import os
import shutil
source_dir = r'C:\\Users\\Andre\\Downloads'
image_dir = r'C:\\Users\\Andre\\Downloads\\images'
file_names = os.listdir(source_dir)
for file_name in file_names:
if '.png' in file_name:
shutil.move(os.path.join(source_dir, file_name), image_dir)
This current code will move all pngs from source dir to image dir, how can I make it so it also includes pngs nested in another subdirectory inside the source dir? for example C:\Users\Andre\Downloads\pictures
You can break the moving functionality into a function, then call that function on each directory.
def move_pngs(src, dst):
for file_name in os.listdir(src):
if file_name.endswith('.png'):
shutil.move(os.path.join(src, file_name), dst)
move_pngs(source_dir, image_dir)
move_pngs(os.path.join(source_dir, 'pictures'), image_dir)
... Or maybe go full recursive.
def move_pngs(src, dst):
for file_name in os.listdir(src):
fullname = os.path.join(src, file_name)
if os.path.isdir(fullname) and fullname != dst:
move_pngs(fullname, dst)
elif file_name.endswith('.png'):
shutil.move(fullname), dst)
This will visit all subdirectories recursively, and move all files into one flat directory, meaning if there are files with the same names anywhere, generally the one from a deeper subdirectory will win, and the others will be overwritten.
You can simply just change the source_dir to also include the subdirectory which you want to move the pngs from and run then the loop again.
In this case:
subdirectory = '\pictures'
source_dir += subdirectory
file_names = os.listdir(source_dir)
for file_name in file_names:
if '.png' in file_name:
shutil.move(os.path.join(source_dir, file_name), image_dir)
I am trying to copy all jpeg files from a directory (with multiple subdirectories) to a single directory. There are multiple files with the same name, so I am trying to rename the files using the name of the parent directory. For example: c:\images\tiger\image_00001.jpg will be moved to a new folder and renamed to c:\images\allimages\tiger_image_00001.jpg. I tried the code below, but nothing happens. The folder gets created, but the files do not move. This is what I have so far:
import os
path = 'source/'
os.mkdir('source/allimages/')
extensions = ['.jpeg']
for folder, _, filenames in os.walk(path):
for filename in filenames:
if folder == path or folder == os.path.join(path, 'allimages'):
continue
folder = folder.strip(path)
extension = os.path.splitext(os.path.splitext(filename)[0])[-1].lower()
if extension in extensions:
infilename = os.path.join(path, folder, filename)
newname = os.path.join(path, 'all_files', "{}-{}".format(folder.strip('./')))
os.rename(infilename, newname)
I would recommend having a function dedicated to resolving a unique filename. A while loop should do the trick. This should work.
import os
import shutil
def resolve_path(filename, destination_dir):
dest = os.path.join(destination_dir, filename)
*base_parts, extension = filename.split('.')
base_name = '.'.join(base_parts)
duplicate_num = 1
while os.path.exists(dest):
new_base = base_name + str(duplicate_num).zfill(5)
new_filename = "{}.{}".format(new_base, extension)
dest = os.path.join(destination_dir, new_filename)
duplicate_num += 1
return dest
That is such that the following is the result....
>>> with open('/path/to/file.extension', 'w') as f:
>>> pass # just create the file
>>> resolve_path('file.extension', '/path/to/')
'/path/to/file00001.extension'
Then put it together with traversing the source...
def consolidate(source, destination, extension='.jpg'):
if not os.path.exists(destination):
os.makedirs(destination)
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(source):
for f in files:
if f.lower().endswith(extension):
source_path = os.path.join(root, f)
destination_path = resolve_path(f, destination)
shutil.copyfile(source_path, destination_path)
You're calling splitext on its own output, which doesn't get what you want:
In [4]: os.path.splitext(os.path.splitext('foo.bar')[0])[-1]
Out[4]: ''
You just want extension = os.path.splitext(filename)[-1].lower(), or if you don't want the dot, then extension = os.path.splitext(filename)[-1].lower()[1:].
