Develop Reference

How do I use tklib widgets in tkinter?

I was looking for an IP address entry widget for tkinter for use with python3.7 and came across ipentry in the tklib.
https://core.tcl-lang.org/tklib/doc/trunk/embedded/www/tklib/files/modules/ipentry/ipentry.html#section2
This is not a terribly complicated need to 'recreate the wheel' for and there are several examples on stackoverflow for IP entry boxes but I'd really like to understand how to use the modules and widgets in the tklib with tkinter. Documentation or examples appear to be few and far between. Here's how far I've gotten:
First of all, I have to tell Python that this widget exists.
import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()
root.tk.call(‘package’,’require’,’ipentry’)
Then I created a class for the widget.
class iPentry(tk.Widget):
def __init__(self, master):
tk.Widget.__init__(self, master, '::ipentry::ipentry’)
Then I create an instance of it and pack it in my window.
enterIp = iPentry(root)
enterIp.pack()
So far so good. I get a window with a familiar looking input box for an IPV4 address.
The problem is that I haven't figured out how to use the get or complete or insert widget commands. When I try to get from the enterIp widget that I created, I get an error.
myip = enterIp.get()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'iPentry' object has no attribute 'get'
I suspect that I'm missing some syntax concepts. Any suggestions for how to do this?

You need to define get() function in your wrapper class iPentry:
def get(self):
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'get')
Actually you need to define every functions that ipentry provides like above if you want to call them.

Thanks to acw1668 I was able to work through some bone headed mistakes and figure this out a bit. Here is some sample code for someone else who might like to work with these in Python. They are pretty limited and I found a few things that didn't work even though they are documented on the lib page. But they might be useful for some situations. The rdial in particular was surprising because it is visually a "thumbwheel" rather than a typical round dial. I have included a screenshot of what some of these look like in Macos.
This code displays an iPentry with a label below that will populate with the address when you press enter. Then there is a bank of 3 sliders whose values will show in a label below. Then an rdial whose value shows in a label below and finally a "voltmeter" that bounces around based on a random number. Enjoy.
# This Python file uses the following encoding: utf-8
# Python 3.7 and Tk version 8.6
import sys
import tkinter as tk
import random
class iPentry(tk.Widget):
def __init__(self, master):
tk.Widget.__init__(self, master, '::ipentry::ipentry')
def get(self):
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'get')
def complete(self):
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'complete')
class CWslider(tk.Widget):
def __init__(self, master, placeholder):
tk.Widget.__init__(self, master, '::controlwidget::slider',
{'variable':placeholder, 'from_':0, 'to':20, 'number':3,
'width':55, 'background':'yellow'})
def get(self):
getvalue = self.tk.call(self._w, 'get')
getvalue = [int(x) for x in getvalue]
return getvalue
def set(self, value):
self.tk.call(self._w, 'set', value)
def complete(self):
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'complete')
class CWrdial(tk.Widget):
def __init__(self, master):
tk.Widget.__init__(self, master, '::controlwidget::rdial',
{'width':50, 'orient':'vertical', 'height':100, 'background':'green'})
def get(self):
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'get')
def complete(self):
return self.tk.call(self._w, 'complete')
class CWvoltmeter(tk.Widget):
def __init__(self, master, variable):
tk.Widget.__init__(self, master, '::controlwidget::voltmeter',
{'min':0, 'max':100, 'variable':variable})
def getIP(event):
myip = enterIp.get()
labelvar.set(myip)
print(f"myip is {myip}")
def updating(master, myValuesvar, myvoltvar, interval):
#we can't get value from placeholder because slider corrupts the IntVar?
slidervalues = slider.get() #so we use the get method
myValuesvar.set(slidervalues)
mydialvalue.set(mydial.get())
myvoltvar.set( random.randrange(0, 100, 1))
root.after(interval, updating, root, myValuesvar, myvoltvar, interval)
root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("300x550+280+0")
root.tk.call('package','require','ipentry')
root.tk.call('package','require','controlwidget')
enterIp = iPentry(root)
enterIp.pack()
labelIP = tk.Label(root, text="Show The IP")
labelIP.pack()
labelvar = tk.StringVar()
label2 = tk.Label(root, textvariable=labelvar)
label2.pack()
root.bind('<Return>', getIP)
myvalues = [5,15,3]
myValuesvar = tk.IntVar()
placeholder = tk.IntVar() #necessary for slider to change values
slider = CWslider(root, placeholder)
slider.pack()
slider.set(myvalues)
labelSlider = tk.Label(root, textvariable=myValuesvar)
labelSlider.pack()
mydialvalue = tk.StringVar()
mydial = CWrdial(root)
mydial.pack()
labeldial = tk.Label(root, textvariable=mydialvalue)
labeldial.pack()
myvoltvar = tk.IntVar()
myvolt = CWvoltmeter(root, myvoltvar)
myvolt.pack()
interval = 300 #milliseconds for GUI
updating(root, myValuesvar, myvoltvar, interval)
root.mainloop()
sys.exit()

