Pretty plot bar chart in python with matplotlib - python

I wrote a python code below to draw a bar chart for my data. I adjusted parameters but failed to make it beautiful(See attached pic).
The python code is shown below:
def plotElapsedDis(axis, jvm1, jvm2, ylabel, title, name):
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
#fig, ax = plt.subplots(111)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
## the data
N = len(jvm1)
#menMeans = [18, 35, 30, 35, 27]
#womenMeans = [25, 32, 34, 20, 25]
ind = np.arange(N)+1
width = 0.25 # the width of the bars
rects1 = ax.bar(ind-width, jvm1, width)
rects2 = ax.bar(ind, jvm2, width, color='r')
ax.set_ylabel(ylabel)
ax.set_title(title)
plt.xticks(ind , axis, rotation=-90)
ax.legend( (rects1[0], rects2[0]), ('Originl', 'Optimal') )
plt.savefig(name)
plt.close()
plotElapsedDis(keys, y_jvm1, y_jvm2, 'seconds', 'CPU Elapsed', '../tmp/cpu_elapsed.jpg')
The first three lists for plotElapsedDis are:
keys= [u'mergesort_hongli', u'so_object', u'gc_mb', u'socket_transfer_1mb', u'app_factorial', u'string_concat', u'printff', u'so_lists', u'so_lists_small', u'word_anagrams', u'fasta', u'count_multithreaded', u'app_mandelbrot', u'primes', u'nbody', u'app_fib', u'socket_transfer_1mb_noblock', u'nsieve_bits', u'gc_string', u'simple_server', u'gc_array', u'cal', u'spectral_norm', u'app_pentomino', u'so_sieve', u'eval', u'so_matrix', u'mbari_bogus1', u'fractal', u'simple_connect', u'partial_sums', u'pi', u'so_array', u'count_shared_thread', u'fiber_ring', u'list', u'binary_trees', u'app_tarai', u'monte_carlo_pi', u'observ', u'write_large']
y_jvm1= [20.703852000000001, 173.12867899999998, 74.149726000000001, 15.717608999999999, 26.226012000000001, 136.44825599999999, 46.775888000000002, 63.851292000000001, 13.929881, 71.078192999999999, 66.729854000000003, 92.045006000000001, 55.671535999999996, 24.082338, 46.349951999999995, 38.166196999999997, 15.777601000000001, 123.075288, 161.76140800000002, 12.053167, 60.597787000000004, 43.662361000000004, 45.789037999999998, 209.30117999999999, 32.190105000000003, 48.988551000000001, 55.191608000000002, 52.242056999999996, 89.343417000000002, 12.721064999999999, 109.08541600000001, 24.236315000000001, 19.817986000000001, 226.82451600000002, 100.985647, 60.686772999999995, 55.589548000000001, 69.965362999999996, 35.801557000000003, 25.728088, 16.169540999999999]
y_jvm2= [19.938967999999999, 178.796818, 67.512734999999992, 15.787599, 26.058038, 137.27913000000001, 12.535093, 59.649929999999998, 13.865891000000001, 60.618783000000001, 68.384602999999998, 283.39391599999999, 56.349432, 24.923209999999997, 44.113292999999999, 40.564831999999996, 12.393115, 120.76664, 152.30684499999998, 12.195145, 64.276227000000006, 18.565175999999997, 48.006701, 212.65967000000001, 32.544051000000003, 49.798428000000001, 58.516103000000001, 17.243377000000002, 92.973864999999989, 12.519096000000001, 111.39406500000001, 27.048887000000001, 20.014955999999998, 280.62933700000002, 86.977775999999992, 61.553642000000004, 50.455328000000002, 70.610264999999998, 28.390682999999999, 28.378685000000001, 17.351361000000001]
The problems with this generated pic above are that:
The label for x-aixs are too long, which are truncated(out of figure border).
Distict the bars by others instead of color. Since the pic will be print so that distinction by color would not be work. How to fill bars of one group with different style (e.g, the last bar infigure).
I will appreciate if anyone can help adjust the outlook of this pic. Thanks!