(Edited) more seriously, there's a problem with folder.strip(path): this will remove all characters in path from folder. For instance 'source/rescue'.strip('source/') == ''. What you want is folder.replace(path, '').
I want to perform an action on all files in a subdir and put the out put in another dir. For example, in /Pictures/ there are subdirs /January, /February/ etc and in them imgages. I want to perform actions on the images and put the output to /Processed/ and its subdirs /January, /Februady etc.
I imagine it to be solved something like this, but I really could use some help:
import os
path = '/Pictures/'
outpath = '/Processed/'
for subdir, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
#do something with files and send out put to corresponding output dir
This should give you the basic structure :
import os
path = 'Pictures/' # NOTE: Without starting '/' !
outpath = 'Processed/'
for old_dir, _, filenames in os.walk(path):
new_dir = old_dir.replace(path, outpath, 1)
if not os.path.exists(new_dir):
print "Creating %s" % new_dir
os.makedirs(new_dir)
for filename in filenames:
old_path = os.path.join(old_dir, filename)
new_path = os.path.join(new_dir, filename)
print "Processing : %s -> %s" % (old_path, new_path)
# do something with new_path
It creates the same subfolder structure in 'Processed/' as in 'Pictures/' and it iterates over every filename.
For every file in your folders, you get the new_path variable :
old_path is 'Pictures/1/test.jpg', new_path will be 'Processed/1/test.jpg'
This basically walks through all folders of a directory, gets its files; perform some action with performFunction() and write to the same file. You can modify this to write to different path!
def walkDirectory(directory, filePattern):
for path, dirs, files in os.walk(os.path.abspath(directory),followlinks=True):
for filename in fnmatch.filter(files, filePattern):
try:
filepath = os.path.join(path, filename)
with open(filepath) as f:
s = f.read()
s = performFunction()
with open(filepath, "w") as f:
print filepath
f.write(s)
f.flush()
f.close()
except:
import traceback
print traceback.format_exc()
Hope it helps!
I'm wanting to use os.walk to search the cwd and subdirectories to locate a specific file and when found immediately break and change to that dir. I've seen many examples where it breaks after locating the file, but I can't figure out how to retrieve the path location so I can change dir.
Something like this?
f = 'filename'
for path, dirs, files in os.walk('.'):
if f in files:
os.chdir(path)
break
import os
required_file = "somefile.txt"
cwd = '.'
def get_dir_name(cwd, required_file):
for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk(cwd):
for fname in fileList:
if fname == required_file:
change_to_dir = os.path.abspath(dirName)
return change_to_dir
change_to_dir = get_dir_name(cwd, required_file)
os.chdir(change_to_dir)
I have a C++/Obj-C background and I am just discovering Python (been writing it for about an hour).
I am writing a script to recursively read the contents of text files in a folder structure.
The problem I have is the code I have written will only work for one folder deep. I can see why in the code (see #hardcoded path), I just don't know how I can move forward with Python since my experience with it is only brand new.
Python Code:
import os
import sys
rootdir = sys.argv[1]
for root, subFolders, files in os.walk(rootdir):
for folder in subFolders:
outfileName = rootdir + "/" + folder + "/py-outfile.txt" # hardcoded path
folderOut = open( outfileName, 'w' )
print "outfileName is " + outfileName
for file in files:
filePath = rootdir + '/' + file
f = open( filePath, 'r' )
toWrite = f.read()
print "Writing '" + toWrite + "' to" + filePath
folderOut.write( toWrite )
f.close()
folderOut.close()
Make sure you understand the three return values of os.walk:
for root, subdirs, files in os.walk(rootdir):
has the following meaning:
root: Current path which is "walked through"
subdirs: Files in root of type directory
files: Files in root (not in subdirs) of type other than directory
And please use os.path.join instead of concatenating with a slash! Your problem is filePath = rootdir + '/' + file - you must concatenate the currently "walked" folder instead of the topmost folder. So that must be filePath = os.path.join(root, file). BTW "file" is a builtin, so you don't normally use it as variable name.
