OpenCV Python not opening images with imread() - python

I'm not entirely sure why this is happening but I am in the process of making a program and I am having tons of issues trying to get opencv to open images using imread. I keep getting errors saying that the image is 0px wide by 0px high. This isn't making much sense to me so I searched around on here and I'm not getting any answers from SO either.
I have taken about 20 pictures and they are all using the same device. Probably 8 of them actually open and work correctly, the rest don't. They aren't corrupted either because they open in other programs. I have triple checked the paths and they are using full paths.
Is anyone else having issues like this? All of my files are .jpgs and I am not seeing any problems on my end. Is this a bug or am I doing something wrong?
Here is a snippet of the code that I am using that is reproducing the error on my end.
imgloc = "F:\Kyle\Desktop\Coinjar\Test images\ten.png"
img = cv2.imread(imgloc)
cv2.imshow('img',img)
When I change the file I just adjust the name of the file itself the entire path doesn't change it just refuses to accept some of my images which are essentially the same ones.
I am getting this error from a later part of the code where I try to use img.shape
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "F:\Kyle\Desktop\Coinjar\CoinJar Test2.py", line 14, in <module>
height, width, depth = img.shape
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'shape'
and I am getting this error when I try to show a window from the code snippet above.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "F:\Kyle\Desktop\Coinjar\CoinJar Test2.py", line 11, in <module>
cv2.imshow('img',img)
error: ..\..\..\..\opencv\modules\highgui\src\window.cpp:261: error: (-215) size.width>0 && size.height>0 in function cv::imshow

Probably you have problem with special meaning of \ in text - like \t or \n
Use \\ in place of \
imgloc = "F:\\Kyle\\Desktop\\Coinjar\\Test images\\ten.png"
or use prefix r'' (and it will treat it as raw text without special codes)
imgloc = r"F:\Kyle\Desktop\Coinjar\Test images\ten.png"
EDIT:
Some modules accept even / like in Linux path
imgloc = "F:/Kyle/Desktop/Coinjar/Test images/ten.png"

From my experience, file paths that are too long (OS dependent) can also cause cv2.imread() to fail.
Also, when it does fail, it often fails silently, so it is hard to even realize that it failed, and usually something further the the code will be what sparks the error.
Hope this helps.

Faced the same problem on Windows: cv.imread returned None when reading jpg files from a subfolder. The same code and folder structure worked on Linux.
Found out that cv.imread processes the same jpg files, if they are in the same folder as the python file.
My workaround:
copy the image file to the python file folder
use this file in cv.imread
remove redundant image file
import os
import shutil
import cv2 as cv
image_dir = os.path.join('path', 'to', 'image')
image_filename = 'image.jpg'
full_image_path = os.path.join(image_dir, image_filename)
image = cv.imread(full_image_path)
if image is None:
shutil.copy(full_image_path, image_filename)
image = cv.imread(image_filename)
os.remove(image_filename)
...

I had i lot of trouble with cv.imread() not finding my Image. I think i tryed everything involving changing the path. The os.path.exists(file_path) function also gave me back a True.
I finaly solved the problem by loading the images with imageio.
img = imageio.imread('file_path')
This also loads the img in a numpy array and you can use funktions like cv.matchTemplate() on this object. But i would recomment if u are doing stuff with multiple images that you then read all of them with imageio because i found diffrences in the arrays produced by .imread() from the two libs (opencv, imageio) on a File both of them could open.
I hope i could help someone

Take care to :
try imread() with a reliable picture,
and the correct path in your context like (see Kyle772 answer). For me either //or \.
I lost a couple of hours trying with 2 images saved from a left click in a browser. As soon as I took a personal camera image, it works fine.
Spyder screen shot
#context windows10 / anaconda / python 3.2.0
import cv2
print(cv2.__version__) # 3.2.0
imgloc = "D:/violettes/Software/Central/test.jpg" #this path works fine.
# imgloc = "D:\\violettes\\Software\\Central\\test.jpg" this path works fine also.
#imgloc = "D:\violettes\Software\Central\test.jpg" #this path fails.
img = cv2.imread(imgloc)
height, width, channels = img.shape
print (height, width, channels)
python opencv image-loading imread

I know that the question is already answered but in case anybody still is not able to load images with imread. It may be because there are letters in the string path witch imread does not accept.
For exmaple umlauts and diacritical marks.