I would consider you clean up the names a little bit, that should help. Once you do that, you can change the rotation to 45 which will make it look better.
You can do that by changing plt.xticks(ind , axis, rotation=90) to plt.xticks("range", "custom label list", rotation=90)
def plotElapsedDis(axis, jvm1, jvm2, ylabel, title, name):
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
#fig, ax = plt.subplots(111)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
## the data
N = len(jvm1)
#menMeans = [18, 35, 30, 35, 27]
#womenMeans = [25, 32, 34, 20, 25]
ind = np.arange(N)+1
width = 0.25 # the width of the bars
# add "hatch"
rects1 = ax.bar(ind-width, jvm1, width, color='white', edgecolor='black', hatch="*")
rects2 = ax.bar(ind, jvm2, width, color='white', edgecolor='black', hatch='//')
ax.set_ylabel(ylabel)
ax.set_title(title)
plt.xticks(ind , axis, rotation=90)
ax.legend( (rects1[0], rects2[0]), ('Originl', 'Optimal') )
fig.tight_layout() # make sure it fits
plt.show()
plotElapsedDis(keys, y_jvm1, y_jvm2, 'seconds', 'CPU Elapsed', '../tmp/cpu_elapsed.jpg')

Related

How to mask data that appears in the ocean using cartopy and matplotlib

Not at all sure what I'm doing wrong besides perhaps the order that I am plotting the ocean in. I am trying to get the ocean feature in to mask the data in the ocean. I am trying to get data to not appear in the ocean and to get the ax.add_feature(cfeature.OCEAN) to be on top of the temperature data I am plotting so I see ocean and no data. Similar to what is happening in the great lakes region where you see lakes and no temperature data.
proj_map = ccrs.Mercator(central_longitude=cLon)
proj_data = ccrs.PlateCarree()
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(30,20))
ax = fig.add_subplot(1,1,1, projection=proj_map)
ax.set_extent([-84,-66,37,47.5])
CT = ax.contourf(Tlat, Tlon, tempF, transform=temp.metpy.cartopy_crs, levels=clevs,
cmap=cmap)
ax.add_feature(cfeature.COASTLINE.with_scale('10m'), linewidth=0.5)
ax.add_feature(cfeature.OCEAN)
ax.add_feature(cfeature.LAKES)
ax.add_feature(cfeature.BORDERS, linewidth=0.5)
ax.add_feature(cfeature.STATES.with_scale('10m'), linewidth=0.5)
ax.add_feature(USCOUNTIES.with_scale('20m'), linewidth=0.25)
cbar = fig.colorbar(CT, orientation='horizontal', shrink=0.5, pad=0.05)
cbar.ax.tick_params(labelsize=14)
cbar.set_ticks([-50, -40, -30, -20, -10, 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100,
110, 120])
cbar.ax.set_xlabel("Temp ($^\circ$F)",fontsize=20)
Here is what the image looks like
You need to use zorder option to specify proper orders of the plot on the map. Features with largers values of zorder will be plotted on top of those with lower values. In your case, you need zorder of the OCEAN larger than the filled-contour.
Here is a runnable demo code and its sample plot. Read comments in the code for explanation.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import cartopy.feature as cfeature
import numpy as np
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 8), subplot_kw=dict(projection=ccrs.PlateCarree()))
extent = [-84, -66, 37, 47.5]
# generate (x, y), centered at the middle of the `extent`
mean = [(extent[0]+extent[1])/2, (extent[2]+extent[3])/2] #mean
cov = [[7, 3.5], [3.5, 6]] #co-variance matrix
x, y = np.random.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, 4000).T
# make a 2D histogram
# set the edges of the bins in x and y directions
bin_size = 40
lonrange = np.linspace(extent[0], extent[1], bin_size)
latrange = np.linspace(extent[2], extent[3], bin_size)
# the cell sizes of the bins:
dx = (lonrange[1]- lonrange[0])/2
dy = (latrange[3]- latrange[2])/2
# compute array of center points of the bins' grid
# the dimensions of mesh-grid < the edges by 1
lonrange2 = np.linspace(extent[0]+dx, extent[1]-dx, bin_size-1)
latrange2 = np.linspace(extent[2]+dy, extent[3]-dy, bin_size-1)
x2d, y2d = np.meshgrid(lonrange2, latrange2)
# create 2d-histogram
# zorder is set = 10
h = ax.hist2d(x, y, bins=[lonrange, latrange], zorder=10, alpha=0.75)
#h: (counts, xedges, yedges, image)
ax.add_feature(cfeature.OCEAN, zorder=12) #zorder > 10
ax.add_feature(cfeature.BORDERS, linewidth=0.5)
ax.gridlines(draw_labels=True, xlocs=list(range(-85, -60, 5)), ylocs=list(range(35, 50, 5)),
linewidth=1.8, color='gray', linestyle='--', alpha=0.8, zorder=20)
# plot colorbar, using image from hist2d's result
plt.colorbar(h[3], ax=ax, shrink=0.45)
# finally, show the plot.
plt.show()
The output plot:
If zorder option is not specified:
ax.add_feature(cfeature.OCEAN)
the plot will be:

How to limit lower error of bar plot to 0?

