I am attempting to generate a URL link in the following format using urllib and urlencode.
<img src=page.psp?KEY=%28SpecA%2CSpecB%29&VALUE=1&KEY=%28SpecA%2C%28SpecB%2CSpecC%29%29&VALUE=2>
I'm trying to use data from my dictionary to input into the urllib.urlencode() function however, I need to get it into a format where the keys and values have a variable name, like below. So the keys from my dictionary will = NODE and values will = VALUE.
wanted = urllib.urlencode( [("KEY",v1),("VALUE",v2)] )
req.write( "<a href=page.psp?%s>" % (s) );
The problem I am having is that I want the URL as above and instead I am getting what is below, rather than KEY=(SpecA,SpecB) NODE=1, KEY=(SpecA,SpecB,SpecC) NODE=2 which is what I want.
KEY=%28SpecA%2CSpecB%29%2C%28%28SpecA%2CSpecB%29%2CSpecC%29&VALUE=1%2C2
So far I have extracted keys and values from the dictionary, extracted into tuples, lists, strings and also tried dict.items() but it hasn't helped much as I still can't get it to go into the format I want. Also I am doing this using Python server pages which is why I keep having to print things as a string due to constant string errors. This is part of what I have so far:
k = (str(dict))
ver1 = dict.keys()
ver2 = dict.values()
new = urllib.urlencode(function)
f = urllib.urlopen("page.psp?%s" % new)
I am wondering what I need to change in terms of extracting values from the dictionary/converting them to different formats in order to get the output I want? Any help would be appreciated and I can add more of my code (as messy as it has become) if need be. Thanks.
This should give you the format you want:
data = {
'(SpecA,SpecB)': 1,
'(SpecA,SpecB,SpecC)': 2,
}
params = []
for k,v in data.iteritems():
params.append(('KEY', k))
params.append(('VALUE', v))
new = urllib.urlencode(params)
Note that the KEY/VALUE pairings may not be the order you want, given that dicts are unordered.
Related
I have difficulties to generate a dictionary that contains identical keys. The actual code:
source = []
key = []
for foto in fotos.split(','):
source.append(str(foto))
key.append("source")
dictA = dict(zip(key, source))
pprint(dictA)
The output:
{'source': 'https://www.example.com/fma600/9364f794ed4e5cfc3ba9416ef4ebe065.jpg'}
But I need this dict output:
"pictures":[
{"source":"http://yourServer/path/to/your/picture.jpg"},
{"source":"http://yourServer/path/to/your/otherPicture.gif"},
{"source":"http://yourServer/path/to/your/anotherPicture.png"}
]
The problem is: the API needs to duplicate pictures using the same key "source". When I use dict, its not possible to duplicate and create another key with the same name.
You must use a list containing dict.
Reference URL: In Python, when to use a Dictionary, List or Set?
Please see following code.
dictA = []
for foto in fotos.split(','):
dictA.append({
'source':str(foto),
})
print(dictA)
For this specific case, unfortunatly python does not accept duplicate keys for dictionaries.. A possible workaround for the given problem, is to instead using dictionary, try using lists.
For example: listA = list(zip(key, source))
So the output should be something like:
"pictures":[
["source", "http://yourServer/path/to/your/picture.jpg"],
["source", "http://yourServer/path/to/your/otherPicture.gif"],
["source", "http://yourServer/path/to/your/anotherPicture.png"]
]
Those strings could be easily accessed by using the index [0] for the source string, and [1] for the link string.