My suggestion for everyone facing the same problem is to try this:
cv2.imshow("image", img)
The img is keyword. Never forget.

When you get error like this AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'shape'
Try with new_image=image.copy

Related

How can I read this JPEG from an iPhone? neither PIL nor OpenCV can do it

I am trying to open an iPhone image in a Jupyter notebook. This is the location of my image on my hard drive: /Users/admin/work/img_2581.jpg; this is the location of my Jupyter notebook: /Users/admin/work/Untitled.ipynb. However, I am unable to load the image onto the Jupyter notebook.
Image Path: path = '/Users/admin/work/img_2581.jpg'
Notebook location: /Users/admin/work/Untitled.ipynb
I first tried using OpenCV to open the image on the Jupyter notebook. Here's what I did:
OpenCV image read: img = cv2.imread(path)
I tried to print the shape of the image: print(img.shape). However, I received the following error:
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'shape'
To check for the correct path of the image, I used a simple Python open() statement:
f = open("../work/img_2581.jpg", "r")
print(f)
Output: <_io.TextIOWrapper name='../work/img_2581.jpg' mode='r' encoding='UTF-8'>
Seeing that OpenCV did not work, I tried using Pillow:
from PIL import Image
img = Image.open(path)
The following exception occurred when I tried Pillow:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
UnidentifiedImageError Traceback (most recent call last)
Input In [14], in <cell line: 3>()
1 from PIL import Image
----> 3 img = Image.open(path)
File ~/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/PIL/Image.py:3283, in open(fp, mode, formats)
3281 warnings.warn(message)
3282 msg = "cannot identify image file %r" % (filename if filename else fp)
-> 3283 raise UnidentifiedImageError(msg)
UnidentifiedImageError: cannot identify image file '/Users/admin/work/img_2581.jpg'
I saw on this website that a possible problem was that the image has been corrupted. However, I am able to open it without any issues.
My questions are as follows:
(1) In OpenCV, why is img taking on the value of None when the image I am importing exists?
(2) What is causing UnidentifiedImageError in Pillow?
(3) How can I fix these issues?
There seem to be two possibilities:
either OpenCV/PIL cannot find the image, or
they can find it but cannot read it.
I'll look at each possibility in a separate section.
In case OpenCV/PIL cannot find your image...
The simplest thing to do is work out what directory your Jupyter notebook is running in, so use:
!pwd
Then you can work out the relative path to your image - that is a path that does NOT start with a slash.
So, if your notebook is running in /Users/admin, you will need to open work/img_2581.jpg without a leading slash.
If your notebook is running in /Users/admin/work, you will need to open img_2581.jpg without a leading slash.
If your notebook is running in /Users/admin/work/someMadDirectory, you will need to open ../img_2581.jpg without a leading slash because .. means "one level higher".
In case OpenCV/PIL can find your image, but cannot read it...
It is possible that your image is either not a JPEG at all, or is a JPEG with unusual characteristics (such as being 12-bit instead of 8-bit) or is say JPEG2000.
The simplest way to test if it is a JPEG on Linux/macOS without installing any special software is with:
file img_2581.jpg # or "!file img_2581.jpg" inside Jupyter
If you don't have file available, exiftool is an excellent way to examine images, so I would suggest:
exiftool img_2581.jpg # or "!exiftool img_2581.jpg" inside Jupyter
If you have neither file nor exiftool, you can upload your image to https://hexed.it and copy the first few lines and paste them into your question so we can check them.

imread returns None, violating assertion !_src.empty() in function 'cvtColor' error