I calculated the rttMeans and rttStds arrays. However, the value of rttStds makes the lower error less than 0.
rttStds = [3.330311915835426, 3.3189677330174883, 3.3319538853150386, 3.325173772304221, 3.3374145232695813]
How to set lower error to 0 instead of -#?
The python bar plot code is bellow.
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
sns.set(rc={'figure.figsize':(18,16)},style='ticks',font_scale = 1.5,font='serif')
N = 5
ind = ['RSU1', 'RSU2', 'RSU3', 'RSU4', 'RSU5'] # the x locations for the groups
width = 0.4 # the width of the bars: can also be len(x) sequence
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10,6))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
p1 = plt.bar(ind, rttMeans, width, yerr=rttStds, log=False, capsize = 16, color='green', hatch="/", error_kw=dict(elinewidth=3,ecolor='black'))
plt.margins(0.01, 0)
#Optional code - Make plot look nicer
plt.xticks(rotation=0)
i=0.18
for row in rttMeans:
plt.text(i, row, "{0:.1f}".format(row), color='black', ha="center")
i = i + 1
ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
params = {'axes.titlesize':24,
'axes.labelsize':24,
'xtick.labelsize':28,
'ytick.labelsize':28,
'legend.fontsize': 24,
'axes.spines.right':False,
'axes.spines.top':False}
plt.rcParams.update(params)
plt.tick_params(axis="y", labelsize=28, labelrotation=20, labelcolor="black")
plt.tick_params(axis="x", labelsize=28, labelrotation=20, labelcolor="black")
plt.ylabel('RT Time (millisecond)', fontsize=24)
plt.title('# Participating RSUs', fontsize=24)
# plt.savefig('RSUs.pdf', bbox_inches='tight')
plt.show()
You can pass yerr as a pair [lower_errors, upper_errors] where you can control lower_errors :
lowers = np.minimum(rttStds,rttMeans)
p1 = plt.bar(ind, rttMeans, width, yerr=[lowers,rttStds], log=False, capsize = 16, color='green', hatch="/", error_kw=dict(elinewidth=3,ecolor='black'))
Output:

