Develop Reference

Dynamically naming saved dataframes in loop

I'm attempting to use the GTab package to query Google Search trends data for every state in the US, but am having some trouble getting my loop to work.
For one state it's easy enough to do this, and new_query produces a dataframe.
t = gtab.GTAB()
t.set_options(pytrends_config={"geo": "US-NY", "timeframe": "2020-09-01 2020-10-01"})
query = t.new_query("weather")
To loop through I'm trying to use a dict to assign geo dynamically. However, I can't figure out how to do the same for the df name (query).
state_abbrevs = {
'Alabama': 'AL',
'Alaska': 'AK',
'Arizona': 'AZ',
'Arkansas': 'AR',
'California': 'CA',
'Colorado': 'CO',
'Connecticut': 'CT',
'Delaware': 'DE',
'District of Columbia': 'DC',
'Florida': 'FL',
'Georgia': 'GA',
'Guam': 'GU',
'Hawaii': 'HI',
'Idaho': 'ID',
'Illinois': 'IL',
'Indiana': 'IN',
'Iowa': 'IA',
'Kansas': 'KS',
'Kentucky': 'KY',
'Louisiana': 'LA',
'Maine': 'ME',
'Maryland': 'MD',
'Massachusetts': 'MA',
'Michigan': 'MI',
'Minnesota': 'MN',
'Mississippi': 'MS',
'Missouri': 'MO',
'Montana': 'MT',
'Nebraska': 'NE',
'Nevada': 'NV',
'New Hampshire': 'NH',
'New Jersey': 'NJ',
'New Mexico': 'NM',
'New York': 'NY',
'North Carolina': 'NC',
'North Dakota': 'ND',
'Northern Mariana Islands':'MP',
'Ohio': 'OH',
'Oklahoma': 'OK',
'Oregon': 'OR',
'Pennsylvania': 'PA',
'Puerto Rico': 'PR',
'Rhode Island': 'RI',
'South Carolina': 'SC',
'South Dakota': 'SD',
'Tennessee': 'TN',
'Texas': 'TX',
'Utah': 'UT',
'Vermont': 'VT',
'Virgin Islands': 'VI',
'Virginia': 'VA',
'Washington': 'WA',
'Washington DC' : 'DC',
'West Virginia': 'WV',
'Wisconsin': 'WI',
'Wyoming': 'WY'
}
for v in state_abbrevs.values():
t = gtab.GTAB()
t.set_options(pytrends_config={"geo": f"US-{v}", "timeframe": "2020-09-01 2020-10-01"})
query = t.new_query("weather")
I've tried using an f string but that produces SyntaxError: can't assign to literal.

I used two answers from here. I think your best option is just storing the DataFrames in a dictionary but this should work to create your query_* variables.
query_dict = {}
for n, v in enumerate(state_abbrevs.values()):
t = gtab.GTAB()
t.set_options(pytrends_config={"geo": f"US-{v}", "timeframe": "2020-09-01 2020-10-01"})
query = t.new_query("weather")
key = "query_" + str(n)
query_dict[key] = query
for k in query_dict.keys():
exec("%s = query_dict['%s']" % (k,k))

