Develop Reference

I'm trying to download pygame but it keeps coming up with the same error (error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1)? [duplicate]

I wanted to install eventlet on my system in order to have "Herd" for software deployment.. but the terminal is showing a gcc error:
root#agrover-OptiPlex-780:~# easy_install -U eventlet
Searching for eventlet
Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/eventlet/
Reading http://wiki.secondlife.com/wiki/Eventlet
Reading http://eventlet.net
Best match: eventlet 0.9.16
Processing eventlet-0.9.16-py2.7.egg
eventlet 0.9.16 is already the active version in easy-install.pth
Using /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/eventlet-0.9.16-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for eventlet
Searching for greenlet>=0.3
Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/greenlet/
Reading https://github.com/python-greenlet/greenlet
Reading http://bitbucket.org/ambroff/greenlet
Best match: greenlet 0.3.4
Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/g/greenlet/greenlet- 0.3.4.zip#md5=530a69acebbb0d66eb5abd83523d8272
Processing greenlet-0.3.4.zip
Writing /tmp/easy_install-_aeHYm/greenlet-0.3.4/setup.cfg
Running greenlet-0.3.4/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-_aeHYm/greenlet-0.3.4/egg-dist-tmp-t9_gbW
In file included from greenlet.c:5:0:
greenlet.h:8:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
error: Setup script exited with error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1`
Why can't Python.h be found?

Your install is failing because you don't have the python development headers installed. You can do this through apt on ubuntu/debian with:
sudo apt-get install python-dev
for python3 use:
sudo apt-get install python3-dev
For eventlet you might also need the libevent libraries installed so if you get an error talking about that you can install libevent with:
sudo apt-get install libevent-dev

For Fedora:
sudo yum install python-devel
sudo yum install libevent-devel
and finally:
sudo easy_install gevent

What worked for me on CentOS was:
sudo yum -y install gcc
sudo yum install python-devel

For Redhat Versions(Centos 7) Use the below command to install Python Development Package
Python 2.7
sudo yum install python-dev
Python 3.4
sudo yum install python34-devel
Python 3.6
sudo yum install python36-devel
If the issue is still not resolved then try installing the below packages -
sudo yum install python-devel
sudo yum install openssl-devel
sudo yum install libffi-devel

On MacOS I had trouble installing fbprophet which requires pystan which requires gcc to compile. I would consistently get the same error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
I think I fixed the problem for myself thus:
I used brew install gcc to install the newest version, which ended up being gcc-8
Then I made sure that when gcc ran it would use gcc-8 instead.
It either worked because I added alias gcc='gcc-8 in my .zshrc (same as .bashrc but for zsh), or because I ran export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH (see comment)
Also: all my attempts were inside a virtual environment and I only succeeded by installing fbprophet globally (with pip), but still no success inside a venv

This is an old post but I just run to the same problem on AWS EC2 installing regex. This working perfectly for me
sudo yum -y install gcc
and next
sudo yum -y install gcc-c++

If it is still not working, you can try this
sudo apt-get install build-essential
in my case, it solved the problem.

try this :
sudo apt-get install libblas-dev libatlas-base-dev
I had a similar issue on Ubuntu 14.04. For me the following Ubuntu packages

On MacOS I also had problems trying to install fbprophet which had gcc as one of its dependencies.
After trying several steps as recommended by #Boris the command below from the Facebook Prophet project page worked for me in the end.
conda install -c conda-forge fbprophet
It installed all the needed dependencies for fbprophet. Make sure you have anaconda installed.

This page is gonna save your life, for all further lib issues that are forthcoming,
For Alpine(>=3.6), use
apk --update --upgrade add gcc musl-dev jpeg-dev zlib-dev libffi-dev cairo-dev pango-dev gdk-pixbuf-dev