I would like to create an Alexa skill using Python to use data uploaded by sensors to Thingspeak. The cases where I only use one specific value is quite easy, the response from Thingspeak is the value only. When I want to use several values, in my case to sum up the athmospheric pressure to determine tendencies, teh response is a json object like this:
{"channel":{"id":293367,"name":"Weather Station","description":"My first attempt to build a weather station based on an ESP8266 and some common sensors.","latitude":"51.473509","longitude":"7.355569","field1":"humidity","field2":"pressure","field3":"lux","field4":"rssi","field5":"temp","field6":"uv","field7":"voltage","field8":"radiation","created_at":"2017-06-25T07:35:37Z","updated_at":"2018-08-04T12:11:22Z","elevation":"121","last_entry_id":1812},"feeds":
[{"created_at":"2018-10-21T18:11:45Z","entry_id":1713,"field2":"1025.62"},
{"created_at":"2018-10-21T18:12:05Z","entry_id":1714,"field2":"1025.58"},
{"created_at":"2018-10-21T18:12:25Z","entry_id":1715,"field2":"1025.56"},
{"created_at":"2018-10-21T18:12:45Z","entry_id":1716,"field2":"1025.65"},
{"created_at":"2018-10-21T18:13:05Z","entry_id":1717,"field2":"1025.58"},
{"created_at":"2018-10-21T18:13:25Z","entry_id":1718,"field2":"1025.63"}]
I now started with
f = urllib.urlopen(link) # Get your data
json_object = json.load(f)
for entry in json_object[0]
print entry["field2"]
The json object is a bit recursive, it is a list containing a list with an element with an array as the value.
Now I am not quite sure how to iterate over the values of the key "field2" in the array. I am quite new to Python and also json. Perhaps anyone can help me out?
Thanks in advance!
This has nothing to do with json - once the json string parsed by json.load(), what you get is a plain python object (usually a dict, sometimes a list, rarely - but this would be legal - a string, int, float, boolean or None).
it is a list containing a list with an element with an array as the value.
Actually it's a dict with two keys "channel" and "feeds". The first one has another dict for value, and the second a list of dicts. How to use dicts and lists is extensively documented FWIW
https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#dictionaries
https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#mapping-types-dict
https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#lists
https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#sequence-types-list-tuple-range
Here the values you're looking for are stored under the "field2" keys of the dicts in the "feeds" key, so what you want is:
# get the list stored under the "feeds" key
feeds = json_object["feeds"]
# iterate over the list:
for feed in feeds:
# get the value for the "field2" key
print feed["field2"]
You have a dictionary. Use key to access the value
Ex:
json_object = {"channel":{"id":293367,"name":"Weather Station","description":"My first attempt to build a weather station based on an ESP8266 and some common sensors.","latitude":"51.473509","longitude":"7.355569","field1":"humidity","field2":"pressure","field3":"lux","field4":"rssi","field5":"temp","field6":"uv","field7":"voltage","field8":"radiation","created_at":"2017-06-25T07:35:37Z","updated_at":"2018-08-04T12:11:22Z","elevation":"121","last_entry_id":1812},"feeds":
[{"created_at":"2018-10-21T18:11:45Z","entry_id":1713,"field2":"1025.62"},
{"created_at":"2018-10-21T18:12:05Z","entry_id":1714,"field2":"1025.58"},
{"created_at":"2018-10-21T18:12:25Z","entry_id":1715,"field2":"1025.56"},
{"created_at":"2018-10-21T18:12:45Z","entry_id":1716,"field2":"1025.65"},
{"created_at":"2018-10-21T18:13:05Z","entry_id":1717,"field2":"1025.58"},
{"created_at":"2018-10-21T18:13:25Z","entry_id":1718,"field2":"1025.63"}]}
for entry in json_object["feeds"]:
print entry["field2"]
Output:
1025.62
1025.58
1025.56
1025.65
1025.58
1025.63
I just figured it out, it was just like expected.
You have to get the entries array from the dict and than iterate over the list of items and print the value to the key field2.
# Get entries from the response
entries = json_object["feeds"]
# Iterate through each measurement and print value
for entry in entries:
print entry['field2']
The API here: https://api.bitfinex.com/v2/tickers?symbols=ALL
does not have any labels and I want to extract all of the tBTCUSD, tLTCUSD etc.. Basically everything without numbers. Normally, i would extract this information if they are labeled so i can do something like:
data['name']
or something like that however this API does not have labels.. how can i get this info with python?
You can do it like this:
import requests
j = requests.get('https://api.bitfinex.com/v2/tickers?symbols=ALL').json()
mydict = {}
for i in j:
mydict[i[0]] = i[1:]
Or using dictionary comprehension:
mydict = {i[0]: i[1:] for i in j}
Then access it as:
mydict['tZRXETH']
I don't have access to Python right now, but it looks like they're organized in a superarray of several subarrays.
