Develop Reference

regex - 1. add space between string, 2. ignore certain pattern

I have two things that I would like to replace in my text files.
Add " " between String end with '#' (eg. ABC#) into (eg. A B C)
Ignore certain Strings end with 'H' or 'xx:xx:xx' (eg. 1111H - ignore), (eg. if is 1111, process into 'one one one one')
so far this is my code..
import re
dest1 = r"C:\\Users\CL\\Desktop\\Folder"
files = os.listdir(dest1)
#dictionary to process Int to Str
numbers = {"0":"ZERO ", "1":"ONE ", "2":"TWO ", "3":"THREE ", "4":"FOUR ", "5":"FIVE ", "6":"SIX ", "7":"SEVEN ", "8":"EIGHT ", "9":"NINE "}
for f in files:
text= open(dest1+ "\\" + f,"r")
text_read = text.read()
#num sub pattern
text = re.sub('[%s]\s?' % ''.join(numbers), lambda x: numbers[x.group().strip()]+' ', text)
#write result to file
data = f.write(text)
f.close()
sample .txt
1111H I have 11 ABC# apples
11:12:00 I went to my# room
output required
1111H I have ONE ONE A B C apples
11:12:00 I went to M Y room
also.. i realized when I write the new result, the format gets 'messy' without the breaks. not sure why.
#current output
ONE ONE ONE ONE H - I HAVE ONE ONE ABC# APPLES
ONE ONE ONE TWO H - I WENT TO MY# ROOM
#overwritten output
ONE ONE ONE ONE H - I HAVE ONE ONE ABC# APPLES ONE ONE ONE TWO H - I WENT TO MY# ROOM

You can use
def process_match(x):
if x.group(1):
return " ".join(x.group(1).upper())
elif x.group(2):
return f'{numbers[x.group(2)] }'
else:
return x.group()
print(re.sub(r'\b(?:\d+[A-Z]+|\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2})\b|\b([A-Za-z]+)#|([0-9])', process_match, text_read))
# => 1111H I have ONE ONE A B C apples
# 11:12:00 I went to M Y room
See the regex demo. The main idea behind this approach is to parse the string only once capturing or not parts of it, and process each match on the go, either returning it as is (if it was not captured) or converted chunks of text (if the text was captured).
Regex details:
\b(?:\d+[A-Z]+|\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2})\b - a word boundary, and then either one or more digits and one or more uppercase letters, or three occurrences of colon-separated double digits, and then a word boundary
| - or
\b([A-Za-z]+)# - Group 1: words with # at the end: a word boundary, then oneor more letters and a #
| - or
([0-9]) - Group 2: an ASCII digit.

Delete based on presence

I'm trying to analyze an article to determine if a specific substring appears.
If "Bill" appears, then I want to delete the substring's parent sentence from the article, as well as every sentence following the first deleted sentence.
If "Bill" does not appear, no alteration are made to the article.
Sample Text:
stringy = """This is Bill Everest here. A long time ago in, erm, this galaxy, a game called Star Wars Episode I: Racer was a smash hit, leading to dozens of enthusiastic magazine reviews with the byline "now this is podracing!" Unfortunately, the intervening years have been unkind to the Star Wars prequels, Star Fox in the way you can rotate your craft to fit through narrow gaps.
This is Bill, signing off. Thank you for reading. And see you tomorrow!"""
Desired Result When Targeted Substring is "Bill":
stringy = """This is Bill Everest here. A long time ago in, erm, this galaxy, a game called Star Wars Episode I: Racer was a smash hit, leading to dozens of enthusiastic magazine reviews with the byline "now this is podracing!" Unfortunately, the intervening years have been unkind to the Star Wars prequels, but does that hindsight extend to this thoroughly literally-named racing tie-in? Star Fox in the way you can rotate your craft to fit through narrow gaps.
"""
This is the code so far:
if "Bill" not in stringy[-200:]:
print(stringy)
text = stringy.rsplit("Bill")[0]
text = text.split('.')[:-1]
text = '.'.join(text) + '.'
It currently doesn't work when "Bill" appears outside of the last 200 characters, cutting off the text at the very first instance of "Bill" (the opening sentence, "This is Bill Everest here"). How can this code be altered to only select for "Bill"s in the last 200 characters?