For CentOS 7.2：
LSB Version: :core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description: CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
Release: 7.2.1511
Codename: Core
Install eventlet:
sudo yum install python-devel
sudo easy_install -ZU eventlet
Terminal info：
[root#localhost ~]# easy_install -ZU eventlet
Searching for eventlet
Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/eventlet/
Best match: eventlet 0.19.0
Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/5a/e8/ac80f330a80c18113df0f4f872fb741974ad2179f8c2a5e3e45f40214cef/eventlet-0.19.0.tar.gz#md5=fde857181347d5b7b921541367a99204
Processing eventlet-0.19.0.tar.gz
Running eventlet-0.19.0/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-Hh9GQY/eventlet-0.19.0/egg-dist-tmp-rBFoAx
Adding eventlet 0.19.0 to easy-install.pth file
Installed /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/eventlet-0.19.0-py2.6.egg
Processing dependencies for eventlet
Finished processing dependencies for eventlet

For openSUSE 42.1 Leap Linux use this
sudo zypper install python3-devel

I am using MacOS catalina 10.15.4. None of the posted solutions worked for me. What worked for me is:
>> xcode-select --install
xcode-select: error: command line tools are already installed, use "Software Update" to install updates
>> env LDFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib" pip install psycopg2==2.8.4
Collecting psycopg2==2.8.4
Using cached psycopg2-2.8.4.tar.gz (377 kB)
Installing collected packages: psycopg2
Attempting uninstall: psycopg2
Found existing installation: psycopg2 2.7.7
Uninstalling psycopg2-2.7.7:
Successfully uninstalled psycopg2-2.7.7
Running setup.py install for psycopg2 ... done
Successfully installed psycopg2-2.8.4
use pip3 for python3

if you are on Mac as myself, try this in your terminal: xcode-select --install
Then accept the installation request, and it works afterwards as described in this issue

Build from source and install, this is fixed in the latest release (10.3+):
mkdir -p /tmp/install/netifaces/
cd /tmp/install/netifaces && wget -O "netifaces-0.10.4.tar.gz" "https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/netifaces/netifaces-0.10.4.tar.gz#md5=36da76e2cfadd24cc7510c2c0012eb1e"
tar xvzf netifaces-0.10.4.tar.gz
cd netifaces-0.10.4 && python setup.py install

Similarly I fixed it like this (notice python34):
sudo yum install python34-devel

sudo apt install gcc
It works for PyCharm on Ubuntu 20.10.

If you are migrating to a more modern version of python3 e.g. python3.5 to python3.8 You may want to check/upgrade the versions of the library that are failing if you have already installed the recommended libraries to handle gcc building python3-dev + other libraries as suggested.
It depends on the package. Some versions of the packages may not be supported on later versions of python3.

ERROR: Could not build wheels for cryptography which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly

I get an error when pip builds wheels for the cryptography package.
Error:
LINK : fatal error LNK1181: cannot open input file 'libssl.lib'
error: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2017\\BuildTools\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.16.27023\\bin\\HostX86\\x86\\link.exe' failed with exit status 1181
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed building wheel for cryptography
Running setup.py clean for cryptography
Failed to build cryptography
ERROR: Could not build wheels for cryptography which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly
I have already installed OpenSSL and set the environment variables as suggested in this post yet the problem persists. My setup details:
System - Windows 10
Python - 3.8
Pip - 19.3.1

In my case (windows 10 + conda) updating pip fixed the problem:
python -m pip install --upgrade pip

Setting cryptography to version 2.8 in requirements.txt fixed the issue.

TLDR;
Try using cryptography==3.1.1
Details:
This happened on Python 3.9.0 on Windows 10 PC.
I had the following in requirements.txt
cryptography==2.8
I removed the version and kept only cryptography in requirements.txt file like below
cryptography
Saved the requirements.txt and then I ran
pip install -r requirements.txt
It installed successfully.
Then I freeze the requirements.txt by running the following command
pip freeze > requirements.txt
Then the requirements.txt got updated with cryptography==3.1.1

Had also this issue. If you're using alpine, make sure that all dependencies for cryptography are installed.
In my case the cargo package was missing and causing the issue.
sudo apk add gcc musl-dev python3-dev libffi-dev openssl-dev cargo
https://cryptography.io/en/latest/installation.html#building-cryptography-on-linux