How Do I assign a function to a button in Python/TKinter?

I am fairly new to TKinter and have been trying to convert my normal Python code into a GUI (TKinter Code)! I have been working on this code and so far, I have got the basic layout made but I am having problems coding buttons and using entries. You will most likely find a lot of errors in my code so be warned! :D
I have got an entry at the top of the window and I want the user to input a number into the entry and then I want to use the text inputted in the entry in some code (btn1()). I also want the user to press a button and then the button to run some code with labels underneath where the buttons are showing the results of the code (the labels in the btn1() function).
First, I want the user to input a number into the entry. Then, I want the user to click on a button which is underneath the entry. Finally, I want the results of the code behind the button, to be show underneath the buttons (in labels!).
Here is my code:
from tkinter import *
class window_design:
def __init__(self):
root=Tk()
root.title("Bag Weight")
root.geometry("500x700")
root.wm_iconbitmap('favicon.ico')
image=PhotoImage(file="Weight Program.png")
imagelabel=Label(root,image=image)
imagelabel.pack()
weightentrylabel=Label(root,text="Enter Weight!")
weightentrylabel.pack()
self.string=StringVar()
weightentry=Entry(root,textvariable=self.string)
weightentry.pack()
menutext=Label(root,text="What coin are you using?")
menutext.pack(side=LEFT)
values=['1p','2p','5p','10p','20p','50p','£1','£2','Exit']
def btn1(self,btn1code):
p1=3.56
p1should=356
if (self.string.get()) > p1should:
weightdif=(self.string.get())-p1should
coins=weightdif/p1
labeldif=Label(text=weightdif)
labelcoins=Label(text=coins)
elif (self.string.get()) < p1should:
weightdif=p1should-(self.string.get())
coins=weightdif/p1
labeldif=Label(text=weightdif)
labelcoins=Label(text=coins)
button1=Button(root,text="1p",command=btn1)
button1.pack(side=LEFT)
root.mainloop()
window_design()
I am currently getting this error:
Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\cjay2\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1549, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
TypeError: btn1() missing 2 required positional arguments: 'self' and 'btn1code'

You should use self.btn1 ( btn1 is a class method) in button1=Button(root,text="1p",command=btn1).
btn1() is called with one argument and it needs two arguments, set a default value to btn1code or removeit (if you do not use it).
When you call get() method on StringVar() it will return a string so you need to convert before comparing with integers.
To show result in label use a self.result = StringVar() then call self.result.set(a_string).
Check the following code:
from tkinter import *
class window_design:
def __init__(self):
root=Tk()
root.title("Bag Weight")
#root.geometry("500x700")
root.wm_iconbitmap('favicon.ico')
image=PhotoImage(file="Weight Program.png")
imagelabel=Label(root,image=image)
imagelabel.pack()
weightentrylabel=Label(root,text="Enter Weight!")
weightentrylabel.pack()
self.string=StringVar()
weightentry=Entry(root,textvariable=self.string)
weightentry.pack()
menutext=Label(root,text="What coin are you using?")
#menutext.pack(side=LEFT)
menutext.pack()
values=['1p','2p','5p','10p','20p','50p','£1','£2','Exit']
button1=Button(root,text="1p",command=self.btn1)
#button1.pack(side=LEFT)
button1.pack()
#--------------------------------------------------
self.result=StringVar()
resultlabel=Label(root, textvariable = self.result)
resultlabel.pack()
#--------------------------------------------------
root.mainloop()
#-------------------------------------
def btn1(self):
p1=3.56
p1should=356
if not self.string.get(): return
value = int(self.string.get())
if value > p1should:
weightdif = value - p1should
coins=weightdif/p1
elif value < p1should:
weightdif=p1should - value
coins=weightdif/p1
self.result.set(coins)
#-----------------------------------
window_design()

