Appengine Python DevServer Module Background Thread 500 Error - python

I'm on version 1.9.9 of the SDK and I'm having issues with the devserver. I have a manually scaled module with 1 instance. I created a webapp2.RequestHandler for /_ah/start. In that handler I start a background thread. When I run my app in the devserver, the _ah/start handler returns a 200, but /_ah/background will randomly return 500 errors for a while. After sometime (usually a minute or two, but sometimes more), the 500 errors stop, but will randomly occur again every few hours. It also seems that everytime I open a new browser tab (Chrome), I get the same error. Anyone know what could be causing this?
Here is the RequestHandler for /_ah/start:
class StartupHandler(webapp2.RequestHandler):
def get(self):
runtime.set_shutdown_hook(shutdown_hook)
global foo
if foo is None:
foo = Foo()
background_thread.start_new_background_thread(do_foo, [])
self.response.http_status_message(200)
Here is the 500 error:
ERROR 2014-08-18 07:39:36,256 module.py:717] Request to '/_ah/background' failed
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "\appengine\tools\devappserver2\module.py", line 694, in _handle_request
environ, wrapped_start_response)
File "\appengine\tools\devappserver2\request_rewriter.py", line 311, in _rewriter_middleware
response_body = iter(application(environ, wrapped_start_response))
File "\appengine\tools\devappserver2\module.py", line 1672, in _handle_script_request
request_type)
File "\appengine\tools\devappserver2\module.py", line 1624, in _handle_instance_request
request_id, request_type)
File "\appengine\tools\devappserver2\instance.py", line 382, in handle
request_type))
File "\appengine\tools\devappserver2\http_proxy.py", line 190, in handle
response = connection.getresponse()
File "E:\Programing\Python27\lib\httplib.py", line 1030, in getresponse
response.begin()
File "E:\Programing\Python27\lib\httplib.py", line 407, in begin
version, status, reason = self._read_status()
File "E:\Programing\Python27\lib\httplib.py", line 365, in _read_status
line = self.fp.readline()
File "E:\Programing\Python27\lib\socket.py", line 430, in readline
data = recv(1)
error: [Errno 10054] An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host
INFO 2014-08-18 07:39:36,257 module.py:1890] Waiting for instances to restart
INFO 2014-08-18 07:39:36,262 module.py:642] lease: "GET /_ah/background HTTP/1.1" 500 -

Well this might be not the answer , but how long will it take to complete a specific task to assign to a backend? Seems like an issue with concurrency

Looks like the issue (as far as I can currently tell) is that I'm using PyCharm, which synchronizes the project's files when its window is entered or exited. This rewrites the project files even if there are no changes, which causes the devserver to restart all instances, leading to the 500 errors.
More info on PyCharm Synchronization
Link to issue at PyCharm

Related

Querying on mysql docker container via python, throwing timeout error after few hours

Inserting via debezium connector to mysql database brought up via docker container.
Trying to query and it is working fine until some number of hours. But, after that, same query is throwing below exception.
export JAVA_HOME=/tmp/tests/artifacts/java-17/jdk-17; export PATH=$PATH:/tmp/tests/artifacts/java-17/jdk-17/bin; docker exec -i mysql_be1e6a mysql --user=demo --password=demo -D demo -e "select count(k) from test_cdc_f0bf84 where uuid = 'd1e5cd6d-8f7a-457c-b2ea-880c2be52f69'"
2023-01-02 16:27:43,812:ERROR: failed to execute query MySQL rows count by uuid:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/ubuntu/workspace/stress_tests/run_test_with_universe/src/env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/paramiko/channel.py", line 699, in recv
out = self.in_buffer.read(nbytes, self.timeout)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/ubuntu/workspace/stress_tests/run_test_with_universe/src/env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/paramiko/buffered_pipe.py", line 164, in read
raise PipeTimeout()
paramiko.buffered_pipe.PipeTimeout
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/ubuntu/workspace/stress_tests/run_test_with_universe/src/suites/cdc/abstract.py", line 667, in try_query
res = query_function()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/ubuntu/workspace/stress_tests/run_test_with_universe/src/suites/cdc/test_cdc.py", line 635, in <lambda>
query = lambda: self.mysql_query(
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/ubuntu/workspace/stress_tests/run_test_with_universe/src/suites/cdc/abstract.py", line 544, in mysql_query
result = self.ssh.exec_on_host(host, [
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/ubuntu/workspace/stress_tests/run_test_with_universe/src/main/connection.py", line 335, in exec_on_host
return self._exec_on_host(host, commands, fetch, timeout=timeout, limit_output=limit_output)[host]
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/ubuntu/workspace/stress_tests/run_test_with_universe/src/main/connection.py", line 321, in _exec_on_host
res = list(out)
^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/ubuntu/workspace/stress_tests/run_test_with_universe/src/env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/paramiko/file.py", line 125, in __next__
line = self.readline()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/ubuntu/workspace/stress_tests/run_test_with_universe/src/env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/paramiko/file.py", line 291, in readline
new_data = self._read(n)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/ubuntu/workspace/stress_tests/run_test_with_universe/src/env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/paramiko/channel.py", line 1361, in _read
return self.channel.recv(size)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/ubuntu/workspace/stress_tests/run_test_with_universe/src/env/lib/python3.11/site-packages/paramiko/channel.py", line 701, in recv
raise socket.timeout()
TimeoutError
After some time, logged manually to machine and tried to read, it still reads fine. Not sure, what does this issue mean.
As explained, tried querying from database via python. Expected it will return count of rows, which it was happening until certain time, but after that, it threw timeout error and socket error.
Trying to query and it is working fine until some number of hours. But, after that, same query is throwing below exception.
The default value for interactive_timeout and wait_timeout is 28880 seconds (8 hours). you can disable this behavior by setting this system variable to zero in your MySQL config.
source: Configuring session timeouts