Ran into this issue, and the solution is actually in the message when pip attempts to install openssl before cryptography:
generating cffi module 'build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/_openssl.c'
running build_rust
=============================DEBUG ASSISTANCE=============================
If you are seeing a compilation error please try the following steps to
successfully install cryptography:
1) Upgrade to the latest pip and try again. This will fix errors for most
users. See: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installing/#upgrading-pip
2) Read https://cryptography.io/en/latest/installation.html for specific
instructions for your platform.
3) Check our frequently asked questions for more information:
https://cryptography.io/en/latest/faq.html
4) Ensure you have a recent Rust toolchain installed:
https://cryptography.io/en/latest/installation.html#rust
5) If you are experiencing issues with Rust for *this release only* you may
set the environment variable `CRYPTOGRAPHY_DONT_BUILD_RUST=1`.
=============================DEBUG ASSISTANCE=============================
Simply running the pip update command appeared to work for me:
pip install -U pip
Which updated pip from version 18.0 to version 21.0.1

I faced this issue on macOS Monterey (version 12.2.1) Apple M1 Pro. I followed Cryptography installation documentation and it helped me resolve the issue.
brew install openssl#1.1 rust
env CRYPTOGRAPHY_SUPPRESS_LINK_FLAGS=1 LDFLAGS="$(brew --prefix openssl#1.1)/lib/libssl.a $(brew --prefix openssl#1.1)/lib/libcrypto.a" CFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix openssl#1.1)/include" pip3 install cryptography

You can use the lastest version with
python3 -m pip install --no-use-pep517 cryptography
worked for me with ubuntu:18.04 on arm32v7
(instead as suggested by the error message install the full rust compiler and build-essentials, or upgrading pip (what had no effect on ubuntu:18.04 on my armbian))

pip install --upgrade pip
Try to upgrade pip of your environment working fine for me.

I got this error trying to install Scrapy with Python 3.8.1 on Windows 10, but its solved installing the last version of pip (19.3.1 in my case) and all works using pip in this way:
python -m pip install scrapy --user

I have faced same issue and tried to install openssl with mentioned step but still was not able to proceed for windows 10. Later I upgraded pip to latest version and tried again and it worked without any issue.
I would recommend to upgrade pip to latest version and give a try before proceeding for installing openssl

I had the same issue. pip3 version was 19.* after upgrade it works
sudo -H pip3 install --upgrade pip

You can try to install cryptography==3.1.1 package instead of cryptography 35 version.
pip install cryptography==3.1.1
If still you are facing challenges in cryptography package integration.
You can resolve that by the following steps.
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
sudo pip install -U pip setuptools

I had this problem and i just installed rust and problem fixed for me
You can install end version of cryptography after installing rust programming languege(dont try pip install rust, its not python package)
https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install

Just updating pip
python -m pip install --upgrade pip

I did not install the latest version of Scrapy, then it worked for me. Instead of installing version 2.6.3, I installed 2.6.2:
pip install Scrapy==2.6.2
I use PyCharm 2022.2.3 (Professional Edition) on Windows.

mysqlclient installation failed with error code 1

Problem
I am attempting to install mysqlclient via:
$ pip install mysqlclient
I receive the following error:
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-_kwgf7vk/mysqlclient/
Background
Python version: 3.6.6
OS: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS
Virtualenv: I receive the same error both inside and outside of my virtual environment
Question
How can I successfully install mysql?

I saw a similar post somewhere else. The solution was:
sudo apt-get install python3.6-dev libmysqlclient-dev
activate the virtual environment and execute command
pip install mysqlclient
I don't know if it's gonna help but i hope it will.

As the official PyPi documentation suggests you need to have the following dependent libraries preinstalled
sudo apt-get install python-dev default-libmysqlclient-dev python3-dev
after that you could do a pip install mysqlclient

for linux mint : python3.7
$ sudo apt-get install python3.7-dev libmysqlclient-dev
$ sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
and then
$ pip install mysqlclient
https://github.com/openai/gym/issues/757

Pillow: libopenjp2.so.7: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

I have a fresh, minimal Raspbian Stretch install. I have installed the PIXEL-dekstop by running sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends xserver-xorg
and am now trying to use Pillow in Python. Pillow was installed by running sudo apt-get install pip3 and then sudo pip3 install Pillow. Whenever I try from PIL import Image I get the error ImportError: libopenjp2.so.7: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory.
I have attempted to reinstall Pillow under different versions but it does not help. I have also enabled apt-get sources in /etc/apt/sources.txt and ran sudo apt-get build-dep python-imaging, which also did not help. Any help is appreciated.
Python version: 3.5.3, current Pillow version: 4.3.0

What worked for me was running :
sudo apt-get install libopenjp2-7
Good Luck!