Here's another approach that loops through each sentence using a regex. We keep a line count and once we're in the last 200 characters we check for 'Bill' in the line. If found, we exclude from this line onward.
Hope the code is readable enough.
import re
def remove_bill(stringy):
sentences = re.findall(r'([A-Z][^\.!?]*[\.!?]\s*\n*)', stringy)
total = len(stringy)
count = 0
for index, line in enumerate(sentences):
#Check each index of 'Bill' in line
for pos in (m.start() for m in re.finditer('Bill', line)):
if count + pos >= total - 200:
stringy = ''.join(sentences[:index])
return stringy
count += len(line)
return stringy
stringy = remove_bill(stringy)

Here is how you can use re:
import re
stringy = """..."""
target = "Bill"
l = re.findall(r'([A-Z][^\.!?]*[\.!?])',stringy)
for i in range(len(l)-1,0,-1):
if target in l[i] and sum([len(a) for a in l[i:]])-sum([len(a) for a in l[i].split(target)[:-1]]) < 200:
strings = ' '.join(l[:i])
print(stringy)

Splitting a sentence below a specific "space" character with regex in Python

I have been trying to solve a problem for splitting a sentence down to a meaningful set of words under specific length.
string1 = "Alice is in wonderland"
string2 = "Bob is playing games on his computer"
I want to have a regex that matches the representative words that match the condition of being lower than 20 characters.
new_string1 = "Alice is in"
new_string2 = "Bob is playing games"
Is this possible to do it with Regex?

This is not a good usecase of regular expression. Although, the textwrap.shorten method achieves exactly that.
import textwrap
string1 = "Alice is in wonderland"
string2 = "Bob is playing games on his computer"
new_string1 = textwrap.shorten(string1, 20, placeholder="")
new_string2 = textwrap.shorten(string2, 20, placeholder="")
print(new_string1) # Alice is in
print(new_string2) # Bob is playing games
The only downside of textwrap.shorten is that it collapses spaces. In the event you do not want that to happen, you can implement your own method.
def shorten(s, max_chars):
# Special case is the string is shorter than the number of required chars
if len(s) <= max_chars:
return s.rstrip()
stop = 0
for i in range(max_chars + 1):
# Always keep the location of the last space behind the pointer
if s[i].isspace():
stop = i
# Get rid of possible extra space added on the tail of the string
return s[:stop].rstrip()
string1 = "Alice is in wonderland"
string2 = "Bob is playing games on his computer"
new_string1 = shorten(string1, 20)
new_string2 = shorten(string2, 20)
print(new_string1) # Alice is in
print(new_string2) # Bob is playing games

I'm trying to solve for the other Acronyms

I have the following strings that I need to make acronyms for:
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
As Soon As Possible
University of California San Diego
Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus
This is my code
my_string = input()
my_string2 = my_string.upper()
for x in range(0, 1, len(my_string2)):
print(my_string2[0::15])
but it only worked for the first input. There are three more examples that this code doesn't cover. What I need is for this code to be modified in such a way where it will create an Acronym out of any input.The first Acronym is called "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers" and once it's placed into the input it returns IEEE as the output. Basically all of the first letters that are capitalized are kept and no lower cased words remain.

I'm new to programming so I bet the way I did it is a bit funky, but this worked for me on my zybooks lab:
Name = input()
AStart = Name.split()
AFinal = ''
for string in AStart:
if string[0].isupper():
AFinal += string[0] + '.'
print(AFinal)

Here's a regex based solution which looks for words that start with a capital letter and extracts their starting letter, then joins all them together to make the acronym:
import re
strings = [
'As Soon As Possible',
'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers',
'University of California San Diego',
'Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus'
]
for s in strings:
acronym = ''.join(re.findall(r'\b[A-Z]', s))
print(acronym)
If you don't want to use regex, you can just split the strings and test the first character of each word to see if it is uppercase:
for s in strings:
acronym = ''.join(w[0] for w in s.split(' ') if w[0].isupper())
print(acronym)
In either case the output is:
ASAP
IEEE
UCSD
SCUBA
To run from input, use this code:
import re
s = input()
acronym = ''.join(re.findall(r'\b[A-Z]', s))
print(acronym)
Or:
s = input()
acronym = ''.join(w[0] for w in s.split(' ') if w[0].isupper())
print(acronym)
Demo on ideone.com

try this:
full_string = input("Enter Text: ")
string_list = full_string.split()
acronym = ""
for string in string_list:
acronym += f"{string[0].upper()}"
print(acronym)
output:
Enter Text: This is a long string please be kind
TIALSPBK

This is what I used.
phrase = str(input()).rstrip() #gets the phrase and makes string sanitized
for char in phrase: #goes through every char
x = char #Did this to make it easier to keep track
if x.isupper() == True: #The char loop check if the value is true or not
print(x, end='') #print the true uppercase, end print on 1 line.