You defined btn1() as needing an argument besides self, but Tkinter is calling it without one. It looks like you are not even using btn1code, so you can change your function definition to def btn1(self):

you can declare btn1code as member variable,and remove it from your function definition, or if you want call function with arguments from the Button; use lambda function like this :
button1=Button(root,text="1p",command=lambda: btn1(btn1code))

Tkinter error - Tuple index out of range

This program is supposed to put a sprite on the canvas for the user to control using the left and right arrow keys, but I keep getting a Tuple index out of range error, and I do not have any tuples in my program. I know that I properly imported the picture, so its probably something to do with the key pressing event.
#4/22/15
#Test game, user controlled sprite
import random
from Tkinter import *
import Tkinter
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
root = Tk()
root.geometry('700x600')
canvas = Canvas(root,width=700,height=600,bg='white')
canvas.place(x=0,y=0)
class Character_sprite(object):
'''Creates the users sprite and handles the events'''
def __init__(self):
self.im = Image.open('grey_mario_mushroom_sprite.png')
self.tkimage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.im)
self.char_sprite = canvas.create_image(image=self.tkimage)
def moveLeft(event):
'''Handles the left arrow key press event, moves char_sprite to the left'''
canvas.move(self.char_sprite,-20,0)
canvas.update()
def moveRight(event):
'''Handles the right arrow key press event, moves the char_sprite to the right'''
canvas.move(self.char_sprite,20,0)
canvas.update()
root.bind('<Left>', Character_sprite.moveLeft)
root.bind('<Right>', Character_sprite.moveRight)
Character_sprite()
root.mainloop()
This is the error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Calvin\Documents\Python Programs\Test_game_example.py", line 57, in <module>
Character_sprite()
File "C:\Users\Calvin\Documents\Python Programs\Test_game_example.py", line 36, in __init__
self.char_sprite = canvas.create_image(image=self.tkimage)
File "C:\Python27\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 2310, in create_image
return self._create('image', args, kw)
File "C:\Python27\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 2294, in _create
cnf = args[-1]
IndexError: tuple index out of range
Please help!

The problem is that create_image requires a position. Like this:
self.char_sprite = canvas.create_image((0, 0), image=self.tkimage)
If Tkinter had been defined in a more friendly way, you'd get a friendlier error message:
>>> def create_image(position, **options):
... pass
>>> create_image(image=0)
TypeError: create_image() takes exactly 1 argument (0 given)
Unfortunately, Tkinter is often a bit complicated under the covers, so it's defined more like this:
>>> def create_image(*args, **options):
... position = args[-1]
... pass
So, you get a less useful error message. The *args ends up as an empty tuple, so that position = args[-1] raises an IndexError. And of course the variable isn't even called position, but cnf, which doesn't help you understand the problem.
But it's the same problem. You forgot to pass the position argument.

Global variable is not defined

I'm trying to read a file with python, by posting the address in input line. In my plan, when I press the button, program will read the file, make all needed work with the text inside the first file, and write the result into a second one:
import Tkinter
class Generator(Tkinter.Tk):
def __init__(self,parent):
Tkinter.Tk.__init__(self,parent)
self.parent=parent
self.initialize()
def initialize(self):
self.grid()
self.addressLink = Tkinter.StringVar()
self.entry=Tkinter.Entry(self,textvariable=self.addressLink)
self.entry.grid(column=0,row=0,sticky='EW')
self.entry.bind("<Return>", self.OnPressEnter)
self.entry.bind(".", self.OnPressDot) # verify that address was accepted
self.addressLink.set(u"Enter your input file's address here!")
button=Tkinter.Button(self,text=u'Generate the list!',command=self.OnButtonClick)
button.grid(column=1,row=0)
self.labelVariable = Tkinter.StringVar()
label = Tkinter.Label(self, textvariable=self.labelVariable,
anchor="w",fg="white",bg="blue")
label.grid(column=0,row=1,columnspan=2,sticky='EW')
self.labelVariable.set(u"Enter Address !")
self.grid_columnconfigure(0,weight=1)
self.resizable(True,False)
def ProgramBody(readlink):
excelWrite=open('/Users/BUR/Desktop/final_TK.txt','w')
z=0
for index, line in enumerate(readlink, start=0):
keywrds=[]
title=line.split("+")
title=[lines.strip()for lines in title]
print title[0]
print index
header="Title"+"\t"+"Price equal to title:"+"\t"+"keyword1"+"\t"+"keyword2"+" \t"+"keyword3"+"\t"+"keyword4"+"\t"+"keyword5\t"+"Manufacturer Part Number\n"
exclWrt(header)
excelWrite.close()
def FileRead(tsink):
excelRead=open(tsink,'r')
print tsink
ProgramBody(tsink)
def OnButtonClick(self):
link=(self.addressLink.get())
# print link
self.labelVariable.set(link+" (Here is your button press!) ")
FileRead(link)
def OnPressEnter(self,event):
self.labelVariable.set(self.addressLink.get()+" (Here is your address!)")
def OnPressDot(self,event):
self.labelVariable.set(self.addressLink.get()+" (Here is your address!!!)")
if __name__=="__main__":
app=Generator(None)
app.title('Converter')
app.mainloop()
#excelRead=open('/Users/BUR/Desktop/listings/data.txt','r')
def exclWrt(typo):
excelWrite.write(typo)
Program runs, but when I press button it gives me:
> Exception in Tkinter callback Traceback (most recent call last):
> File
> "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.py",
> line 1470, in __call__
> return self.func(*args) File "/Users/BUR/Documents/Python/Temp+price+keyw.1", line 114, in
> OnButtonClick
> FileRead(link) NameError: global name 'FileRead' is not defined
What did I miss?