Can't install PIL after Mac OS X 10.9

I've just updated my Mac OS to 10.9 and I discovered that some (all?) of my Python modules are not here anymore, especially the Image one.
So I try to execute sudo pip install pil, but I get this error:
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/include/tk.h:78:11: fatal error: 'X11/Xlib.h' file not found
# include <X11/Xlib.h>
^
1 error generated.
error: command 'cc' failed with exit status 1
My Xcode is up-to-date and I don't have any idea. Is it possible that PIL is not yet 10.9 compatible ?

Following worked for me:
ln -s /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Headers/X11 /usr/local/include/X11
sudo pip install pil
UPDATE:
But there is more correct solution below, provided by Will.
open your terminal and execute:
xcode-select --install

open your terminal and execute:
xcode-select --install

sudo ln -s /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.8.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Headers/X11/ /usr/local/include/X11
helps for me!
os x 10.9
pip install pillow
but! after pip install ...
*** ZLIB (PNG/ZIP) support not available
and finally i fix it by running:
xcode-select --install
then reinstall pillow
pip install pillow
PIL SETUP SUMMARY
--------------------------------------------------------------------
version Pillow 2.2.1
platform darwin 2.7.5 (default, Aug 25 2013, 00:04:04)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 5.0 (clang-500.0.68)]
--------------------------------------------------------------------
--- TKINTER support available
--- JPEG support available
--- ZLIB (PNG/ZIP) support available
--- TIFF G3/G4 (experimental) support available
--- FREETYPE2 support available
--- LITTLECMS support available
--- WEBP support available
--- WEBPMUX support available
--------------------------------------------------------------------

Works for me ( OS X Yosemite 10.10.2 - Python 2.7.9 ) :
xcode-select --install
sudo pip install pillow
Try this to check it:
from PIL import Image
image = Image.open("file.jpg")
image.show()

Here is what I did, some steps may not be necessary just for PIL but I needed libpng and others anyways:
1) Run xcode install, use this command or download updates from the app store:
xcode-select --install
1b) Add the Command Line Tools optional tool, in Mountain Lion this was an option on the xcode Download page, but now you have to register with your apple id and download from: https://developer.apple.com/downloads/
Look for Command Line Tools (OS X Mavericks) for Xcode
2) Install everything needed for python (using brew), I believe you can use port as well:
brew install readline sqlite gdbm
brew install python --universal --framework
brew install libpng jpeg freetype
Unlink/ relink if needed i.e. if upgrading.
3) Install Pip and required modules:
easy_install pip
sudo pip install setuptools --no-use-wheel --upgrade
4) Finally this works with no errors:
sudo pip install Pillow
UPDATE 11/04/14: PIL repo no longer receives updates or support so Pillow should be used. The below is now deprecated so stick with Pillow.
sudo pip install pil --allow-external pil --allow-unverified pil
UPDATE (OLD) : The same thing applies when installing Pillow (PIL fork) and should be mentioned as its quickly becoming a replacement in most cases of PIL. Instead of installing pip in step 4, run this instead:
sudo pip install Pillow
Hope this helps someone!

installing command line tools fixed the issue for me
you have to install them separately as they are not part of the packages in xcode now:
https://developer.apple.com/downloads/index.action?=command%20line%20tools#

Non of those worked for me.. I kept receiving:
clang: error: unknown argument: '-mno-fused-madd' [-Wunused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future]
clang: note: this will be a hard error (cannot be downgraded to a warning) in the future
error: command 'cc' failed with exit status 1
So I found a work around with the following solution:
sudo export CFLAGS=-Qunused-arguments
sudo export CPPFLAGS=-Qunused-arguments
sudo pip install PIL --allow-external PIL --allow-unverified PIL
This way I was able to install.