Automate The Boring Stuff: Random Quiz Generator

I have been following an example program from a tutorial book, the program is to take a dictionary with all 50 US states in and their capitals and then to create a random set of multiple choice A-D questions, these questions are then to be randomised and 3 different quizzes printed out into 3 different files. The answers for all the questions for each quiz are then to be printed out into an answers file to go with each questions file.
As a test I'm only doing it with a range of 5 for now. When I run the program the program works as intended except only 25 question/answer combos are created for each test, rather than 50.
I have checked it a few times and can't figure out why this is. Any input would be greatly appreciated, thanks.
# randomQuizGenerator.py - Creates quizzes with questions and answers in
# random order, along with the answer key.
import random
capitals = {'Alabama': 'Montgomery', 'Alaska': 'Juneau', 'Arizona': 'Phoenix',
'Arkansas': 'Little Rock', 'California': 'Sacramento', 'Colorado': 'Denver',
'Connecticut': 'Hartford', 'Delaware': 'Dover', 'Florida': 'Tallahassee',
'Georgia': 'Atlanta', 'Hawaii': 'Honolulu', 'Idaho': 'Boise', 'Illinois':
'Springfield', 'Indiana': 'Indianapolis', 'Iowa': 'Des Moines', 'Kansas':
'Topeka', 'Kentucky': 'Frankfort', 'Louisiana': 'Baton Rouge', 'Maine':
'Augusta', 'Maryland': 'Annapolis', 'Massachusetts': 'Boston', 'Michigan':
'Lansing', 'Minnesota': 'Saint Paul', 'Mississippi': 'Jackson', 'Missouri':
'Jefferson City', 'Montana': 'Helena', 'Nebraska': 'Lincoln', 'Nevada':
'Carson City', 'New Hampshire': 'Concord', 'New Jersey': 'Trenton',
'New Mexico': 'Santa Fe', 'New York': 'Albany', 'North Carolina': 'Raleigh',
'North Dakota': 'Bismarck', 'Ohio': 'Columbus', 'Oklahoma': 'Oklahoma City',
'Oregon': 'Salem', 'Pennsylvania': 'Harrisburg', 'Rhode Island': 'Providence',
'South Carolina': 'Columbia', 'South Dakota': 'Pierre', 'Tennessee':
'Nashville', 'Texas': 'Austin', 'Utah': 'Salt Lake City', 'Vermont':
'Montpelier', 'Virginia': 'Richmond', 'Washington': 'Olympia',
'West Virginia': 'Charleston', 'Wisconsin': 'Madison', 'Wyoming': 'Cheyenne'}
# Generate 5 quiz files.
for quizNum in range(5):
# Create the quiz and answer key files.
quizFile = open('capitalsquiz%s.txt' % (quizNum+1), 'w')
answerFile = open('capitalsquiz_answers%s.txt' % (quizNum+1), 'w')
# Write out the header for the quiz.
quizFile.write('Capitals Quiz #%s' % (quizNum+1) + '\nName:\nDate:\n\n')
quizFile.write('What is the capital of:\n')
answerFile.write('Capitals Quiz %s' % (quizNum+1) + '\n\n')
# Shuffle the order of the states.
states = list(capitals.keys())
random.shuffle(states)
# Loop through all 50 states, making a question for each.
# set question number = 0
q_num = 0
for st in states:
# question number increase
q_num += 1
random.shuffle(states)
# unused needed for choosing 3 incorrect options
unusedStates = states
# write question number and state name (QUESTION)
quizFile.write('Q%s: ' % q_num + st + '?\n')
# create answer options list and fill with 1 correct answer + 3 incorrect ones
answerOptions = [None] * 3
answerOptions.append(capitals[st])
# remove correct answer to avoid duplication
unusedStates.remove(st)
for Opt in range(0, 3):
curr_ans = unusedStates[Opt]
answerOptions[Opt] = capitals[curr_ans]
# randomise answer list
random.shuffle(answerOptions)
# write answers
for i in range(0, 4):
quizFile.write(answerOptions[i]+' ')
quizFile.write('\n')
# write correct answer in answer file
answerFile.write(capitals[st]+'\n')
quizFile.close()
answerFile.close()

The reason it's happening is because you are modifying your collection while iterating over it:
states = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
for st in states:
print(st)
states.remove(st)
This snippet will print out:
1
3
5
7
9
What you have tried is:
unusedStates = states
unusedStates.remove(st)
but this will not copy the list. It will just create another name for the same list.
Here is a slightly changed version, but I am by no means a "Python pro".
import random
capitals = {'Alabama': 'Montgomery', 'Alaska': 'Juneau', 'Arizona': 'Phoenix',
'Arkansas': 'Little Rock', 'California': 'Sacramento', 'Colorado': 'Denver',
'Connecticut': 'Hartford'}
states = list(capitals.keys())
random.shuffle(states)
# Loop through all 50 states, making a question for each.
for idx, state in enumerate(states):
# use this for 1-based humans
q_num = idx + 1
# the 49 other states
other_states = states[:idx] + states[idx+1:]
# pick 3 states (guaranteed to be unique)
answer_states = random.sample(other_states, 3)
# add the correct one
answer_states.append(state)
# convert states to capitals
answer_options = [capitals[st] for st in answer_states]
# randomise answer list
random.shuffle(answer_options)
print('Question %s about %s' % (q_num, state))
print('Options', answer_options)
print('Correct Answer', capitals[state])
print() #empty line
Note the use of random.sample to pick 3 unique options, using enumerate to iterate over the list with an index variable.
Also note the creation of a 49-element list using "slicing".