403 Forbidden when connecting to S3 bucket in AWS Cloud using Toil

I am a newbie in Toil and AWS trying to run HelloWorld.py example in the Toil Document. I have already successfully installed toil and related python packages on my local mac laptop and have setup my account at AWS. I have created a small leader/worker cluster
$ cgcloud create-cluster toil -s 2 -t m3.large
and started it:
$ cgcloud ssh toil-leader
This changed my screen prompt to:
mesosbox#ip-172-31-25-135:~$
Then from an other window on my mac, I started the Toil HellowWorld example with with command:
$ python2.7 HelloWorld.py --batchSystem=mesos --mesosMaster=mesos-master:5050 aws:us-west-2:my-aws-jobstore
And I got the following output:
Apples-Air 2017-06-02 19:30:53,524 MainThread INFO toil.lib.bioio: Root logger is at level 'INFO', 'toil' logger at level 'INFO'.
Apples-Air 2017-06-02 19:30:53,524 MainThread INFO toil.lib.bioio: Root logger is at level 'INFO', 'toil' logger at level 'INFO'.
Apples-Air 2017-06-02 19:30:54,852 MainThread WARNING toil.jobStores.aws.jobStore: Exception during panic
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/toil/jobStores/aws/jobStore.py", line 209, in initialize
self.destroy()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/toil/jobStores/aws/jobStore.py", line 1334, in destroy
self._bind(create=False, block=False)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/toil/jobStores/aws/jobStore.py", line 241, in _bind
versioning=True)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/toil/jobStores/aws/jobStore.py", line 721, in _bindBucket
bucket = self.s3.get_bucket(bucket_name, validate=True)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/boto/s3/connection.py", line 502, in get_bucket
return self.head_bucket(bucket_name, headers=headers)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/boto/s3/connection.py", line 535, in head_bucket
raise err
S3ResponseError: S3ResponseError: 403 Forbidden
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "helloWorld.py", line 22, in <module>
print(Job.Runner.startToil(j, options)) #Prints Hello, world!, ….
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/toil/job.py", line 740, in startToil
with Toil(options) as toil:
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/toil/common.py", line 614, in __enter__
jobStore.initialize(config)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/toil/jobStores/aws/jobStore.py", line 209, in initialize
self.destroy()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/toil/jobStores/aws/jobStore.py", line 206, in initialize
self._bind(create=True)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/toil/jobStores/aws/jobStore.py", line 241, in _bind
versioning=True)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/toil/jobStores/aws/jobStore.py", line 721, in _bindBucket
bucket = self.s3.get_bucket(bucket_name, validate=True)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/boto/s3/connection.py", line 502, in get_bucket
return self.head_bucket(bucket_name, headers=headers)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/boto/s3/connection.py", line 535, in head_bucket
raise err
boto.exception.S3ResponseError: S3ResponseError: 403 Forbidden
Please help.
Thanks.
---John
I realize that this answer is a little late. One problem I notice is with the mesosMaster argument.
Instead, your command should have look like
python2.7 HelloWorld.py --batchSystem=mesos --mesosMaster=172.31.25.135:5050 aws:us-west-2:my-aws-jobstore
Notice that I replaces mesos-master with the actual IP address from
mesosbox#ip-172-31-25-135:~$
Hopefully in the future, one will not need to pass this argument at all, however this is not yet implemented as of 26 July 2017.
Also for further problems with Toil you will probably have better luck posting a new issue to the Toil Github page.

