I am currently scraping website https://glasschain.org (to be precise let's focus on example - https://glasschain.org/btc/wallet/100478015). There is a tab named 'Addresses', when I want to go to the X-th page (in this example equals 5 000) from available over 12 000 (to parallel some operations and not do it iteratively). To do it manually, I need to click on ... button and write a number and click ENTER. I use Python and selenium library to do it automatically and I have managed with clicking the button but I can't send a value to a field which appears after my click (in source code of website after clicking to button there is no new input field where I can send that value so I have tried to send it to the only existing element - earlier clicked button). Can anyone help me with that ? :)
My code:
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("--start-maximized")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(path, options=chrome_options)
driver.get('https://glasschain.org/btc/wallet/100478015')
time.sleep(5)
adr_button = driver.find_elements_by_id('tab-Addresses')[1]
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", adr_button)
time.sleep(5)
dots_button = driver.find_elements_by_class_name('ellipse')[0]
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", dots_button)
dots_button.send_keys(5000)
My error:
selenium.common.exceptions.ElementNotInteractableException: Message: element not interactable (Session info: chrome=110.0.5481.77)
Version of selenium I am working with: 3.141.0
I don't have your specific version of selenium, but here's a solution that works with a more recent version, selenium 4.7.2:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ec
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from time import sleep
s = Service('bin/chromedriver.exe')
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("--start-maximized")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=s, options=chrome_options)
driver.get('https://glasschain.org/btc/wallet/100478015')
delay = 3 # seconds
try:
adr_button = WebDriverWait(driver, delay).until(ec.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'tab-Addresses')))
except TimeoutException:
print("Loading timed out, exiting...")
exit()
# click the GDPR cookies accept button, if that hasn't happened yet
gdpr_button = driver.find_element(by='id', value='gdpr')
if gdpr_button:
driver.execute_script("gdpr('accept');")
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", adr_button)
try:
dots_button = WebDriverWait(driver, delay).until(ec.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, 'ellipse')))
except TimeoutException:
print("Loading timed out, exiting...")
exit()
# click the dots button, to make the input appear
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", dots_button)
# select the input, modify the value and then make it lose focus
dots_input = dots_button.find_element('xpath', "//span[#class='ellipse clickable']/input")
print(dots_input)
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].setAttribute('value','5000');", dots_input)
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].blur();", dots_input)
# just so you can see before the driver closes the browser again
sleep(10)
Note that, instead of waiting a number of seconds, the script simply waits until a specific element is loaded and then continues. There's still a delay defined, but this is now the maximum amount of time the script will wait for the element to load, instead of just waiting a fixed amount of time.
Once the button is clicked, a nested input element appears, which is selected and then JavaScript is executed to change its value and cause it to lose focus (blur), so that the new value gets applied.
(note that I have the Chrome driver in a subfolder next to the script, called bin)
I'm trying to make a small program that looks at a web page at a hidden button (uses hide in the class) and waits for it to be clickable before clicking it. The code is below. I'm wondering if the WebDriverWait and element_to_be_clickable functions will already by refreshing things or if I would have to manually refresh the page.
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import time
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get(<URL>)
print("beginning 120s wait")
time.sleep(120)
print("finished 120s wait")
try:
element = WebDriverWait(driver, 1000).until(
EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, "btn add"))
)
print("It went through")
element.click()
driver.execute_script("alert('It went through!');")
finally:
driver.execute_script("alert('Did it work?');")
First of all, I am not really sure if just searching by the class name minus the "hide" part will actually find the correct element, but the larger issue is that I do not know if the button will only be visible after refreshing the page. If I need to refresh, then it gets annoying because most sites throw up additional captchas for both Firefox or Chrome when they figure out a bot is accessing the site. (That's why I have the initial sleep: so that I can finish any captcha manually first)
So, do I need to have a refresh in my code, or will it be fine without it? If I do need it, how do I implement it? Do I just add it like:
try:
element = WebDriverWait(driver, 1000).until(
drive.refresh()
EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, "btn add"))
)
And sorry if this has been answered elsewhere, I searched a bunch, but I have not quite found the answer on this site.
First, you shouldn't use sleep the WebDriverWait with the correct EC will do the trick.
As for the EC.element_to_be_clickable this is the code behind the function:
def element_to_be_clickable(locator):
""" An Expectation for checking an element is visible and enabled such that
you can click it."""
def _predicate(driver):
element = visibility_of_element_located(locator)(driver)
if element and element.is_enabled():
return element
else:
return False
return _predicate
As you can see the EC.element_to_be_clickable function does not refresh the browser.