#hlfrmn found the codeculprit - I would like to point out another thing - use the
with open("filename.txt","w") as f:
f.write("something")
approach that autocloses your file even if you encounter exceptions and structure it using functions that perform certain tasks.
The data definition:
capitals = {'Alabama': 'Montgomery', 'Alaska': 'Juneau', 'Arizona': 'Phoenix',
'Arkansas': 'Little Rock', 'California': 'Sacramento', 'Colorado': 'Denver',
'Connecticut': 'Hartford', 'Delaware': 'Dover', 'Florida': 'Tallahassee',
'Georgia': 'Atlanta', 'Hawaii': 'Honolulu', 'Idaho': 'Boise', 'Illinois':
'Springfield', 'Indiana': 'Indianapolis', 'Iowa': 'Des Moines', 'Kansas':
'Topeka', 'Kentucky': 'Frankfort', 'Louisiana': 'Baton Rouge', 'Maine':
'Augusta', 'Maryland': 'Annapolis', 'Massachusetts': 'Boston', 'Michigan':
'Lansing', 'Minnesota': 'Saint Paul', 'Mississippi': 'Jackson', 'Missouri':
'Jefferson City', 'Montana': 'Helena', 'Nebraska': 'Lincoln', 'Nevada':
'Carson City', 'New Hampshire': 'Concord', 'New Jersey': 'Trenton',
'New Mexico': 'Santa Fe', 'New York': 'Albany', 'North Carolina': 'Raleigh',
'North Dakota': 'Bismarck', 'Ohio': 'Columbus', 'Oklahoma': 'Oklahoma City',
'Oregon': 'Salem', 'Pennsylvania': 'Harrisburg', 'Rhode Island': 'Providence',
'South Carolina': 'Columbia', 'South Dakota': 'Pierre', 'Tennessee':
'Nashville', 'Texas': 'Austin', 'Utah': 'Salt Lake City', 'Vermont':
'Montpelier', 'Virginia': 'Richmond', 'Washington': 'Olympia',
'West Virginia': 'Charleston', 'Wisconsin': 'Madison', 'Wyoming': 'Cheyenne'}
and code:
import random
def generateAllQuestions(caps):
"""Generates all questions including 3 wrong answers. Returns a list of
[tuple(state,correct) and list of 3 wrong answers]."""
q = []
for state in capitals:
# get 4 other answers
# remove the correct one if it is inside the random sample
# use only 3 of them
others = [ val for key,val in random.sample(capitals.items(),k=4) if key != state][0:3]
# compile [tuple: (item,correct_answer),[other_answers]]
q.append([(state,capitals[state])] + [others])
return q
def partitionIntoNParts(n,data):
"""Takes the data and partiniones it into n random equally long (if possible)
sublists"""
ld = len(data)
size_part = ld // n
idx = 0
random.shuffle(data)
while idx < ld:
yield data[idx:idx + size_part]
idx += size_part
def writeHeader(f,a,n):
"""Write the header for Q and A file"""
a.write(f"Capitals Quiz #{n+1}\n\n")
f.write(f"Capitals Quiz #{n+1}\nName:\nDate:\n\nWhat is the capital of:\n")
def writeQandA(f,a,q_num,q):
"""Write a single questions into Q-file and a single answer into A-file"""
state,correct = q[0] # the tuple
others = q[1] # the others
a.write(f"{q_num+1:>3}.) {state:<14} : {correct}\n")
f.write(f"{q_num+1:>3}.) {state:<14} : ")
solutions = others + [correct]
random.shuffle(solutions) # use sort() to always get alphabetical order
for town in solutions:
f.write(f"[ ] {town:<14} ")
f.write("\n\n")
# how many files to use?
filecount = 5
qs = generateAllQuestions(capitals)
parts = partitionIntoNParts(filecount,qs)
# write files based on partioning
for idx,content in enumerate(parts):
with open(f"capitalsquiz{idx+1}.txt","w") as quiz_file,\
open(f"capitalsquiz{idx+1}_answers.txt","w") as answ_file:
writeHeader(quiz_file,answ_file,idx)
# write Q and A into file
for q_num,q in enumerate(content):
writeQandA(quiz_file,answ_file,q_num,q)
# check one files content:
print(open("capitalsquiz2.txt").read())
print(open("capitalsquiz2_answers.txt").read())
Content of capitalsquiz2.txt:
Capitals Quiz #2
Name:
Date:
What is the capital of:
1.) Oklahoma : [ ] Oklahoma City [ ] Phoenix [ ] Juneau [ ] Olympia
2.) Virginia : [ ] Austin [ ] Pierre [ ] Saint Paul [ ] Richmond
3.) North Carolina : [ ] Raleigh [ ] Tallahassee [ ] Dover [ ] Harrisburg
4.) Montana : [ ] Helena [ ] Raleigh [ ] Hartford [ ] Madison
5.) Alaska : [ ] Nashville [ ] Albany [ ] Juneau [ ] Lansing
6.) Kentucky : [ ] Charleston [ ] Cheyenne [ ] Frankfort [ ] Oklahoma City
7.) Florida : [ ] Trenton [ ] Pierre [ ] Tallahassee [ ] Honolulu
8.) Rhode Island : [ ] Providence [ ] Madison [ ] Santa Fe [ ] Trenton
9.) Arkansas : [ ] Boston [ ] Little Rock [ ] Harrisburg [ ] Denver
10.) Wisconsin : [ ] Montgomery [ ] Pierre [ ] Madison [ ] Richmond
Content of capitalsquiz2_answers.txt`:
Capitals Quiz #1
1.) Oklahoma : Oklahoma City
2.) Virginia : Richmond
3.) North Carolina : Raleigh
4.) Montana : Helena
5.) Alaska : Juneau
6.) Kentucky : Frankfort
7.) Florida : Tallahassee
8.) Rhode Island : Providence
9.) Arkansas : Little Rock
10.) Wisconsin : Madison