Python script suddenly throwing timeout exceptions

I have a Python script that downloads product feeds from multiple affiliates in different ways. This didn't give me any problems until last Wednesday, when it started throwing all kinds of timeout exceptions from different locations.
Examples: Here I connect with a FTP service:
ftp = FTP(host=self.host)
threw:
Exception in thread Thread-7:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python27\Lib\threading.py", line 810, in __bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "C:\Python27\Lib\threading.py", line 763, in run
self.__target(*self.__args, **self.__kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\Crawler\src\Crawlers\LDLC.py", line 23, in main
ftp = FTP(host=self.host)
File "C:\Python27\Lib\ftplib.py", line 120, in __init__
self.connect(host)
File "C:\Python27\Lib\ftplib.py", line 138, in connect
self.welcome = self.getresp()
File "C:\Python27\Lib\ftplib.py", line 215, in getresp
resp = self.getmultiline()
File "C:\Python27\Lib\ftplib.py", line 201, in getmultiline
line = self.getline()
File "C:\Python27\Lib\ftplib.py", line 186, in getline
line = self.file.readline(self.maxline + 1)
File "C:\Python27\Lib\socket.py", line 476, in readline
data = self._sock.recv(self._rbufsize)
timeout: timed out
Or downloading an XML File :
xmlFile = urllib.URLopener()
xmlFile.retrieve(url, self.feedPath + affiliate + "/" + website + '.' + fileType)
xmlFile.close()
throws:
File "C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\Crawler\src\Crawlers\FeedCrawler.py", line 106, in save
xmlFile.retrieve(url, self.feedPath + affiliate + "/" + website + '.' + fileType)
File "C:\Python27\Lib\urllib.py", line 240, in retrieve
fp = self.open(url, data)
File "C:\Python27\Lib\urllib.py", line 208, in open
return getattr(self, name)(url)
File "C:\Python27\Lib\urllib.py", line 346, in open_http
errcode, errmsg, headers = h.getreply()
File "C:\Python27\Lib\httplib.py", line 1139, in getreply
response = self._conn.getresponse()
File "C:\Python27\Lib\httplib.py", line 1067, in getresponse
response.begin()
File "C:\Python27\Lib\httplib.py", line 409, in begin
version, status, reason = self._read_status()
File "C:\Python27\Lib\httplib.py", line 365, in _read_status
line = self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1)
File "C:\Python27\Lib\socket.py", line 476, in readline
data = self._sock.recv(self._rbufsize)
IOError: [Errno socket error] timed out
These are just two examples but there are other methods, like authenticate or other API specific methods where my script throws these timeout errors. It never showed this behavior until Wednesday. Also, it starts throwing them at random times. Sometimes at the beginning of the crawl, sometimes later on. My script has this behavior on both my server and my local machine. I've been struggling with it for two days now but can't seem to figure it out.
This is what I know might have caused this:
On Wednesday one affiliate script broke down with the following error:
URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:581)>
I didn't change anything to my script but suddenly it stopped crawling that affiliate and threw that error all the time where I tried to authenticate. I looked it up and found that is was due to an OpenSSL error (where did that come from). I fixed it by adding the following before the authenticate method:
if hasattr(ssl, '_create_unverified_context'):
ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
Little did I know, this was just the start of my problems... At that same time, I changed from Python 2.7.8 to Python 2.7.9. It seems that this is the moment that everything broke down and started throwing timeouts.
I tried changing my script in endless ways but nothing worked and like I said, it's not just one method that throws it. Also I switched back to Python 2.7.8, but this didn't do the trick either. Basically everything that makes a request to an external source can throw an error.
Final note: My script is multi threaded. It downloads product feeds from different affiliates at the same time. It used to run 10 threads per affiliate without a problem. Now I tried lowering it to 3 per affiliate, but it still throws these errors. Setting it to 1 is no option because that will take ages. I don't think that's the problem anyway because it used to work fine.
What could be wrong?