Basemap is returning blank after add meridians, paralles and scale

I am trying to plot a depth map using Basemap in python. The contour and pcolormesh are working, but them when I add meridians, parallels and scale is returning a blank image.
I have tried to plot one by one, excluding meridians and paralles, and adding just scale, but returns a blank map and it is the same with the others. I used the same code before and it was working...
import netCDF4 as nc
from netCDF4 import Dataset
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap
from matplotlib import ticker
grid = nc.Dataset('remo_grd.nc', mode='r')
h = grid.variables['h'][:]
h = h.astype(int)
h=-h
lon= grid.variables['lon_rho'][:]
lat= grid.variables['lat_rho'][:]
latmin = np.min(lat)
latmax= np.max(lat)
lonmax= np.max(lon)
lonmin= np.min(lon)
fig = plt.figure(1, figsize = (7,5.4), dpi = 100)
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
m = Basemap(projection='merc', llcrnrlon=lonmin-0.2, urcrnrlon=lonmax+0.2, llcrnrlat=latmin-0.2, urcrnrlat=latmax+0.2, lat_ts=0, resolution='i')
xi, yi = m(lon,lat)
m.ax = ax
cs= m.pcolormesh(xi, yi, np.squeeze(h), shading = 'flat', zorder = 2)
levels = [-1000, -200]
a = m.contour(xi, yi, np.squeeze(h), levels, colors = 'black', linestyles = 'solid', linewidth= 1.5, extend = 'both', zorder = 3 )
plt.clabel(a, inline=2, fontsize= 10, linewidth= 1.0, fmt = '%.f', zorder= 4)
ax.text(0.5, -0.07, 'Longitude', transform=ax.transAxes, ha='center', va='center', fontsize = '10')
ax.text(-0.15, 0.5, 'Latitude', transform=ax.transAxes, ha= 'center', va='center', rotation='vertical', fontsize = '10')
m.drawcoastlines(linewidth=1.5, color = '0.1',zorder=5)
m.fillcontinents(color=('gray'),zorder=5 )
m.drawstates(linewidth = 0.5, zorder = 7)
m.drawmapboundary(color = 'black', zorder = 8, linewidth =1.2)
m.drawparallels(np.arange(int(latmin),int(latmax),3),labels=[1,0,0,0], linewidth=0.0, zorder =0)
m.drawmeridians(np.arange(int(lonmin),int(lonmax),3),labels=[0,0,0,1], linewidth=0.0)
cbar = plt.colorbar(cs, shrink=0.97, extend = 'both')
cbar.set_ticks([-10, -250, -500, -750, -1000, -1250, -1500, -1750, -2000, -2250, -2500])
cbar.set_ticklabels([-10, -250, -500, -750, -1000, -1250, -1500, -1750, -2000, -2250, -2500])
cbar.set_label('Meters (m)' , size = 10, labelpad = 20, rotation = 270)
ax = cbar.ax.tick_params(labelsize = 9)
titulo='Depth'
plt.title(titulo, va='bottom', fontsize='12')
#plot scale
dref=200
# Coordinates
lat0=m.llcrnrlat+0.9
lon0=m.llcrnrlon+1.9
#Tricked distance to provide to the the function
distance=dref/np.cos(lat0*np.pi/180.)
# Due to the bug, the function will draw a bar of length dref
scale=m.drawmapscale(lon0,lat0,lon0,lat0,distance, barstyle='fancy', units='km', labelstyle='simple',fillcolor1='w', fillcolor2='#555555', fontcolor='#555555', zorder = 8)
#Modify the labels with dref instead of distance
scale[12].set_text(dref/2)
scale[13].set_text(dref)
plt.show()
I've solved the problem! I was setting a specific order to plot each one of the details using the function zorder, so I was overlapping the data

