sys.argv[1]))[0])
pyname = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(sys.argv[2]))[0]
outfile.write("%s='''%s'''"%(varname,b64_encoded_data))
outfile.close()
print "all done please put %s in your script directory and use it as follows:"%sys.argv[2]
print "from %s import %s"%(pyname,varname)
print "image=PhotoImage(data = %s)"%(varname)
just save that and then call it
$ python img2base64.py /path/to/image.gif pyimage.py
I think at least I didnt try it ...

Inspired by previous answer:
import base64
from pathlib import Path
import sys
src = Path(sys.argv[1])
dst = src.with_suffix(".py")
with dst.open("w") as f:
data = base64.b64encode(src.read_bytes()).decode('utf-8')
f.write(f'image="{data}"')
exit()
and I tested it ;-)

Runtime error:App registry isn't ready yet

I am trying to create a script that populates a database with test users. I am new to Django and Python. I keep on getting:
Runtime error: App registry isn't ready yet.
Here is the output and error:
starting population script
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "populate.py", line 32, in <module>
populate()
File "populate.py", line 22, in populate
i.save()
File "c:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django-1.7a2-py2.7.egg\django\db\models\base.py", line 603, in save
force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields)
...
...
...
File "c:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django-1.7a2-py2.7.egg\django\apps\registry.py", line 156, in get_models
self.check_ready()
File "c:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django-1.7a2-py2.7.egg\django\apps\registry.py", line 119, in check_ready
raise RuntimeError("App registry isn't ready yet.")
RuntimeError: App registry isn't ready yet.
Here is the code:
import os
import datetime
def populate():
freer = User.objects.create_user( 'joyyie', 'lolcats#gmail.com', 'e')
cat = User.objects.create_user( 'steve', 'l2olcats#gmail.com', 'e')
dog = User.objects.create_user( 'aasd', 'lo3lcats#gmail.com', 'ad')
cow = User.objects.create_user( 'sadsfa', 'lol4cats#gmail.com', 't' )
pig = User.objects.create_user( 'regibald', 'lolc5ats#gmail.com', '0')
donkey = User.objects.create_user( 'turnip', 'lolca6ts#gmail.com', 'pop')
human = User.objects.create_user( 'tutu', 'lolcat7s#gmail.com', 'pa')
a = [freer,cat,dog,cow,pig,donkey,human]
for i in a:
i.first_name= 'jackee'
i.is_superuser=True
i.is_staff=False
i.date_joined=datetime.datetime.today()
i.last_login=datetime.datetime.today()
i.save()
if __name__=='__main__':
print "starting population script"
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'infosmos.settings')
from django.conf import settings
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
populate()
Is there a way to force the user profile creation to wait for the registry app by using a signal or something?

[django 1.7] The Standalone script you wish to run, import django and settings like below
import os
import django
[...]
if __name__ == '__main__':
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'myproject.settings')
django.setup()

This is a known and intended behaviour according to Django's 1.7 release notes, under the "startup sequence" clause:
Another common culprit is django.contrib.auth.get_user_model(). Use the AUTH_USER_MODEL setting to reference the User model at import time.
and that should do the trick
for reference:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/releases/1.7/#app-loading-changes

I found out that if I run populate through the manage.py shell with the execfile() command then it runs properly. Everything needed to be setup before I start modifying the database or run outside code. Thanks to lanzz for the hint.

django error ,about django-sphinx

from django.db import models
from djangosphinx.models import SphinxSearch
class MyModel(models.Model):
search = SphinxSearch() # optional: defaults to db_table
# If your index name does not match MyModel._meta.db_table
# Note: You can only generate automatic configurations from the ./manage.py script
# if your index name matches.
search = SphinxSearch('index_name')
# Or maybe we want to be more.. specific
searchdelta = SphinxSearch(
index='index_name delta_name',
weights={
'name': 100,
'description': 10,
'tags': 80,
},
mode='SPH_MATCH_ALL',
rankmode='SPH_RANK_NONE',
)
queryset = MyModel.search.query('query')
results1 = queryset.order_by('#weight', '#id', 'my_attribute')
results2 = queryset.filter(my_attribute=5)
results3 = queryset.filter(my_other_attribute=[5, 3,4])
results4 = queryset.exclude(my_attribute=5)[0:10]
results5 = queryset.count()
# as of 2.0 you can now access an attribute to get the weight and similar arguments
for result in results1:
print result, result._sphinx
# you can also access a similar set of meta data on the queryset itself (once it's been sliced or executed in any way)
print results1._sphinx
and
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\zjm_code\sphinx_test\models.py", line 1, in <module>
from django.db import models
File "D:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\django\db\__init__.py", line 10, in <module>
if not settings.DATABASE_ENGINE:
File "D:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\django\utils\functional.py", line 269, in __getattr__
self._setup()
File "D:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 38, in _setup
raise ImportError("Settings cannot be imported, because environment variable %s is undefined." % ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE)
ImportError: Settings cannot be imported, because environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE is undefined.

I know what the problem is :)
You are trying to run this script as stand-alone. But since you use django models. all of them have to be imported in your namespace. This is what is the error. It clearly days ImportError.
To solve - go to your django-project directory & then type python manage.py shell. This imports all Django-env files. Now import your models & try out the search.

The error is about the environment. Django cannot find your settings file; Are you doing
python manage.py runserver
itself, or something else?