Catching bottle server errors

I am trying to get my bottle server so that when one person in a game logs out, everyone can immediately see it. As I am using long polling, there is a request open with all the users.
The bit I am having trouble with is catching the exception that is thrown when the user leaves the page from the long polling that can no longer connect to the page. The error message is here.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gevent/pywsgi.py", line 438, in handle_one_response
self.run_application()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gevent/pywsgi.py", line 425, in run_application
self.process_result()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gevent/pywsgi.py", line 416, in process_result
self.write(data)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gevent/pywsgi.py", line 373, in write
self.socket.sendall(msg)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gevent/socket.py", line 509, in sendall
data_sent += self.send(_get_memory(data, data_sent), flags)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gevent/socket.py", line 483, in send
return sock.send(data, flags)
error: [Errno 32] Broken pipe
<WSGIServer fileno=3 address=0.0.0.0:8080>: Failed to handle request:
request = GET /refreshlobby/1 HTTP/1.1 from ('127.0.0.1', 53331)
application = <bottle.Bottle object at 0x7f9c05672750>
127.0.0.1 - - [2013-07-07 10:59:30] "GET /refreshlobby/1 HTTP/1.1" 200 160 6.038377
The function to handle that page is this.
#route('/refreshlobby/<id>')
def refreshlobby(id):
while True:
yield lobby.refresh()
gevent.sleep(1)
I tried catching the exception within the function, and in a decorator which I put to wrap #route, neither of which worked. I tried making an #error(500) decorator, but that didn't trigger, either. It seems that this is to do with the internals of bottle.
Edit: I know now that I need to be catching socket.error, but I don't know whereabouts in my code
The WSGI runner
Look closely at the traceback: this in not happening in your function, but in the WSGI runner.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gevent/pywsgi.py", line 438, in handle_one_response
self.run_application()
The way the WSGI runner works, in your case, is:
Receives a request
Gets a partial response from your code
Sends it to the client (this is where the exception is raised)
Repeats steps 2-3
You can't catch this exception
This error is not raised in your code.
It happens when you try to send a response to a client that closed the connection.
You'll therefore not be able to catch this error from within your code.
Alternate solutions
Unfortunately, it's not possible to tell from within the generator (your code) when it stops being consumed.
It's also not a good idea to rely on your generator being garbage collected.
You have a couple other solutions.
"Last seen"
Another way to know when an user disconnects would probably be to record a "last seen", after your yield statement.
You'll be able to identify clients that disconnected if their last seen is far in the past.
Other runner
Another, non-WSGI runner, will be more appropriate for a realtime application. You could give tornado a try.