Capitalize the first word of a sentence in a text

I want to make sure that each sentence in a text starts with a capital letter.
E.g. "we have good news and bad news about your emissaries to our world," the extraterrestrial ambassador informed the Prime Minister. the good news is they tasted like chicken." should become
"We have good news and bad news about your emissaries to our world," the extraterrestrial ambassador informed the Prime Minister. The good news is they tasted like chicken."
I tried using split() to split the sentence. Then, I capitalized the first character of each line. I appended the rest of the string to the capitalized character.
text = input("Enter the text: \n")
lines = text.split('. ') #Split the sentences
for line in lines:
a = line[0].capitalize() # capitalize the first word of sentence
for i in range(1, len(line)):
a = a + line[i]
print(a)
I want to obtain "We have good news and bad news about your emissaries to our world," the extraterrestrial ambassador informed the Prime Minister. The good news is they tasted like chicken."
I get "We have good news and bad news about your emissaries to our world," the extraterrestrial ambassador informed the Prime Minister
The good news is they tasted like chicken."

This code should work:
text = input("Enter the text: \n")
lines = text.split('. ') # Split the sentences
for index, line in enumerate(lines):
lines[index] = line[0].upper() + line[1:]
print(". ".join(lines))
The error in your code is that str.split(chars) removes the splitting delimiter char and that's why the period is removed.
Sorry for not providing a thorough description as I cannot think of what to say. Please feel free to ask in comments.
EDIT: Let me try to explain what I did.
Lines 1-2: Accepts the input and splits into a list by '. '. On the sample input, this gives: ['"We have good news and bad news about your emissaries to our world," the extraterrestrial ambassador informed the Prime Minister', 'the good news is they tasted like chicken.']. Note the period is gone from the first sentence where it was split.
Line 4: enumerate is a generator and iterates through an iterator returning the index and item of each item in the iterator in a tuple.
Line 5: Replaces the place of line in lines with the capital of the first character plus the rest of the line.
Line 6: Prints the message. ". ".join(lines) basically reverses what you did with split. str.join(l) takes a iterator of strings, l, and sticks them together with str between all the items. Without this, you would be missing your periods.

When you split the string by ". " that removes the ". "s from your string and puts the rest of it into a list. You need to add the lost periods to your sentences to make this work.
Also, this can result in the last sentence to have double periods, since it only has "." at the end of it, not ". ". We need to remove the period (if it exists) at the beginning to make sure we don't get double periods.
text = input("Enter the text: \n")
output = ""
if (text[-1] == '.'):
# remove the last period to avoid double periods in the last sentence
text = text[:-1]
lines = text.split('. ') #Split the sentences
for line in lines:
a = line[0].capitalize() # capitalize the first word of sentence
for i in range(1, len(line)):
a = a + line[i]
a = a + '.' # add the removed period
output = output + a
print (output)
We can also make this solution cleaner:
text = input("Enter the text: \n")
output = ""
if (text[-1] == '.'):
# remove the last period to avoid double periods in the last sentence
text = text[:-1]
lines = text.split('. ') #Split the sentences
for line in lines:
a = line[0].capitalize() + line [1:] + '.'
output = output + a
print (output)
By using str[1:] you can get a copy of your string with the first character removed. And using str[:-1] will give you a copy of your string with the last character removed.

split splits the string AND none of the new strings contain the delimiter - or the string/character you split by.
change your code to this:
text = input("Enter the text: \n")
lines = text.split('. ') #Split the sentences
final_text = ". ".join([line[0].upper()+line[1:] for line in lines])
print(final_text)

The below can handle multiple sentence types (ending in ".", "!", "?", etc...) and will capitalize the first word of each of the sentences. Since you want to keep your existing capital letters, using the capitalize function will not work (since it will make none sentence starting words lowercase). You can throw a lambda function into the list comp to take advantage of upper() on the first letter of each sentence, this keeps the rest of the sentence completely un-changed.
import re
original_sentence = 'we have good news and bad news about your emissaries to our world," the extraterrestrial ambassador informed the Prime Minister. the good news is they tasted like chicken.'
val = re.split('([.!?] *)', original_sentence)
new_sentence = ''.join([(lambda x: x[0].upper() + x[1:])(each) if len(each) > 1 else each for each in val])
print(new_sentence)
The "new_sentence" list comprehension is the same as saying:
sentence = []
for each in val:
sentence.append((lambda x: x[0].upper() + x[1:])(each) if len(each) > 1 else each)
print(''.join(sentence))

You can use the re.sub function in order to replace all characters following the pattern . \w with its uppercase equivalent.
import re
original_sentence = 'we have good news and bad news about your emissaries to our world," the extraterrestrial ambassador informed the Prime Minister. the good news is they tasted like chicken.'
def replacer(match_obj):
return match_obj.group(0).upper()
# Replace the very first characer or any other following a dot and a space by its upper case version.
re.sub(r"(?<=\. )(\w)|^\w", replacer, original_sentence)
>>> 'We have good news and bad news about your emissaries to our world," the extraterrestrial ambassador informed the Prime Minister. The good news is they tasted like chicken.'