Another problem are your loops, which should be like this, for example:
import os
import sys
walk_dir = sys.argv[1]
print('walk_dir = ' + walk_dir)
# If your current working directory may change during script execution, it's recommended to
# immediately convert program arguments to an absolute path. Then the variable root below will
# be an absolute path as well. Example:
# walk_dir = os.path.abspath(walk_dir)
print('walk_dir (absolute) = ' + os.path.abspath(walk_dir))
for root, subdirs, files in os.walk(walk_dir):
print('--\nroot = ' + root)
list_file_path = os.path.join(root, 'my-directory-list.txt')
print('list_file_path = ' + list_file_path)
with open(list_file_path, 'wb') as list_file:
for subdir in subdirs:
print('\t- subdirectory ' + subdir)
for filename in files:
file_path = os.path.join(root, filename)
print('\t- file %s (full path: %s)' % (filename, file_path))
with open(file_path, 'rb') as f:
f_content = f.read()
list_file.write(('The file %s contains:\n' % filename).encode('utf-8'))
list_file.write(f_content)
list_file.write(b'\n')
If you didn't know, the with statement for files is a shorthand:
with open('filename', 'rb') as f:
dosomething()
# is effectively the same as
f = open('filename', 'rb')
try:
dosomething()
finally:
f.close()
If you are using Python 3.5 or above, you can get this done in 1 line.
import glob
# root_dir needs a trailing slash (i.e. /root/dir/)
for filename in glob.iglob(root_dir + '**/*.txt', recursive=True):
print(filename)
As mentioned in the documentation
If recursive is true, the pattern '**' will match any files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
If you want every file, you can use
import glob
for filename in glob.iglob(root_dir + '**/**', recursive=True):
print(filename)
Agree with Dave Webb, os.walk will yield an item for each directory in the tree. Fact is, you just don't have to care about subFolders.
Code like this should work:
import os
import sys
rootdir = sys.argv[1]
for folder, subs, files in os.walk(rootdir):
with open(os.path.join(folder, 'python-outfile.txt'), 'w') as dest:
for filename in files:
with open(os.path.join(folder, filename), 'r') as src:
dest.write(src.read())
TL;DR: This is the equivalent to find -type f to go over all files in all folders below and including the current one:
for currentpath, folders, files in os.walk('.'):
for file in files:
print(os.path.join(currentpath, file))
As already mentioned in other answers, os.walk() is the answer, but it could be explained better. It's quite simple! Let's walk through this tree:
docs/
└── doc1.odt
pics/
todo.txt
With this code:
for currentpath, folders, files in os.walk('.'):
print(currentpath)
The currentpath is the current folder it is looking at. This will output:
.
./docs
./pics
So it loops three times, because there are three folders: the current one, docs, and pics. In every loop, it fills the variables folders and files with all folders and files. Let's show them:
for currentpath, folders, files in os.walk('.'):
print(currentpath, folders, files)
This shows us:
# currentpath folders files
. ['pics', 'docs'] ['todo.txt']
./pics [] []
./docs [] ['doc1.odt']
So in the first line, we see that we are in folder ., that it contains two folders namely pics and docs, and that there is one file, namely todo.txt. You don't have to do anything to recurse into those folders, because as you see, it recurses automatically and just gives you the files in any subfolders. And any subfolders of that (though we don't have those in the example).
If you just want to loop through all files, the equivalent of find -type f, you can do this:
for currentpath, folders, files in os.walk('.'):
for file in files:
print(os.path.join(currentpath, file))
This outputs:
./todo.txt
./docs/doc1.odt
The pathlib library is really great for working with files. You can do a recursive glob on a Path object like so.
from pathlib import Path
for elem in Path('/path/to/my/files').rglob('*.*'):
print(elem)
import glob
import os
root_dir = <root_dir_here>
for filename in glob.iglob(root_dir + '**/**', recursive=True):
if os.path.isfile(filename):
with open(filename,'r') as file:
print(file.read())
**/** is used to get all files recursively including directory.
if os.path.isfile(filename) is used to check if filename variable is file or directory, if it is file then we can read that file.