If you insist you need the refresh the correct way to implement it will be:
try:
element = WebDriverWait(driver, 30).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, "btn add"))
except (NoSuchElementException, StaleElementReferenceException):
driver.refresh()
element = WebDriverWait(driver, 30).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, "btn add"))
I don't think the refresh will help with the hidden element...
I want to scrape all the data of a page implemented by a infinite scroll. The following python code works.
for i in range(100):
driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")
time.sleep(5)
This means every time I scroll down to the bottom, I need to wait 5 seconds, which is generally enough for the page to finish loading the newly generated contents. But, this may not be time efficient. The page may finish loading the new contents within 5 seconds. How can I detect whether the page finished loading the new contents every time I scroll down? If I can detect this, I can scroll down again to see more contents once I know the page finished loading. This is more time efficient.
The webdriver will wait for a page to load by default via .get() method.
As you may be looking for some specific element as #user227215 said, you should use WebDriverWait to wait for an element located in your page:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser.get("url")
delay = 3 # seconds
try:
myElem = WebDriverWait(browser, delay).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'IdOfMyElement')))
print "Page is ready!"
except TimeoutException:
print "Loading took too much time!"
I have used it for checking alerts. You can use any other type methods to find the locator.
EDIT 1:
I should mention that the webdriver will wait for a page to load by default. It does not wait for loading inside frames or for ajax requests. It means when you use .get('url'), your browser will wait until the page is completely loaded and then go to the next command in the code. But when you are posting an ajax request, webdriver does not wait and it's your responsibility to wait an appropriate amount of time for the page or a part of page to load; so there is a module named expected_conditions.
Trying to pass find_element_by_id to the constructor for presence_of_element_located (as shown in the accepted answer) caused NoSuchElementException to be raised. I had to use the syntax in fragles' comment:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get('url')
timeout = 5
try:
element_present = EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'element_id'))
WebDriverWait(driver, timeout).until(element_present)
except TimeoutException:
print "Timed out waiting for page to load"
This matches the example in the documentation. Here is a link to the documentation for By.
Find below 3 methods:
readyState
Checking page readyState (not reliable):
def page_has_loaded(self):
self.log.info("Checking if {} page is loaded.".format(self.driver.current_url))
page_state = self.driver.execute_script('return document.readyState;')
return page_state == 'complete'
The wait_for helper function is good, but unfortunately click_through_to_new_page is open to the race condition where we manage to execute the script in the old page, before the browser has started processing the click, and page_has_loaded just returns true straight away.
id
Comparing new page ids with the old one:
def page_has_loaded_id(self):
self.log.info("Checking if {} page is loaded.".format(self.driver.current_url))
try:
new_page = browser.find_element_by_tag_name('html')
return new_page.id != old_page.id
except NoSuchElementException:
return False
It's possible that comparing ids is not as effective as waiting for stale reference exceptions.
staleness_of
Using staleness_of method:
#contextlib.contextmanager
def wait_for_page_load(self, timeout=10):
self.log.debug("Waiting for page to load at {}.".format(self.driver.current_url))
old_page = self.find_element_by_tag_name('html')
yield
WebDriverWait(self, timeout).until(staleness_of(old_page))
For more details, check Harry's blog.
As mentioned in the answer from David Cullen, I've always seen recommendations to use a line like the following one:
element_present = EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'element_id'))
WebDriverWait(driver, timeout).until(element_present)
It was difficult for me to find somewhere all the possible locators that can be used with the By, so I thought it would be useful to provide the list here.
According to Web Scraping with Python by Ryan Mitchell:
ID
Used in the example; finds elements by their HTML id attribute
CLASS_NAME
Used to find elements by their HTML class attribute. Why is this
function CLASS_NAME not simply CLASS? Using the form object.CLASS
would create problems for Selenium's Java library, where .class is a
reserved method. In order to keep the Selenium syntax consistent
between different languages, CLASS_NAME was used instead.
CSS_SELECTOR
Finds elements by their class, id, or tag name, using the #idName,
.className, tagName convention.
LINK_TEXT
Finds HTML tags by the text they contain. For example, a link that
says "Next" can be selected using (By.LINK_TEXT, "Next").
PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT
Similar to LINK_TEXT, but matches on a partial string.
NAME
Finds HTML tags by their name attribute. This is handy for HTML forms.
TAG_NAME
Finds HTML tags by their tag name.
XPATH
Uses an XPath expression ... to select matching elements.
From selenium/webdriver/support/wait.py
driver = ...