I am trying to do a basic colour conversion in python however I can't seem to get past the below error. I have re-installed python, opencv and tried on both python 3.4.3 (latest) and python 2.7 (which is on my Mac).
I installed opencv using python's package manager opencv-python.
Here is the code that fails:
frame = cv2.imread('frames/frame%d.tiff' % count)
frame_HSV= cv2.cvtColor(frame,cv2.COLOR_RGB2HSV)
This is the error message:
cv2.error: OpenCV(3.4.3) /Users/travis/build/skvark/opencv-python/opencv/modules/imgproc/src/color.cpp:181: error: (-215:Assertion failed) !_src.empty() in function 'cvtColor'
This error happened because the image didn't load properly. So you have a problem with the previous line cv2.imread. My suggestion is :
check if the image exists in the path you give
check if the count variable has a valid number
If anyone is experiencing this same problem when reading a frame from a webcam:
Verify if your webcam is being used on another task and close it. This wil solve the problem.
I spent some time with this error when I realized my camera was online in a google hangouts group. Also, Make sure your webcam drivers are up to date
I kept getting this error too:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "face_detector.py", line 6, in <module>
gray_img=cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
cv2.error: OpenCV(4.1.0) C:\projects\opencv-python\opencv\modules\imgproc\src\color.cpp:182: error: (-215:Assertion failed) !_src.empty() in function 'cv::cvtColor
My cv2.cvtColor(...) was working fine with \photo.jpg but not with \news.jpg. For me, I finally realized that when working on Windows with python, those escape characters will get you every time!! So my "bad" photo was being escaped because of the file name beginning with "n". Python took the \n as an escape character and OpenCV couldn't find the file!
Solution:
Preface file names in Windows python with r"...\...\" as in
cv2.imread(r".\images\news.jpg")
If the path is correct and the name of the image is OK, but you are still getting the error
use:
from skimage import io
img = io.imread(file_path)
instead of:
cv2.imread(file_path)
The function imread loads an image from the specified file and returns
it. If the image cannot be read (because of missing file, improper permissions, unsupported or invalid format), the function returns an empty matrix ( Mat::data==NULL ).
check if the image exists in the path and verify the image extension (.jpg or .png)
Check whether its the jpg, png, bmp file that you are providing and write the extension accordingly.
Another thing which might be causing this is a 'weird' symbol in your file and directory names. All umlaut (äöå) and other (éóâ etc) characters should be removed from the file and folder names. I've had this same issue sometimes because of these characters.
Most probably there is an error in loading the image, try checking directory again.
Print the image to confirm if it actually loaded or not
In my case, the image was incorrectly named. Check if the image exists and try
import numpy as np
import cv2
img = cv2.imread('image.png', 0)
cv2.imshow('image', img)
I've been in same situation as well, and My case was because of the Korean letter in the path...
After I remove Korean letters from the folder name, it works.
OR put
[#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-]
(except [ ] at the edge)
or something like that in the first line to make python understand Korean or your language or etc.
then it will work even if there is some Koreans in the path in my case.
So the things is, it seems like there is something about path or the letter.
People who answered are saying similar things. Hope you guys solve it!
I had the same problem and it turned out that my image names included special characters (e.g. château.jpg), which could not bet handled by cv2.imread. My solution was to make a temporary copy of the file, renaming it e.g. temp.jpg, which could be loaded by cv2.imread without any problems.
Note: I did not check the performance of shutil.copy2 vice versa other options. So probably there is a better/faster solution to make a temporary copy.
import shutil, sys, os, dlib, glob, cv2
for f in glob.glob(os.path.join(myfolder_path, "*.jpg")):
shutil.copy2(f, myfolder_path + 'temp.jpg')
img = cv2.imread(myfolder_path + 'temp.jpg')
img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
os.remove(myfolder_path + 'temp.jpg')
If there are only few files with special characters, renaming can also be done as an exeption, e.g.
for f in glob.glob(os.path.join(myfolder_path, "*.jpg")):
try:
img = cv2.imread(f)
img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
except:
shutil.copy2(f, myfolder_path + 'temp.jpg')
img = cv2.imread(myfolder_path + 'temp.jpg')
img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
os.remove(myfolder_path + 'temp.jpg')
In my case it was a permission issue. I had to:
chmod a+wrx the image,
then it worked.