dev-server HTTP Error 403: Forbidden

After updating from 1.7.5 (where everything worked fine) I'm getting a HTTP Error 403: Forbidden when trying to open any sites via localhost. Strange thing is I have pretty much the same setup at home as here at work and everything works there... Might be an issue with proxy server we're using at work, since that's the only difference I can think of? Here's the error log I'm getting, so if anyone knows what's going on please help (;
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "U:\Dev\GAE\lib\cherrypy\cherrypy\wsgiserver\wsgiserver2.py", line 1302, in communicate
req.respond()
File "U:\Dev\GAE\lib\cherrypy\cherrypy\wsgiserver\wsgiserver2.py", line 831, in respond
self.server.gateway(self).respond()
File "U:\Dev\GAE\lib\cherrypy\cherrypy\wsgiserver\wsgiserver2.py", line 2115, in respond
response = self.req.server.wsgi_app(self.env, self.start_response)
File "U:\Dev\GAE\google\appengine\tools\devappserver2\wsgi_server.py", line 246, in __call__
return app(environ, start_response)
File "U:\Dev\GAE\google\appengine\tools\devappserver2\request_rewriter.py", line 311, in _rewriter_middleware
response_body = iter(application(environ, wrapped_start_response))
File "U:\Dev\GAE\google\appengine\tools\devappserver2\python\request_handler.py", line 89, in __call__
self._flush_logs(response.get('logs', []))
File "U:\Dev\GAE\google\appengine\tools\devappserver2\python\request_handler.py", line 220, in _flush_logs
apiproxy_stub_map.MakeSyncCall('logservice', 'Flush', request, response)
File "U:\Dev\GAE\google\appengine\api\apiproxy_stub_map.py", line 94, in MakeSyncCall
return stubmap.MakeSyncCall(service, call, request, response)
File "U:\Dev\GAE\google\appengine\api\apiproxy_stub_map.py", line 320, in MakeSyncCall
rpc.CheckSuccess()
File "U:\Dev\GAE\google\appengine\api\apiproxy_rpc.py", line 156, in _WaitImpl
self.request, self.response)
File "U:\Dev\GAE\google\appengine\ext\remote_api\remote_api_stub.py", line 200, in MakeSyncCall
self._MakeRealSyncCall(service, call, request, response)
File "U:\Dev\GAE\google\appengine\ext\remote_api\remote_api_stub.py", line 226, in _MakeRealSyncCall
encoded_response = self._server.Send(self._path, encoded_request)
File "U:\Dev\GAE\google\appengine\tools\appengine_rpc.py", line 393, in Send
f = self.opener.open(req)
File "U:\Dev\Python\lib\urllib2.py", line 410, in open
response = meth(req, response)
File "U:\Dev\Python\lib\urllib2.py", line 523, in http_response
'http', request, response, code, msg, hdrs)
File "U:\Dev\Python\lib\urllib2.py", line 448, in error
return self._call_chain(*args)
File "U:\Dev\Python\lib\urllib2.py", line 382, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "U:\Dev\Python\lib\urllib2.py", line 531, in http_error_default
raise HTTPError(req.get_full_url(), code, msg, hdrs, fp)
HTTPError: HTTP Error 403: Forbidden
INFO 2013-04-19 12:28:52,576 server.py:561] default: "GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 -
INFO 2013-04-19 12:28:52,619 server.py:561] default: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 304 -
Also, the launcher throws an error when closing:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "launcher\mainframe.pyc", line 327, in OnStop
File "launcher\taskcontroller.pyc", line 167, in Stop
File "launcher\dev_appserver_task_thread.pyc", line 82, in stop
File "launcher\taskthread.pyc", line 107, in stop
File "launcher\platform.pyc", line 397, in KillProcess
pywintypes.error: (5, 'TerminateProcess', 'Access is denied.')
I had this very same issue with my MacOSX when using a proxy server using Google App Engine Launcher 1.8.6. Apparently there's an issue with "proxy_bypass" on "urllib2.py".
There are two possible solutions:
Downgrade to 1.7.5, but, who wants to downgrade?
Edit "[GAE Instalattion path]/google/appengine/tools/appengine_rpc.py" and look for the line that says
opener.add_handler(fancy_urllib.FancyProxyHandler())
In my computer it was line 578, and then put a hash (#) at the beginning of the line, like this:
`#opener.add_handler(fancy_urllib.FancyProxyHandler())`
Save the file, stop and then restart your application. Now dev_appserver.py shouldn't try to use any proxy server at all.
If your application uses any external resources like a SOAP Webservice or something like that and you can't reach the server without the proxy server, then you'll have to downgrade. Please keep in mind that external javascript files (like facebook SDK or similar) are loaded from your browser, not from your application.
Since I'm not using any external REST or SOAP services it worked for me!
Hopefully it will work for you as well.
Try either:
-Accessing it through a different proxy. I.E a . proxy within a proxy
-Accessing it through your local IP i.e 192.168.1.1
I faced the same issue with version 1.9.5. Seems that the API proxy is sending some RPCs to the proxy server, which are then being rejected with HTTP 403 (since proxy servers are generally configured to reject connection attempts to arbitrary ports). In my case I was using the urlfetch module in my app to access external web pages, so disabling the proxy server was not a choice for me.
This is how I worked around the issue some time back (most probably it was based on comments found under this issue, but I cannot remember the exact sources).
NOTE:
For this approach to work, you'll have to know the hostname/IP address and default port of your proxy server, and change them appropriately in the code if you happen to connect to a different proxy server.
When you are not behind the proxy server, you will have to revert the applied changes in order to return to a working state (if you want internet access inside your app).
Here it goes:
Disable proxy settings for the Python (Google App Engine Launcher) environment in some way. (In my case it was easy since I was launching the dev_appserver.py from a Terminal shell (on Linux), and the unset http_proxy and unset https_proxy commands did the trick.)
Edit {App Engine SDK root}/google/appengine/api/urlfetch_stub.py. Find the code block
if _CONNECTION_SUPPORTS_TIMEOUT:
connection = connection_class(host, timeout=deadline)
else:
connection = connection_class(host)
(lines 376-379 in my case) and replace it with:
if _CONNECTION_SUPPORTS_TIMEOUT:
if host[:9] == 'localhost' or host[:9] == '127.0.0.1':
connection = connection_class(host, timeout=deadline)
else:
connection = connection_class('your_proxy_host_goes_here', your_proxy_port_number_goes_here, timeout=deadline)
else:
if host[:9] == 'localhost' or host[:9] == '127.0.0.1':
connection = connection_class(host)
else:
connection = connection_class('your_proxy_host_goes_here', your_proxy_port_number_goes_here)
replacing the placeholders your_proxy_host_goes_here and your_proxy_port_number_goes_here with appropriate values.
(I believe this code can be written more elegantly, though... any Python geeks out there? :) )
In my case, I also had to delete the existing compiled file urlfetch_stub.pyc (located in the same directory as urlfetch_stub.py) because the SDK didn't seem to pick up the changes until I did so.
Now you can use dev_appserver to launch your app, and use urlfetch-backed services within the app, free from HTTP 403 errors.

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