I had a similar problem: Installing pillow failed with clang: error: unknown argument: '-mno-fused-madd' [-Wunused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future], installing command line tools failed with Can't install the software because it is not currently available from the Software Update server., and even after installing the command line tools manually, the compilation of PIL failed.
This happens cause clang under the newest version of xcode doesn't warn on unknown compiler flags, but rather stop the compilation with a hard error.
To fix this, just run export ARCHFLAGS="-Wno-error=unused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future" on the terminal before trying to compile (installing pil).

Simply run
pip install pil --allow-external pil --allow-unverified pil

This my steps on mac os 10.9.1
1. sudo su
2. easy_install pip
3. xcode-select --install
4. pip install --no-index -f http://dist.plone.org/thirdparty/ -U PIL

You could use Homebrew to do the install http://brew.sh
brew tap Homebrew/python
brew install pillow

Make sure you have Command Line Tools installed on your xcode. Then execute:
sudo pip install pil --allow-external pil --allow-unverified pil

I was having the following error
building 'PIL._imagingft' extension
_imagingft.c:62:10: fatal error: 'freetype/fterrors.h' file not found
#include <freetype/fterrors.h>
^
1 error generated.
error: command 'cc' failed with exit status 1
The solution to this was to symlink freetype2 to freetype and this solved the problem.

I didn't want to install XCode (I don't use it) and I'm loath to fiddle with Application directory. I've cribbed from the many answers in this post and the following two steps work for me with 10.9.5:
sudo easy_install pip
sudo pip install pillow
It did appear to me strange that I had to use easy_install to install pip. But pip didn't want to work for me before that (re-)install.

Found the solution ... You've to symlink X11 like this ln -s /opt/X11/include/X11 /usr/local/include/X11 and then sudo pip install pil should work.

Reusing #DmitryDemidenko's answer that is how it worked for me:
ln -s /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Headers/X11 /usr/local/include/X11
and then
sudo pip install -U PIL --allow-external PIL --allow-unverified PIL

Execute the bellow command lines. Works like a charm on Mac OS 10.9.5
easy_install pip
sudo pip install setuptools --no-use-wheel --upgrade
sudo pip install Pillow
Best,
Theo

That's what I did:
First upgrade to Xcode 5 (I am running 10.9). Then, execute the following commands in a terminal:
$ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk
$ ln -s /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Headers/X11 usr/include/

A more complete solution requires the installation of the Xquartz X11 subsystem that has been built outside of Apple for several years now. Here are the steps I used to get it all working
Install XQuartz from http://xquartz.macosforge.org/landing/
Run sudo pip install pillow

As the accepted answer is the right one with xcode-select --install but some people (including me) may encounter Can't install the software because it is not currently available from the Software Update server
If you are using beta software (as I am using Yosemite now and had the same problem) you NEED to get the CLT separately since it is NOT included in XCode (even xcode beta)
Head over to developers.apple.com and get CLT tools for your OS ;)
P.S. You don't need XQuartz for PIL or Pillow to work

My machine which was recently upgraded from OS 10.8 -> 10.9 got stuck in a loop between xcrun and lipo.
Rename /usr/bin/lipo to /usr/bin/lipo_broken
Refer to this thread for further information on how to resolve:
xcrun/lipo freezes with OS X Mavericks and XCode 4.x

Install Pillow instead:
sudo pip install pillow

ln -s /usr/local/include/freetype2 /usr/local/include/freetype
sudo ARCHFLAGS=-Wno-error=unused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future pip install pil

Try this:
ln -s /usr/local/include/freetype2 /usr/local/include/freetype

sudo pip uninstall pillow
pip install pillow
worked for me. I'm running Python 2.7.9 on Yosemite.import PIL now works for me.

Installing PIL (Imaging.1.1.7) on Mac OSC 10.10 Yosemite. I tried numerous fixes recommended here but ran into trouble with each one. I finally solved this problem by editing the setup.py file such that:
TCL_ROOT = "/opt/X11/include"
which passes the appropriate include path for X11 in the compilation of _imagingtk.c, which was causing the problem for me. Worked immediately after change.

I've moved from pyenv to virtualenv and this fixed my problem.

ln -s /opt/X11/include/X11 /usr/local/include/X11
pip install pil without sudo