must please see guys that the error is in the cv2.imread() .Give the right path of the image. and firstly, see if your system loads the image or not. this can be checked first by simple load of image using cv2.imread().
after that ,see this code for the face detection
import numpy as np
import cv2
cascPath = "/Users/mayurgupta/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site- packages/cv2/data/haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml"
eyePath = "/Users/mayurgupta/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/cv2/data/haarcascade_eye.xml"
smilePath = "/Users/mayurgupta/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/cv2/data/haarcascade_smile.xml"
face_cascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier(cascPath)
eye_cascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier(eyePath)
smile_cascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier(smilePath)
img = cv2.imread('WhatsApp Image 2020-04-04 at 8.43.18 PM.jpeg')
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
faces = face_cascade.detectMultiScale(gray, 1.3, 5)
for (x,y,w,h) in faces:
img = cv2.rectangle(img,(x,y),(x+w,y+h),(255,0,0),2)
roi_gray = gray[y:y+h, x:x+w]
roi_color = img[y:y+h, x:x+w]
eyes = eye_cascade.detectMultiScale(roi_gray)
for (ex,ey,ew,eh) in eyes:
cv2.rectangle(roi_color,(ex,ey),(ex+ew,ey+eh),(0,255,0),2)
cv2.imshow('img',img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
Here, cascPath ,eyePath ,smilePath should have the right actual path that's picked up from lib/python3.7/site-packages/cv2/data here this path should be to picked up the haarcascade files
Your code can't find the figure or the name of your figure named the by error message.
Solution:
import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
img=cv2.imread('哈哈.jpg')#solution:img=cv2.imread('haha.jpg')
print(img)
If anyone is experiencing this same problem when reading a frame from a webcam [with code similar to "frame = cv2.VideoCapture(0)"] and work in Jupyter Notebook, you may try:
ensure previously tried code is not running already and restart Jupyter Notebook kernel
SEPARATE code "frame = cv2.VideoCapture(0)" in separate cell on place where it is [previous code put in cell above, code under put to cell down]
then run all the code above cell where is "frame = cv2.VideoCapture(0)"
then try run next cell with its only code "frame = cv2.VideoCapture(0)" - AND - till you will continue in executing other cells - ENSURE - that ASTERIX on the left side of this particular cell DISAPEAR and command order number appear instead - only then continue
now you can try execute the rest of your code as your camera input should not be empty anymore :-)
After end, ensure you close all your program and restart kernel to prepare it for another run
As #shaked litbak , this error arised with my initial use with the ASCII-generator , as i naively thought i just had to add to the ./data directory , with its load automatically .
I had to append the --input option with the desired file path .
I checked my image file path and it was correct. I made sure there was no corrupt images.The problem was with my mac. It sometimes have a hidden file called .DS_Store which was saved together with the image file path. Therefore cv2 was having a problem with that file.So I solved the problem by deleting .DS_Store
I also encountered this type of error:
error: OpenCV(4.1.2) /io/opencv/modules/imgproc/src/color.cpp:182: error: (-215:Assertion failed) !_src.empty() in function 'cvtColor'
The solution was to load the image properly. Since the file mentioned was wrong, images were not loaded and hence it threw this error. You can check the path of the image or if uploading an image through colab or drive, make sure that the image is present in the drive.
I encounter the problem when I try to load the image from non-ASCII path.
If I simply use imread to load the image, I am only able to get None.
Here is my solution:
import cv2
import numpy as np
path = r'D:\map\上海地图\abc.png'
image = cv2.imdecode(np.fromfile(path, dtype=np.uint8), cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)
Similar thing will happen when I save the image in a non-ASCII path. It will not be successfully saved without any warnings. And here is what I did.
import cv2
import numpy as np
path = r'D:\map\上海地图\abc.png'
cv2.imencode('.png', image)[1].tofile(path)
path = os.path.join(raw_folder, folder, file)
print('[DEBUG] path:', path)
img = cv2.imread(path) #read path Image
if img is None: # check if the image exists in the path you give
print('Wrong path:', path)
else: # It completes the steps
img = cv2.resize(img, dsize=(128,128))
pixels.append(img)
The solution os to ad './' before the name of image before reading it...
Just Try Degrading the OpenCV
in python Shell (in cmd)
>>> import cv2
>>> cv2.__version__
after Checking in cmd
pip uninstall opencv-python
after uninstalling the version of opencv install
pip install opencv-python==3.4.8.29