Hehe... I also had some fun restructuring your program. Maybe you can learn a thing or two from this.
import random
capitals = {'Alabama': 'Montgomery', 'Alaska': 'Juneau', 'Arizona': 'Phoenix',
'Arkansas': 'Little Rock', 'California': 'Sacramento', 'Colorado': 'Denver',
'Connecticut': 'Hartford', 'Delaware': 'Dover', 'Florida': 'Tallahassee',
'Georgia': 'Atlanta', 'Hawaii': 'Honolulu', 'Idaho': 'Boise', 'Illinois':
'Springfield', 'Indiana': 'Indianapolis', 'Iowa': 'Des Moines', 'Kansas':
'Topeka', 'Kentucky': 'Frankfort', 'Louisiana': 'Baton Rouge', 'Maine':
'Augusta', 'Maryland': 'Annapolis', 'Massachusetts': 'Boston', 'Michigan':
'Lansing', 'Minnesota': 'Saint Paul', 'Mississippi': 'Jackson', 'Missouri':
'Jefferson City', 'Montana': 'Helena', 'Nebraska': 'Lincoln', 'Nevada':
'Carson City', 'New Hampshire': 'Concord', 'New Jersey': 'Trenton',
'New Mexico': 'Santa Fe', 'New York': 'Albany', 'North Carolina': 'Raleigh',
'North Dakota': 'Bismarck', 'Ohio': 'Columbus', 'Oklahoma': 'Oklahoma City',
'Oregon': 'Salem', 'Pennsylvania': 'Harrisburg', 'Rhode Island': 'Providence',
'South Carolina': 'Columbia', 'South Dakota': 'Pierre', 'Tennessee':
'Nashville', 'Texas': 'Austin', 'Utah': 'Salt Lake City', 'Vermont':
'Montpelier', 'Virginia': 'Richmond', 'Washington': 'Olympia',
'West Virginia': 'Charleston', 'Wisconsin': 'Madison', 'Wyoming': 'Cheyenne'}
quiz_answer_template = '''\
Capitals Quiz #{}
{}
'''
quiz_file_template = '''\
Capitals Quiz #{}
Name:
Date:
What is the capital of?
{}
'''
question_template = '''\
Q{} {}?
{}
'''
def create_answer_file(path, question_id, answers):
with open(path, 'w') as f:
s = quiz_answer_template.format(question_id, answers)
f.write(s)
def create_quiz_file(path, question_id, question_and_options):
with open(path, 'w') as f:
s = quiz_file_template.format(question_id, question_and_options)
f.write(s)
def get_quiz(dictionary, n):
"""Based on a dictionary with key and values will return
1) Questions with 4 options tab-separated as a string
2) Correct answers as a string
"""
output = []
states = list(dictionary.keys())
random.shuffle(states)
correct_answers = [dictionary.get(i) for i in states]
for ind, st in enumerate(states[:n], 1):
d = dictionary.copy()
correct_answer = d.pop(st)
incorrect_answers = list(d.values())
random.shuffle(incorrect_answers)
options = [correct_answer] + incorrect_answers[:3]
random.shuffle(options)
output.append(question_template.format(ind, st, '\t'.join(options)))
return '\n'.join(output), '\n'.join(correct_answers)
for quizNum in range(1, 6):
questions_and_options, answers = get_quiz(capitals, n=50)
create_quiz_file(f'capitalsquiz{quizNum}.txt', quizNum, questions_and_options)
create_answer_file(f'capitalsquiz_answers{quizNum}.txt', quizNum, answers)