You're using a class. First, you'll have an instance of the class passed to every function. Usually it's named self:
class A:
def something(self, my_arguments)
And, to call something from the class, you do this:
def something_else(self, another_arguments):
self.something(another_arguments)
The first argument will automatically be passed. Also, __init__ is called when you create an instance of your class, so you have no need of a separate initialize function.
I suggest you read more about classes here. This is just a very short solution for your problem.

array not saving input

hey back again with the same code, well edited so it works better. anyway trying to add the button input into the array and that works. what doesn't work is the fact every time i call the function do() the values reset due to them being local. i tried to fix this by making it global(within the class) using the self.store array. this didn't seem to fix the problem so if someone could help would be much appreciated here is the relevant code
def __init__(self,master):#is the master for the button widgets
self.count=0
self.store=["0"]
frame=Frame(master)
frame.pack()
self.addition = Button(frame, text="+", command=self.add)#when clicked sends a call back for a +
self.addition.pack()
self.subtraction = Button(frame, text="-", command=self.sub)#when clicked sends a call back for a -
self.subtraction.pack()
self.equate = Button(frame, text="=", command=self.equate)#when clicked sends a call back for a =
self.equate.pack()
self.one = Button(frame, text="1", command=self.one)#when clicked sends a call back for a -
self.one.pack()
def add(self):
self.do("+")
self.count=self.count+1
def sub(self):
self.do("-")
self.count=self.count+1
def equate(self):
self.do("=")
def one(self):
self.do("1")
self.count=self.count+1
def do(self, X):#will hopefully colaborate all of the inputs
cont, num = True, 0
strstore="3 + 8"#temporarily used to make sure the calculating works
self.store=["2","1","+","2","3","4"]#holds the numbers used to calculate.
for num in range(1):
if X == "=":
cont = False
self.store[self.count]=X
print(self.store[self.count])
print(self.store[:])#test code
if cont == False:
print(self.eval_binary_expr(*(strstore.split())))

self.store=["2","1","+","2","3","4"]
If you initialize it this way in the do function, self.store will be reset to ["2","1","+","2","3","4"] every time you call do(X)
Initialize it outside of the do function if you don't want it to be overwritten.
But if you want to add a value to a list, use append(), extend, or += operator:
self.store+=["2","1","+","2","3","4"]
(if you want it to be done only once, do it in the constructor, __init__ function!)
also,
self.store[self.count]=X
If you try to append to the END of the list self.store, you should just do:
self.store.append(X)
This way, you won't need to count anything, with the risk of forgetting an incrementation and replacing a value by X instead of appending X.
As said above, range(1), it's 0...
Let's do it another way:
def do(self, X):
cont, num = True, 0
liststore=['3', '+', '8']#splitting your string.
#initialize str.store elsewhere!
if X == "=":
cont = False
self.store.append("X")
print(self.store[-1])#getting the last
print(self.store)#the same as self.store[:]
if cont == False:
print(self.eval_binary_expr(*(liststore)))
Simpler, and probably better.
Last thing: in Python, you are usually working with lists (like self.store), not arrays (which come from the module array)