Python Script to detect broken images

I wrote a python script to detect broken images and count them,
The problem in my script is it detects all the images and does not detect broken images. How to fix this. I refered :
How to check if a file is a valid image file? for my code
My code
import os
from os import listdir
from PIL import Image
count=0
for filename in os.listdir('/Users/ajinkyabobade/Desktop/2'):
if filename.endswith('.JPG'):
try:
img=Image.open('/Users/ajinkyabobade/Desktop/2'+filename)
img.verify()
except(IOError,SyntaxError)as e:
print('Bad file : '+filename)
count=count+1
print(count)
I have added another SO answer here that extends the PIL solution to better detect broken images.
I also implemented this solution in my Python script here on GitHub.
I also verified that damaged files (jpg) frequently are not 'broken' images i.e, a damaged picture file sometimes remains a legit picture file, the original image is lost or altered but you are still able to load it.
I quote the other answer for completeness:
You can use Python Pillow(PIL) module, with most image formats, to check if a file is a valid and intact image file.
In the case you aim at detecting also broken images, #Nadia Alramli correctly suggests the im.verify() method, but this does not detect all the possible image defects, e.g., im.verify does not detect truncated images (that most viewer often load with a greyed area).
Pillow is able to detect these type of defects too, but you have to apply image manipulation or image decode/recode in or to trigger the check. Finally I suggest to use this code:
try:
im = Image.load(filename)
im.verify() #I perform also verify, don't know if he sees other types o defects
im.close() #reload is necessary in my case
im = Image.load(filename)
im.transpose(PIL.Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)
im.close()
except:
#manage excetions here
In case of image defects this code will raise an exception.
Please consider that im.verify is about 100 times faster than performing the image manipulation (and I think that flip is one of the cheaper transformations).
With this code you are going to verify a set of images at about 10 MBytes/sec (modern 2.5Ghz x86_64 CPU).
For the other formats psd,xcf,.. you can use Imagemagick wrapper Wand, the code is as follows:
im = wand.image.Image(filename=filename)
temp = im.flip;
im.close()
But, from my experiments Wand does not detect truncated images, I think it loads lacking parts as greyed area without prompting.
I red that Imagemagick has an external command identify that could make the job, but I have not found a way to invoke that function programmatically and I have not tested this route.
I suggest to always perform a preliminary check, check the filesize to not be zero (or very small), is a very cheap idea:
statfile = os.stat(filename)
filesize = statfile.st_size
if filesize == 0:
#manage here the 'faulty image' case
You are building a bad path with
img=Image.open('/Users/ajinkyabobade/Desktop/2'+filename)
Try the following instead (by adding / to the end of the directory path)
img=Image.open('/Users/ajinkyabobade/Desktop/2/'+filename)
or
img=Image.open(os.path.join('/Users/ajinkyabobade/Desktop/2', filename))
try the below: It worked fine for me. It identifies the bad/corrupted image and remove them as well. Or if you want you can only print the bad/corrupted file name and remove the final script to delete the file.
for filename in listdir('/Users/ajinkyabobade/Desktop/2/'):
if filename.endswith('.JPG'):
try:
img = Image.open('/Users/ajinkyabobade/Desktop/2/'+filename) # open the image file
img.verify() # verify that it is, in fact an image
except (IOError, SyntaxError) as e:
print(filename)
os.remove('/Users/ajinkyabobade/Desktop/2/'+filename)
I am getting an error that tells me that Image.load is not available. Image.open appears to work.
I was also getting errors using:
except (IOError, SyntaxError) as e:
I just changed that to:
except:
and it worked fine.

Why isn't imread in openCV opening some of the images?