Here I am printing file.
If you want a flat list of all paths under a given dir (like find . in the shell):
files = [
os.path.join(parent, name)
for (parent, subdirs, files) in os.walk(YOUR_DIRECTORY)
for name in files + subdirs
]
To only include full paths to files under the base dir, leave out + subdirs.
I've found the following to be the easiest
from glob import glob
import os
files = [f for f in glob('rootdir/**', recursive=True) if os.path.isfile(f)]
Using glob('some/path/**', recursive=True) gets all files, but also includes directory names. Adding the if os.path.isfile(f) condition filters this list to existing files only
For my taste os.walk() is a little too complicated and verbose. You can do the accepted answer cleaner by:
all_files = [str(f) for f in pathlib.Path(dir_path).glob("**/*") if f.is_file()]
with open(outfile, 'wb') as fout:
for f in all_files:
with open(f, 'rb') as fin:
fout.write(fin.read())
fout.write(b'\n')
use os.path.join() to construct your paths - It's neater:
import os
import sys
rootdir = sys.argv[1]
for root, subFolders, files in os.walk(rootdir):
for folder in subFolders:
outfileName = os.path.join(root,folder,"py-outfile.txt")
folderOut = open( outfileName, 'w' )
print "outfileName is " + outfileName
for file in files:
filePath = os.path.join(root,file)
toWrite = open( filePath).read()
print "Writing '" + toWrite + "' to" + filePath
folderOut.write( toWrite )
folderOut.close()
os.walk does recursive walk by default. For each dir, starting from root it yields a 3-tuple (dirpath, dirnames, filenames)
from os import walk
from os.path import splitext, join
def select_files(root, files):
"""
simple logic here to filter out interesting files
.py files in this example
"""
selected_files = []
for file in files:
#do concatenation here to get full path
full_path = join(root, file)
ext = splitext(file)[1]
if ext == ".py":
selected_files.append(full_path)
return selected_files
def build_recursive_dir_tree(path):
"""
path - where to begin folder scan
"""
selected_files = []
for root, dirs, files in walk(path):
selected_files += select_files(root, files)
return selected_files
I think the problem is that you're not processing the output of os.walk correctly.
Firstly, change:
filePath = rootdir + '/' + file
to:
filePath = root + '/' + file
rootdir is your fixed starting directory; root is a directory returned by os.walk.
Secondly, you don't need to indent your file processing loop, as it makes no sense to run this for each subdirectory. You'll get root set to each subdirectory. You don't need to process the subdirectories by hand unless you want to do something with the directories themselves.
Try this:
import os
import sys
for root, subdirs, files in os.walk(path):
for file in os.listdir(root):
filePath = os.path.join(root, file)
if os.path.isdir(filePath):
pass
else:
f = open (filePath, 'r')
# Do Stuff
If you prefer an (almost) Oneliner:
from pathlib import Path
lookuppath = '.' #use your path
filelist = [str(item) for item in Path(lookuppath).glob("**/*") if Path(item).is_file()]
In this case you will get a list with just the paths of all files located recursively under lookuppath.
Without str() you will get PosixPath() added to each path.
This worked for me:
import glob
root_dir = "C:\\Users\\Scott\\" # Don't forget trailing (last) slashes
for filename in glob.iglob(root_dir + '**/*.jpg', recursive=True):
print(filename)
# do stuff
If just the file names are not enough, it's easy to implement a Depth-first search on top of os.scandir():
stack = ['.']
files = []
total_size = 0
while stack:
dirname = stack.pop()
with os.scandir(dirname) as it:
for e in it:
if e.is_dir():
stack.append(e.path)
else:
size = e.stat().st_size
files.append((e.path, size))
total_size += size
The docs have this to say:
The scandir() function returns directory entries along with file attribute information, giving better performance for many common use cases.