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
lambda x: x.find_element_by_id("someId"))
On a side note, instead of scrolling down 100 times, you can check if there are no more modifications to the DOM (we are in the case of the bottom of the page being AJAX lazy-loaded)
def scrollDown(driver, value):
driver.execute_script("window.scrollBy(0,"+str(value)+")")
# Scroll down the page
def scrollDownAllTheWay(driver):
old_page = driver.page_source
while True:
logging.debug("Scrolling loop")
for i in range(2):
scrollDown(driver, 500)
time.sleep(2)
new_page = driver.page_source
if new_page != old_page:
old_page = new_page
else:
break
return True
Have you tried driver.implicitly_wait. It is like a setting for the driver, so you only call it once in the session and it basically tells the driver to wait the given amount of time until each command can be executed.
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
So if you set a wait time of 10 seconds it will execute the command as soon as possible, waiting 10 seconds before it gives up. I've used this in similar scroll-down scenarios so I don't see why it wouldn't work in your case. Hope this is helpful.
To be able to fix this answer, I have to add new text. Be sure to use a lower case 'w' in implicitly_wait.
Here I did it using a rather simple form:
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser.get("url")
searchTxt=''
while not searchTxt:
try:
searchTxt=browser.find_element_by_name('NAME OF ELEMENT')
searchTxt.send_keys("USERNAME")
except:continue
Solution for ajax pages that continuously load data. The previews methods stated do not work. What we can do instead is grab the page dom and hash it and compare old and new hash values together over a delta time.
import time
from selenium import webdriver
def page_has_loaded(driver, sleep_time = 2):
'''
Waits for page to completely load by comparing current page hash values.
'''
def get_page_hash(driver):
'''
Returns html dom hash
'''
# can find element by either 'html' tag or by the html 'root' id
dom = driver.find_element_by_tag_name('html').get_attribute('innerHTML')
# dom = driver.find_element_by_id('root').get_attribute('innerHTML')
dom_hash = hash(dom.encode('utf-8'))
return dom_hash
page_hash = 'empty'
page_hash_new = ''
# comparing old and new page DOM hash together to verify the page is fully loaded
while page_hash != page_hash_new:
page_hash = get_page_hash(driver)
time.sleep(sleep_time)
page_hash_new = get_page_hash(driver)
print('<page_has_loaded> - page not loaded')
print('<page_has_loaded> - page loaded: {}'.format(driver.current_url))
How about putting WebDriverWait in While loop and catching the exceptions.
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser.get("url")
delay = 3 # seconds
while True:
try:
WebDriverWait(browser, delay).until(EC.presence_of_element_located(browser.find_element_by_id('IdOfMyElement')))
print "Page is ready!"
break # it will break from the loop once the specific element will be present.
except TimeoutException:
print "Loading took too much time!-Try again"
You can do that very simple by this function:
def page_is_loading(driver):
while True:
x = driver.execute_script("return document.readyState")
if x == "complete":
return True
else:
yield False
and when you want do something after page loading complete,you can use:
Driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=Options, executable_path='geckodriver.exe')
Driver.get("https://www.google.com/")
while not page_is_loading(Driver):
continue
Driver.execute_script("alert('page is loaded')")
use this in code :
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Firefox() # or Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(10) # seconds
driver.get("http://www.......")
or you can use this code if you are looking for a specific tag :
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
driver = webdriver.Firefox() #or Chrome()
driver.get("http://www.......")
try:
element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "tag_id"))
)
finally:
driver.quit()
Very good answers here. Quick example of wait for XPATH.
# wait for sizes to load - 2s timeout
try:
WebDriverWait(driver, 2).until(expected_conditions.presence_of_element_located(
(By.XPATH, "//div[#id='stockSizes']//a")))
except TimeoutException:
pass
I struggled a bit to get this working as that didn't worked for me as expected. anyone who is still struggling to get this working, may check this.
I want to wait for an element to be present on the webpage before proceeding with my manipulations.
we can use WebDriverWait(driver, 10, 1).until(), but the catch is until() expects a function which it can execute for a period of timeout provided(in our case its 10) for every 1 sec. so keeping it like below worked for me.
element_found = wait_for_element.until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_class_name("MY_ELEMENT_CLASS_NAME").is_displayed())
here is what until() do behind the scene
def until(self, method, message=''):
"""Calls the method provided with the driver as an argument until the \
return value is not False."""
screen = None
stacktrace = None
end_time = time.time() + self._timeout
while True:
try:
value = method(self._driver)
if value:
return value
except self._ignored_exceptions as exc:
screen = getattr(exc, 'screen', None)
stacktrace = getattr(exc, 'stacktrace', None)
time.sleep(self._poll)
if time.time() > end_time:
break
raise TimeoutException(message, screen, stacktrace)
If you are trying to scroll and find all items on a page. You can consider using the following. This is a combination of a few methods mentioned by others here. And it did the job for me:
while True:
try:
driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")
driver.implicitly_wait(30)
time.sleep(4)
elem1 = WebDriverWait(driver, 30).until(EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "element-name")))
len_elem_1 = len(elem1)
print(f"A list Length {len_elem_1}")
driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")
driver.implicitly_wait(30)
time.sleep(4)
elem2 = WebDriverWait(driver, 30).until(EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "element-name")))
len_elem_2 = len(elem2)
print(f"B list Length {len_elem_2}")
if len_elem_1 == len_elem_2:
print(f"final length = {len_elem_1}")
break
except TimeoutException:
print("Loading took too much time!")
selenium can't detect when the page is fully loaded or not, but javascript can. I suggest you try this.