How would i go about randomizing the questions for this game? [duplicate]

This question already has answers here:
Shuffling a list of objects
(25 answers)
Closed 5 years ago.
for a homework assignment, i'm trying to make a game that quizzes users on the capitals of each state, kind of like a flashcards game. I've satisfied all requirements for the program with the code below except they want the questions to be in a random order. how can i shuffle the dictionary?
I know how to shuffle a list but not a dictionary, as i thought they were already supposed to be in a random order.. yet i get the questions in the same order i typed the keys/values (alphabetical by state)
flashcards = {'ALABAMA': 'MONTGOMERY',
'ALASKA': 'JENEAU',
'ARIZONA': 'PHOENIX',
'ARKANSAS': 'LITTLE ROCK',
'CALIFORNIA': 'SACRAMENTO',
'COLORADO': 'DENVER',
'CONNECTICUT': 'HARTFORD',
'DELAWARE': 'DOVER',
'FLORIDA': 'TALLAHASSEE',
'GEORGIA': 'ATLANTA',
'HAWAII': 'HONOLULU',
'IDAHO': 'BOISE',
'ILLINOIS': 'SPRINGFIELD',
'INDANA': 'INDIANAPOLIS',
'IOWA': 'DES MOINES',
'KANSAS': 'TOPEKA',
'KENTUCKY': 'FRANKFORT',
'LOUISIANA': 'BATON ROUGE',
'MAINE': 'AUGUSTA',
'MARYLAND': 'ANNAPOLIS',
'MASSACHUSETTS': 'BOSTON',
'MICHIGAN': 'LANSING',
'MINNESOTA': 'ST. PAUL',
'MISSISSIPPI': 'JACKSON',
'MISSOURI': 'JEFFERSON CITY',
'MONTANA': 'HELENA',
'NEBRASKA': 'LINCOLN',
'NAVADA': 'CARSON CITY',
'NEW HAMPSHIRE': 'CONCORD',
'NEW JERSEY': 'TRENTON',
'NEW MEXICO': 'SANTA FE',
'NEW YORK': 'ALBANY',
'NORTH CAROLINA': 'RALEIGH',
'NORTH DAKOTA': 'BISMARCK',
'OHIO': 'COLUMBUS',
'OKLAHOMA': 'OKLAHOMA CITY',
'OREGON': 'SALEM',
'PENNSYLVANIA': 'HARRISBURG',
'RHODE ISLAND': 'PROVIDENCE',
'SOUTH CAROLINA': 'COLUMBIA',
'SOUTH DAKOTA': 'PIERRE',
'TENNESSEE': 'NASHVILLE',
'TEXAS': 'AUSTIN',
'UTAH': 'SALT LAKE CITY',
'VERMONT': 'MONTPELIER',
'VIRGINIA': 'RICHMOND',
'WASHINTON': 'OLYMPIA',
'WEST VIRGINIA': 'CHARLESTON',
'WISCONSIN': 'MADISON',
'WYOMING': 'CHEYENNE'}
def main():
incorrect = 0
correct = 0
print('Let\'s play the State\'s game!!')
for b in flashcards.keys():
question = input('What is the capital of ' + b +'? : ')
if question.upper() == flashcards[b].upper():
correct += 1
print('correct!!')
print('Correct: ', correct)
print('Incorrect: ', incorrect)
else:
incorrect += 1
print('oops! that is incorrect')
print('Correct: ', correct)
print('Incorrect: ', incorrect)
main()

