is there any method to create standalone .pyc program that will contain all modules inside, I just don't want to install all modules on every computer where I want to run this program. If this is not possible what else can I do?
You could install python packages locally inside your project, using command:
pip install -t <destination_folder> <package_name>
For example:
pip install -t . mock
Will install mock library into current directory. Then, when you do import mock in the files from that folder, you will be given local file.
You could also install all packages into subfolder of your project called lib or similarly, and than before you import that package call:
import sys; sys.path.insert(0, path_to_lib_folder)
You need to create virtual python environment.
There are two ways:
VirtualENV. It creates virtual environment. So you can install python modules in it and just copy to another server.
(RECOMMENDED) Buildout. It also creates virtual environment. However you don't need to install all things and update every time you need. You just need to write simple buildout config and buildout install everything for you and keeps it up to date. Also buildout can install software which may be non-Python-based, for example some kind of database and so on. And everything will be installed locally in virtual environment.
Related
I would like to easily export one Python project from one PC to other. When I created the project, I used a virtual environment in order to avoid problems with different package versions.
What I did was to just copy the project folder and paste it in the destination PC. Once I opened the project with Pycharm, I activated the virtual environment with project_path/venv/Scripts/activate, but when I tried to execute any Script, it said it didn´t find the modules.
Which is the workflow I should follow in order to create projects and be able to run them from multiple PC-s without needing to install all the dependencies?
Since you did not specify your Python version I will provide a solution working for both Python 2.x and 3.x.
My suggestion is to create a requirements.txt file containing all your requirements.
This file can be easily prepared using the output from the command:
pip freeze
Then you can paste the output in your requirements.txt file and when you are going to install your Python code on another PC you can simply:
pip install -r requirements.txt
To install your requirements again.
Depending on your project it could be possible, for example, to create a single EXE file (if you are using Windows machines) but more detailed is needed if this is the case.
In case you are using Python 3 the method that is at the moment arguably more popular in the Python community is Pipenv.
Here's its relevant documentation.
And here you can read a simple example of a workflow.
if you are using python3 then use pipenv. It will automatically create Pipfile and Pipfile.lock. That will insure reinstalling dependencies on different machine will have the same packages.
basic and helpful commands:
pipenv shell # activate virutalenv
pipenv install # will install dependencies in Pipfile
pipenv install requests # will install requests lib. and will auto update Pipfile and Pipfile.lock
I'm writing a plugin for an app, and found that packages I install with pip are apparently being ignored, so I'm trying to install them within my plugin's directory using
pip install --ignore-installed --install-option="--prefix=[plugins-folder]" [package-name]
This creates a folder structure lib/python2.7/site-packages/[dependencies] which is fine by me, except I can't figure out how to them import those dependencies. Even if I manage to import the main package, it will break because it can't find it's own dependencies which are also in that same directory structure.
I suggest that you should use virtual python environment. virtualenv for python2/python3 and python3 -m venv for python3.
You python environment seems orderless and you should isolate each environment for each python app.
I have a pytest test, let's call it test.py. I used to run this test outside of virtualenv; now I'm trying to run it inside a virtualenv sandbox.
The project is structured like this:
~/project/test # where test.py and all virtualenv files live
~/project/mylibrary
test.py imports from mylibrary. In the past, this worked because I have the code in ~/project/mylibrary installed into /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/mylibrary.
I can't run virtualenv with the --system-site-packages flag. I also can't move the code from ~/project/mylibrary into the ~/project/test folder. How can I get access to the code in mylibrary inside my virtualenv?
You don't need to do anything special - as long as you are working inside a virtualenv, python setup.py install will automatically install packages into
$VIRTUAL_ENV/lib/python2.7/site-packages
rather than your system-wide
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages
directory.
In general it's better to use pip install mylibrary/, since this way you can neatly uninstall the package using pip uninstall mylibrary.
If you're installing a working copy of some code that you're developing, it might be a good idea to install it in "editable" mode using pip install -e mylibrary/, which creates a link to your source directory so that your installed module gets updated as you edit the code.
The easiest way would be to add the directory containing the library to your sys.path
I've needed to deal with this for some time, but never really figured out what the most pythonic way of importing/setting up PYTHONPATH for custom modules is. I know I can use virtualenv to manage it, I know I can set it inside of scripts, or through pth files, but none of these seem very clean and pythonic to me, so I'm guessing I'm missing something.
Almost always, all custom modules I'm interested in are contained in the git directory I've cloned down that has whatever script I'm running, if that simplifies things.
I'm guessing virtualenv is the answer, but figured I'd ask in case I'm missing anything.
EDIT: To clarify, this is only a question about custom modules. I'm already using pip for modules from PyPI.
You can use pip to install packages that are not on PyPI also. You just need an URI endpoint and a valid python package:
Examples:
$ pip install https://github.com/pypa/pip/archive/develop.zip#egg=pip
$ pip install git+https://github.com/pypa/pip.git#egg=pip
$ pip install git+git://github.com/pypa/pip.git#egg=pip
$ pip install /path/to/pip.tar.gz
$ pip install .
Read more at https://pip-installer.org/en/latest/usage.html#pip-install
virtualenv is a good start.
There are also package managers like pip and easy_install that manage third party modules.
In code you can use:
import sys
sys.path.append('/path/to/customModule')
Virtualenv is the way to go with this.
pip install virtualenv
Then make a folder to setup your environments. Inside that folder:
virtualenv <new_env_name>
That'll create a new folder in that directory, inside that there's a bin folder, run source on activate in that bin folder. You can then do pip install and it will only install it for that environment.
If you're cloning a git repo that you also want to be able to peruse the code easily (like if you're also working on that repo) clone it into your work_dir and then symlink or alias the package folder into the site-package directory inside that virtualenv's lib directory. Otherwise, if it's packaged correctly if you do python setup.py install it should install it right for that virtualenv.
I'm new to virtualenv but I'm writting django app and finally I will have to deploy it somehow.
So lets assume I have my app working on my local virtualenv where I installed all the required libraries. What I want to do now, is to run some kind of script, that will take my virtualenv, check what's installed inside and produce a script that will install all these libraries on fresh virtualenv on other machine. How this can be done? Please help.
You don't copy paste your virtualenv. You export the list of all the packages installed like -
pip freeze > requirements.txt
Then push the requirements.txt file to anywhere you want to deploy the code, and then just do what you did on dev machine -
$ virtualenv <env_name>
$ source <env_name>/bin/activate
(<env_name>)$ pip install -r path/to/requirements.txt
And there you have all your packages installed with the exact version.
You can also look into Fabric to automate this task, with a function like this -
def pip_install():
with cd(env.path):
with prefix('source venv/bin/activate'):
run('pip install -r requirements.txt')
You can install virtualenvwrapper and try cpvirtualenv, but the developers advise caution here:
Warning
Copying virtual environments is not well supported. Each virtualenv
has path information hard-coded into it, and there may be cases where
the copy code does not know it needs to update a particular file. Use
with caution.
If it is going to be on the same path you can tar it and extract it on another machine. If all the same dependencies, libraries etc are available on the target machine it will work.