Showing two data sets of `ax2.set_xticklabels` in a subplot

I have an upper subplot that shows two data sets: orange and green.
The following code shows the xtick labels of the green data set,
in the ax2 axis of the upper subplot (axis labelled as X2 in the figure):
ind_pos_Pd3 = [0, 4, 8, 12, 16]
axarr[0].set_xticks(X1_green[ind_pos_Pd3])
ax2.set_xticks(X1_green[ind_pos_Pd3])
ax2.set_xticklabels(["%.2f" % i for i in X2_green[ind_pos_Pd3]])
On the contrary, the following code shows the the xtick labels of the orange data set,
in the ax2 axis of the upper subplot (axis labelled as X2 in the figure):
ind_pos_Bd3 = [0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32]
axarr[0].set_xticks(X1_orange[ind_pos_Bd3])
ax2.set_xticks(X1_orange[ind_pos_Bd3])
ax2.set_xticklabels(["%.2f" % i for i in X2_orange[ind_pos_Bd3]])
Is there a way to "mix" both schemes and achieve a ax2 axis divided into two panels: the "lower panel" is filled with the labels from the green data set, and the "upper panel" is filled with the labels from the orange data set ?
Something like:
I was thinking on this pseudo-code:
ind_pos_Bd3 = [0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32]
ind_pos_Pd3 = [0, 4, 8, 12, 16]
axarr[0].set_xticks(X1_orange[ind_pos_Bd3])
axarr[0].set_xticks(X1_green[ind_pos_Pd3])
ax2.set_xticks(X1_green[ind_pos_Pd3])
ax2.set_xticklabels(["%.2f \n %.2f" % i for i in zip(X2_orange[ind_pos_Bd3], X1_green[ind_pos_Pd3]])
However, the "%.2f \n %.2f" scheme is not working.
Minimal working example:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.ticker as mtick
X1_orange = np.array([ 10., 30.1, 50.2, 70.3, 90.4, 110.51, 130.61, 150.71, 170.81,
190.91, 211.01, 231.11, 251.21, 271.31, 291.41, 311.52, 331.62, 351.72,
371.82, 391.92, 412.02, 432.12, 452.22, 472.32, 492.42, 512.53, 532.63,
552.73, 572.83, 592.93, 613.03, 633.13, 653.23])
X2_orange = np.array([ 2.56691976, 2.5781089 , 2.59624855, 2.62275805, 2.64568568, 2.66607658,
2.6959714 , 2.7231501 , 2.75529391, 2.78894345, 2.81573712, 2.84711104,
2.88437499, 2.9191375 , 2.95033337, 2.99340594, 3.02206115, 3.06383265,
3.08649135, 3.12707204, 3.18500195, 3.24240915, 3.25965166, 3.36137181,
3.35468811, 3.42661704, 3.46254097, 3.61136855, 3.65505401, 3.89043407,
3.80421353, 3.79380128, 4.01570509])
X1_green = np.array([ 10. , 30.1 , 50.2 , 70.3 , 90.4 , 110.51, 130.61, 150.71, 170.81,
190.91, 211.01, 231.11, 251.21, 271.31, 291.41, 311.52, 331.62])
X2_green = np.array([ 1.9894731 , 2.00259207, 2.01875725, 2.04333825, 2.07700656, 2.09629866,
2.14727031, 2.17488234, 2.2499103 , 2.2698862 , 2.31607409, 2.41452705,
2.50847008, 2.61117044, 2.70657103, 3.25283819, 3.31585812])
Y0_orange = np.array([-1.87483583, -1.82358431, -1.78627169, -1.75242213, -1.7299256 , -1.69363695,
-1.64623615, -1.59656948, -1.56967972, -1.55058869, -1.51874314, -1.45673839,
-1.40554361, -1.39904184, -1.35322104, -1.33906865, -1.30865871, -1.28099683,
-1.24897269, -1.19802619, -1.17268543, -1.13523614, -1.09290541, -1.05642197,
-1.00189406, -0.95390527, -0.90890049, -0.82522042, -0.76334378, -0.64504498,
-0.62782754, -0.47358849, -0.49772039])
Y0_green = np.array([-1.97113854, -1.92908192, -1.84404067, -1.75333855, -1.67575628, -1.58010168,
-1.48746063, -1.40770641, -1.31802444, -1.2302243 , -1.14927205, -1.04251178,
-0.91661452, -0.82924669, -0.65075739, -0.37715382, -0.21349827])
##### THREE SUBPLOTS::
###### Y0 plot:
f, axarr = plt.subplots(3, sharex=True, figsize=(11,5))
axarr[0].plot(X1_orange, Y0_orange, linestyle='--', marker="o", markersize=6, color='orange')
axarr[0].plot(X1_green, Y0_green, linestyle='--', marker="o", markersize=6, color='green')
axarr[0].set_ylabel('Y0', fontsize=15)
# Create a new axis:
axarr[0].grid()
ax2 = axarr[0].twiny()
# Make the ax1-ticks and ax1-tick-labels match the line color (blue):
axarr[0].tick_params('x', colors='blue')
# Make the ax2-ticks and ax2-tick-labels match the red color:
# this only controls the font and color of label
ax2.set_xlabel('x2', fontsize=14, color='red')
# this also adds the numbers on top of the tics,
# but sets the colors of the tics
ax2.tick_params('x', colors='orange')
# Set xlimits of ax2 the same as ax1
ax2.set_xlim(axarr[0].get_xlim())
# Set ticks at desired position
ind_pos_Bd3 = [0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32]
axarr[0].set_xticks(X1_orange[ind_pos_Bd3])
ax2.set_xticks(X1_orange[ind_pos_Bd3])