You should be able to extract everything (the superarray) as data, and then do a:
for array in data:
print array[0]
Not sure if this answers your question. Let me know!
Even if it doesn't have labels (or, more specifically, if it's not a JSON object) it's still a perfectly legal piece of JSON, since it's just some arrays contained within a parent array.
Assuming you can already get the text from the api, you can load it as a Python object using json.loads:
import json
data = json.loads(your_data_as_string)
Then, since the labels you want to extract are always in the first position of the arrays, you can store them in a list using a list comprehension:
labels = [x[0] for x in data]
labels will be:
['tBTCUSD', 'tLTCUSD', 'tLTCBTC', 'tETHUSD', 'tETHBTC', 'tETCBTC', ...]
in my current project i generate a list of data, each entry is from a key in redis in a special DB where only one type of key exist.
r = redis.StrictRedis(host=settings.REDIS_AD, port=settings.REDIS_PORT, db='14')
item_list = []
keys = r.keys('*')
for key in keys:
item = r.hgetall(key)
item_list.append(item)
newlist = sorted(item_list, key=operator.itemgetter('Id'))
The code above let me retrieve the data, create a list of dict each containing the information of an entry, problem is i would like to be able to sort them by ID, so they come out in order when displayed on my html tab in the template, but the sorted function doesn't seem to work since the table isn't sorted.
Any idea why the sorted line doesn't work ? i suppose i'm missing something to make it work but i can't find what.
EDIT :
Thanks to the answer in the comments,the problem was that my 'Id' come out of redis as a string and needed to be casted as int to be sorted
key=lambda d: int(d['Id'])
All values returned from redis are apparently strings and strings do not sort numerically ("10" < "2" == True).
Therefore you need to cast it to a numerical value, probably to int (since they seem to be IDs):
newlist = sorted(item_list, key=lambda d: int(d['Id']))
I am trying to convert a piece of python code to R. In python, a dictionary within a dictionary is used. So I am trying to utilise the hash package in R,
Python code:
titles = {
'NAME' :{
'exact':['NAME']
,'partial':[]
}
, 'Dt' :{
'exact':['Dt']
,'partial':[]
}
, 'CC' :{
'exact':[]
,'partial':[]
}
}
And the R code is,
library(hash)
titles = hash(("NAME" = list("exact"=list('NAME'),"partial"=list())),
("Dt" = list("exact"=list('Dt'),"partial"=list())),
("CC" = list("exact"=list(),"partial"=list())))
But when i try use this code with hash environment, I am getting this below error.
Error in as.vector(x, "character") :
cannot coerce type 'closure' to vector of type 'character'
When I try to replace hash with list, its working fine. But, I am using key/value pair(hash package) mainly because I have to play around with inner dictionary, I mean change the inner dictionary values based on the outer dictionary keys. Any idea why I am getting this error or any alternative approach.
Updating below to make the question still more clear.
To explain it further, I am creating it as key/value pairs(hash package) mainly because I am going to use the below logic on the dictionaries which heavily use key/value pairs. I am not sure if this can be easily done in R list without key/value pairs.
another_dict = {}
multiples_dict = {}
adj_title = 'Dt'
for outer_key,outer_value in titles.iteritems():
for exact in outer_value['exact']:
if exact == adj_title:
another_dict[actual_title] = outer_key
multiples_dict[outer_key] = multiples
for partial in inner_dict['partial']:
if partial in adj_title:
another_dict[actual_title] = outer_key
multiples_dict[outer_key] = multiples
Thanks in advance.
you need to get rid of the parens surrounding each of the key/value pairs as in:
library(hash)
titles = hash("NAME" = list("exact"=list('NAME'),"partial"=list()),
"Dt" = list("exact"=list('Dt'),"partial"=list()),
"CC" = list("exact"=list(),"partial"=list()))
When you include the parens hash( (a=b) ), the object (a=b) is being passed as an expression and not a key/value pair