Use random.shuffle
from random import shuffle
states = flashcards.keys()
shuffle(states)
for state in states:
print 'State: {}, Capital: {}'.format(state, flashcards[state])

Why quizfile.write(" ") is not working from the Second for loop

I got this question Automate the boring Stuff book. The Code is also given there but When I was Practising this on my own the problem I am getting is this code is not writing in the files after the first for loop.
import random
import os
capitals = {'Alabama': 'Montgomery', 'Alaska': 'Juneau', 'Arizona': 'Phoenix',
'Arkansas': 'Little Rock', 'California': 'Sacramento', 'Colorado': 'Denver',
'Connecticut': 'Hartford', 'Delaware': 'Dover', 'Florida': 'Tallahassee',
'Georgia': 'Atlanta', 'Hawaii': 'Honolulu', 'Idaho': 'Boise', 'Illinois':
'Springfield', 'Indiana': 'Indianapolis', 'Iowa': 'Des Moines', 'Kansas':
'Topeka', 'Kentucky': 'Frankfort', 'Louisiana': 'Baton Rouge', 'Maine':
'Augusta', 'Maryland': 'Annapolis', 'Massachusetts': 'Boston', 'Michigan':
'Lansing', 'Minnesota': 'Saint Paul', 'Mississippi': 'Jackson', 'Missouri':
'Jefferson City', 'Montana': 'Helena', 'Nebraska': 'Lincoln', 'Nevada':
'Carson City', 'New Hampshire': 'Concord', 'New Jersey': 'Trenton',
'New Mexico': 'Santa Fe', 'New York': 'Albany', 'North Carolina': 'Raleigh',
'North Dakota': 'Bismarck', 'Ohio': 'Columbus', 'Oklahoma': 'Oklahoma City',
'Oregon': 'Salem', 'Pennsylvania': 'Harrisburg', 'Rhode Island': 'Providence',
'South Carolina': 'Columbia', 'South Dakota': 'Pierre', 'Tennessee':
'Nashville', 'Texas': 'Austin', 'Utah': 'Salt Lake City', 'Vermont':
'Montpelier', 'Virginia': 'Richmond', 'Washington': 'Olympia',
'West Virginia': 'Charleston', 'Wisconsin': 'Madison', 'Wyoming': 'Cheyenne'}
#print (capitals)
for q in range(35):
quizfile = open("capitalquiz%s.txt" %(q + 1), 'w')
answerfile = open("Answerfile%s.txt"%(q + 1),'w')
quizfile.write('Name:\n\nDate:\n\nPeriod:\n\n')
quizfile.write((' ' * 20) + 'State Capitals Quiz (Form %s)' % (q + 1))
quizfile.write('\n\n')
states = list(capitals.keys())
random.shuffle(states)
quizfile.write("wefkjqennqkeanfeqkjn")
for i in range(50):
correct_answer = capitals[states[i]]
wrong_answer = list(capitals.values())
del wrong_answer[correct_answer.index(correct_answer)]
wrong_answers = random.sample(wrong_answer,3)
answer_option = wrong_answers + [correct_answer]
random.shuffle(answer_option)
for item in range(50):
#quizfile.write("******************************************************")
quizfile.write("%s.what is the capital of %s" %(item+1,states[item]))
for i in range(4):
quizfile.write("%s. %s\n" %('ABCD'[i],answer_option[i]))
answerfile.write("%s. %s\n" %(q+1,'ABCD'[answer_option.index(correct_answer)]))
quizfile.close()
answerfile.close()