The error im getting is
"Traceback (most recent call last): File
"C:\Users\harit\Desktop\red.py", line 6, in
cv2.imshow('img',img) error: C:\projects\opencv-python\opencv\modules\highgui\src\window.cpp:304:
error: (-215) size.width>0 && size.height>0 in function cv::imshow"
The relevant code is this:
import cv2
import numpy as np
img = cv2.imread('C:\Users\harit\Desktop\images\12.jpg')
cv2.imshow('img',img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
Try changing
img = cv2.imread('C:\Users\harit\Desktop\images\12.jpg')
to
img = cv2.imread(r'C:\Users\harit\Desktop\images\12.jpg')
Backslash is an escape character, and the r before the quotes tells python to "ignore" them.
For example:
>>> s = 'C:\Users\harit\Desktop\images\12.jpg'
>>> print s
C:\Users\harit\Desktop\images
.jpg
This is the wrong path!... with an 'r' in front of the string:
>>> s = r'C:\Users\harit\Desktop\images\12.jpg'
>>> print s
C:\Users\harit\Desktop\images\12.jpg
See https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#string-and-bytes-literals for more on raw strings
I think I kind of understand the problem. Maybe I am wrong with my solution. When I first encountered this problem I thought that open cv only accepts png images instead of jpg however, even after converting the image into an png it still did not make the problem go away. Later on, I tried to rename the name of the image and the new name started with a letter instead of a number and it worked. So, maybe python open cv can't read files with names starting with a number like it cannot accept any variable names that start with numbers. Maybe I am totally wrong, but renaming the image file made the problem go away.

Unrecognized or unsupported array type in function cvGetMat in python opencv

I am trying to code in python opencv-2.4.3, It is giving me an error as below
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/OpenCV-2.4.3/cam_try.py", line 6, in <module>
cv2.imshow('video test',im)
error: /home/OpenCV-2.4.3/modules/core/src/array.cpp:2482: error: (-206) Unrecognized or unsupported array type in function cvGetMat
I am not understanding what does that mean, Can anybody help me out?
Thankyou.
The relevant snippet of the error message is Unrecognized or unsupported array type in function cvGetMat. The cvGetMat() function converts arrays into a Mat. A Mat is the matrix data type that OpenCV uses in the world of C/C++ (Note: the Python OpenCV interface you are utilizing uses Numpy arrays, which are then converted behind the scenes into Mat arrays). With that background in mind, the problem appears to be that that the array im you're passing to cv2.imshow() is poorly formed. Two ideas:
This could be caused by quirky behavior on your webcam... on some cameras null frames are returned from time to time. Before you pass the im array to imshow(), try ensuring that it is not null.
If the error occurs on every frame, then eliminate some of the processing that you are doing and call cv2.imshow() immediately after you grab the frame from the webcam. If that still doesn't work, then you'll know it's a problem with your webcam. Else, add back your processing line by line until you isolate the problem. For example, start with this:
while True:
# Grab frame from webcam
retVal, image = capture.read(); # note: ignore retVal
# faces = cascade.detectMultiScale(image, scaleFactor=1.2, minNeighbors=2, minSize=(100,100),flags=cv.CV_HAAR_DO_CANNY_PRUNING);
# Draw rectangles on image, and then show it
# for (x,y,w,h) in faces:
# cv2.rectangle(image, (x,y), (x+w,y+h), 255)
cv2.imshow("Video", image)
i += 1;
source: Related Question: OpenCV C++ Video Capture does not seem to work
I was having the same error, and after about an hour of searching for the error, I found the path to the image to be improperly defined. It solved my problem, may be it will solve yours.
I solved the porblem by using a BGR-picture. the one from my cam was YUYV by default!
I am working in Windows with Opencv 2.3.1 and Python 2.7.2, so, I had the same problem, I solved it pasting the following DLL files: opencv_ffmpeg.dll and opencv_ffmpeg_64.dll in the installation folder of Python. Maybe it help you with a similar solution in Ubuntu.
For me, like Gab Hum did, I copied opencv_ffmpeg245.dll to my python code folder. Then it works.
Check your Image Array (or NpArray),(by printing it) whether you are trying to pass an array of images at one shot instead of passing each image at once.
A single image array would look like :
[[[ 76 85 103] ... [ 76 85 103]], ... ]
Rows encloses each columns, each matrix(pixes) encloses no of rows, each image comprises of matrices (pixels).
It is always good to have a sanity check, to be sure your camera is working.
In my case my camera is
raspistill -o test.jpg

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