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
WebDriverWait(driver, 100).until(lambda driver: driver.execute_script('return document.readyState') == 'complete')
this will execute javascript code instead of using python, because javascript can detect when page is fully loaded, it will show 'complete'. This code means in 100 seconds, keep tryingn document.readyState until complete shows.
nono = driver.current_url
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//button[#value='Send']").click()
while driver.current_url == nono:
pass
print("page loaded.")
browser = webdriver.PhantomJS()
def get_score(url):
browser.get(url)
elements = wait.until(EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.XPATH, "//span[#class='shopdsr-score-con']")))
description_score = float(elements[0].text)
service_score = float(elements[1].text)
logistics_score = float(elements[2].text)
About is my code. Sometimes this may get stuck for quite long time and I expect there should be TimeOutException if it get stuck for 30 seconds because I have this code wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 30)
But this never happens, the program just wait there...What's the question?
As you mentioned, you have set WebDriverWait(browser, 30) so effectively your code will be looking like :
browser = webdriver.PhantomJS()
def get_score(url):
browser.get(url)
elements = WebDriverWait(browser, 30).until(EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.XPATH, "//span[#class='shopdsr-score-con']")))
description_score = float(elements[0].text)
service_score = float(elements[1].text)
logistics_score = float(elements[2].text)
Logically, there is no error in your code block but the the program just wait there because when you invoke get(url) the web client i.e. PhantomJS Browser doesn't returns back document.readyState = "complete" so early. The JavaScript and the AJAX Calls still keeps loading. Hence Page Loading gets elongated.
Once the document.readyState = "complete" is returned by the web client i.e. PhantomJS Browser then only Selenium executes the next line of code:
elements = WebDriverWait(browser, 30).until(EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.XPATH, "//span[#class='shopdsr-score-con']")))
Hence the program just wait there for some more time.
Update :
As per your comment you need to look at the options of pageLoadStrategy either setting pageLoadStrategy to eager or none as per this QA Don't wait for a page to load using Selenium in Python
use try,except
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
timeout=30
try:
element_present1 = EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//input[#name='username']"))
WebDriverWait(driver, timeout).until(element_present1)
except TimeoutException:
print "Timed out waiting for login page to load"
What I am to do is trying to iterate over all select values and grab some data. Data is loaded via AJAX so the page isn't reloading - the data in the table is just changing. As you can see I have tried to use explicit wait but that doesn't work - select value can be "4" but information in the table can still belong to the "3" value. I would like to know how can I be sure that the page is really updated?
There're some similar questions but I didn't find proper solution.
for i in range(N):
try:
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//select[#id='search-type']/option[#value='%s']"%i).click()
driver.find_element_by_name("submit").click()
except:
print i
continue
elem = driver.find_element_by_id("my_id")
wait.until(lambda driver: driver.find_element_by_id('search-type').get_attribute("value")==str(i))
if no_results(get_bs_source(driver.page_source)):
print "No results %s"%i
if is_limited(get_bs_source(driver.page_source)):
print "LIMITED %s"%i
data+=get_links_from_current_page(driver)
For sure I can use time.sleep(N) but that's not the way I would like to do this.
Selenium is using document.ready state to determine if page has loaded or not.
WebDriverWait implementing such kind of logic. You should not use document.readyState directly!
In most of functions it's waiting, for example:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser.get("http://something.com")
delay = 10 # seconds
WebDriverWait(browser, delay).until(EC.presence_of_element_located(browser.find_element_by_id('IdOfMyElement')))
In this case it will execute document.ready 2 times: 1st time browser.get, second time while WebDriverWait.
Selenium implementation: https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/01399fffecd5a20af6f31aed6cb0043c9c5cde65/java/client/src/com/thoughtworks/selenium/webdriven/commands/WaitForPageToLoad.java#L59-L73
var javaScriptExecutor = Instance as IJavaScriptExecutor;
bool isPageLoaded = javaScriptExecutor.ExecuteScript("return document.readyState;").Equals("complete");