You've got some for loops that need to be nested within others. You're attempting to access out of scope variables as it is now.
Your code, cleaned up:
import random
import os
capitals = {'Alabama': 'Montgomery', 'Alaska': 'Juneau', 'Arizona': 'Phoenix',
'Arkansas': 'Little Rock', 'California': 'Sacramento', 'Colorado': 'Denver',
'Connecticut': 'Hartford', 'Delaware': 'Dover', 'Florida': 'Tallahassee',
'Georgia': 'Atlanta', 'Hawaii': 'Honolulu', 'Idaho': 'Boise', 'Illinois':
'Springfield', 'Indiana': 'Indianapolis', 'Iowa': 'Des Moines', 'Kansas':
'Topeka', 'Kentucky': 'Frankfort', 'Louisiana': 'Baton Rouge', 'Maine':
'Augusta', 'Maryland': 'Annapolis', 'Massachusetts': 'Boston', 'Michigan':
'Lansing', 'Minnesota': 'Saint Paul', 'Mississippi': 'Jackson', 'Missouri':
'Jefferson City', 'Montana': 'Helena', 'Nebraska': 'Lincoln', 'Nevada':
'Carson City', 'New Hampshire': 'Concord', 'New Jersey': 'Trenton',
'New Mexico': 'Santa Fe', 'New York': 'Albany', 'North Carolina': 'Raleigh',
'North Dakota': 'Bismarck', 'Ohio': 'Columbus', 'Oklahoma': 'Oklahoma City',
'Oregon': 'Salem', 'Pennsylvania': 'Harrisburg', 'Rhode Island': 'Providence',
'South Carolina': 'Columbia', 'South Dakota': 'Pierre', 'Tennessee':
'Nashville', 'Texas': 'Austin', 'Utah': 'Salt Lake City', 'Vermont':
'Montpelier', 'Virginia': 'Richmond', 'Washington': 'Olympia',
'West Virginia': 'Charleston', 'Wisconsin': 'Madison', 'Wyoming': 'Cheyenne'}
for q in range(35):
quizfile = open("capitalquiz%s.txt" %(q + 1), 'w')
answerfile = open("Answerfile%s.txt"%(q + 1),'w')
quizfile.write('Name:\n\nDate:\n\nPeriod:\n\n')
quizfile.write((' ' * 20) + 'State Capitals Quiz (Form %s)' % (q + 1))
quizfile.write('\n\n')
states = list(capitals.keys())
random.shuffle(states)
for i in range(50):
correct_answer = capitals[states[i]]
wrong_answer = list(capitals.values())
del wrong_answer[correct_answer.index(correct_answer)]
wrong_answers = random.sample(wrong_answer,3)
answer_option = wrong_answers + [correct_answer]
random.shuffle(answer_option)
quizfile.write("%s.what is the capital of %s \n" %(i+1,states[i]))
for j in range(4):
quizfile.write("%s. %s\n" %('ABCD'[j],answer_option[j]))
quizfile.write('\n')
answerfile.write("%s. %s\n" %(i+1,'ABCD'[answer_option.index(correct_answer)]))
quizfile.close()
answerfile.close()
It's not the prettiest but I think it does what you're trying to do.

AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'index'

I am trying to make a US Capitals game for my sister, but when I do the following code:
import random
allUSStates = ['Alabama', 'Alaska', 'Arizona', 'Arkansas', 'California', 'Colorado', 'Connecticut', 'Delaware', 'Florida', 'Georgia', 'Hawaii', 'Idaho', 'Illinois', 'Indiana', 'Iowa', 'Kansas', 'Kentucky', 'Louisiana', 'Maine', 'Maryland', 'Massachusetts', 'Michigan', 'Minnesota', 'Mississippi', 'Missouri', 'Montana', 'Nebraska', 'Nevada', 'New Hampshire', 'New Jersey', 'New Mexico', 'New York', 'North Carolina', 'North Dakota', 'Ohio', 'Oklahoma', 'Oregon', 'Pennsylvania', 'Rhode Island', 'South Carolina', 'South Dakota', 'Tennessee', 'Texas', 'Utah', 'Vermont', 'Virginia', 'Washington', 'West Virginia', 'Wisconsin', 'Wyoming']
allUSCapitals = {'Alabama': 'Montgomery', 'Alaska': 'Juneau', 'Arizona': 'Phoenix', 'Arkansas': 'Little Rock', 'California': 'Sacramento', 'Colorado': 'Denver', 'Connecticut': 'Hartford', 'Delaware': 'Dover', 'Florida': 'Tallahassee', 'Georgia': 'Atlanta', 'Hawaii': 'Honolulu', 'Idaho': 'Boise', 'Illinois': 'Springfield', 'Indiana': 'Indianapolis', 'Iowa': 'Des Moines', 'Kansas': 'Topeka', 'Kentucky': 'Frankfurt', 'Louisiana': 'Baton Rouge', 'Maine': 'Augusta', 'Maryland': 'Annapolis', 'Massachusetts': 'Boston', 'Michigan': 'Lansing', 'Minnesota': 'St. Paul', 'Mississippi': 'Jackson', 'Missouri': 'Jefferson City', 'Montana': 'Helena', 'Nebraska': 'Lincoln', 'Nevada': 'Carson City', 'New Hampshire': 'Concord', 'New Jersey': 'Trenton', 'New Mexico': 'Santa Fe', 'New York': 'Albany', 'North Carolina': 'Raleigh', 'North Dakota': 'Bismarck', 'Ohio': 'Columbus', 'Oklahoma': 'Oklahoma', 'Oregon': 'Salem', 'Pennsylvania': 'Harrisburg', 'Rhode Island': 'Providence', 'South Carolina': 'Columbia', 'South Dakota': 'Pierre', 'Tennessee': 'Nashville', 'Texas': 'Austin', 'Utah': 'Salt Lake City', 'Vermont': 'Montpelier', 'Virginia': 'Richmond', 'Washington': 'Olympia', 'West Virginia': 'Charleston', 'Wisconsin': 'Madison', 'Wyoming': 'Cheyenne'}
states = allUSStates
numwrong = 0
while len(states) > 0:
state = random.choice(states)
capital = allUSCapitals[random.choice(states)]
print('What is the capital of %s?' % state)
choice1 = allUSCapitals[state]
choice2 = choice1
choice3 = choice1
while choice2 == choice1 or choice3 == choice1 or choice2 == choice3:
choice2 = allUSCapitals[random.choice(allUSStates)]
choice3 = allUSCapitals[random.choice(allUSStates)]
allChoices = [choice1, choice2, choice3]
allChoices = random.shuffle(allChoices)
correctAnswer = allChoices.index(choice1)
print(' 1. ' + allChoices[0] + ' \n 2. ' + allChoices[1] + ' \n 3. ' + allChoices[2] + ' \n')
answer = int(float(input())) - 1
if answer == correctAnswer:
print('\nGood job!')
else:
print('Nope! The answer is ' + choice1 + '!')
numwrong += 1
del states[states.index(choice1)]
percentwrong = (numwrong/50)*100
print('\n\n\n\nYou got ' + numwrong + ' wrong out of 50, or ' + percentwrong + '% wrong.')
I get this error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python32\USStates.py", line 18, in module
correctAnswer = allChoices.index(choice1)
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'index'
What does this mean and what can I do to fix this?

Python is trying to tell you that when you got to line 18, allChoices is None and None objects don't have an index method. The reason for this is because random.shuffle shuffles the list in place and returns None.
The fix is to change:
allChoices = random.shuffle(allChoices)
to:
random.shuffle(allChoices)