ax2.set_xticklabels(["%.2f" % i for i in X2_orange[ind_pos_Bd3]])
#ind_pos_Pd3 = [0, 4, 8, 12, 16]
#axarr[0].set_xticks(X1_green[ind_pos_Pd3])
#ax2.set_xticks(X1_green[ind_pos_Pd3])
#ax2.set_xticklabels(["%.2f" % i for i in X2_green[ind_pos_Pd3]])
# Just to align the Delta_V ylabel to the other 3 ylabel's
labelx = -0.075 # very close to the plot
axarr[0].yaxis.set_label_coords(labelx, 0.5, transform=None)
##### Y1 plot:
#f, axarr = plt.subplots(3, sharex=True)
axarr[1].set_ylabel('Y1', fontsize=15)
# Create a new axis:
axarr[1].grid()
ax2 = axarr[1].twiny()
# Make the ax1-ticks and ax1-tick-labels match the line color (blue):
axarr[1].tick_params('x', colors='blue')
# Make the ax2-ticks and ax2-tick-labels match the red color:
ax2.tick_params('x', colors='red')
ax2.set_xticklabels([]) # disable the tic labels
# Set xlimits of ax2 the same as ax1
ax2.set_xlim(axarr[1].get_xlim())
# Set ticks at desired position
ind_pos_Bd3 = [0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32]
axarr[1].set_xticks(X1_orange[ind_pos_Bd3])
ax2.set_xticks(X1_orange[ind_pos_Bd3])
# Label ticks of ax2 with values from X2
#ax2.set_xticklabels(["%.2f" % i for i in P])
axarr[1].yaxis.set_major_formatter(mtick.FormatStrFormatter('%1.e'))
#### Y2 plot:
axarr[2].set_ylabel('Y2', fontsize=15)
# Create a new axis:
axarr[2].grid()
ax2 = axarr[2].twiny()
# Make the ax1-ticks and ax1-tick-labels match the line color (blue):
axarr[2].tick_params('x', colors='blue')
# Make the ax2-ticks and ax2-tick-labels match the red color:
axarr[2].set_xlabel('X1', fontsize=14, color='blue')
# this also adds the numbers on top of the tics,
# but sets the colors of the tics
axarr[2].tick_params('x', colors='blue')
# Make the ax2-ticks and ax2-tick-labels match the red color:
ax2.tick_params('x', colors='red')
ax2.set_xticklabels([]) # disable the tic labels
# Set xlimits of ax2 the same as ax1
ax2.set_xlim(axarr[2].get_xlim())
# Set ticks at desired position
ind_pos_Bd3 = [0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32]
axarr[2].set_xticks(X1_orange[ind_pos_Bd3])
ax2.set_xticks(X1_orange[ind_pos_Bd3])
# Label ticks of ax2 with values from X2
axarr[2].yaxis.set_major_formatter(mtick.FormatStrFormatter('%1.e'))
plt.show()
The trick is to add a new twin axis for each row of tick labels you want.
You can then position them properly setting the pad parameter in tick_params.
Allow me to make your example a little smaller so it's easier to follow
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.ticker as mtick
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12,2))
np.random.seed(42)
x0 = np.arange(50)
y0 = np.random.rand(50)
x1 = np.arange(30)
y1 = np.random.rand(30) + 0.7
ax.plot(x0, y0, ls='--', marker='o', ms=6, color='orange')
ax.grid(True)
ax.tick_params('x', colors='blue')
ax.set_xlabel('x1', fontsize=14, color='blue')
ax.set_ylabel('y', fontsize=14)
tax1 = ax.twiny()
tax1.set_xlim(ax.get_xlim())
tax1.tick_params('x', colors='orange', pad=14)
tax1.set_xlabel('x2', fontsize=14, color='red', labelpad=6)
tax2 = ax.twiny()
tax2.set_xlim(ax.get_xlim())
tax2.plot(x1, y1, ls='--', marker='o', ms=6, color='green')
tax2.tick_params('x', colors='green')
tax2.set_xticks([0, 10, 20, 30])
fig.savefig('img.png', pad_inches=0, bbox_inches='tight')
As you pointed out in the comments an issue with this plot is that you get green and orange tick lines and you would like to have them in red just like the x2 label.
You can hide the green tick lines setting length=0 in tick_params, draw the orange plot ticks in red first and then set labels color to orange.
Here's the modified code
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.ticker as mtick
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12,2))
np.random.seed(42)
x0 = np.arange(50)
y0 = np.random.rand(50)
x1 = np.arange(30)
y1 = np.random.rand(30) + 0.7
ax.plot(x0, y0, ls='--', marker='o', ms=6, color='orange')
ax.grid(True)
ax.tick_params('x', colors='blue')
ax.set_xlabel('x1', fontsize=14, color='blue')
ax.set_ylabel('y', fontsize=14)
tax1 = ax.twiny()
tax1.set_xlim(ax.get_xlim())
tax1.tick_params('x', colors='red', pad=14)
tax1.set_xlabel('x2', fontsize=14, color='red', labelpad=6)
[x.set_color("orange") for x in tax1.get_xticklabels()]
tax2 = ax.twiny()
tax2.set_xlim(ax.get_xlim())
tax2.plot(x1, y1, ls='--', marker='o', ms=6, color='green')
tax2.tick_params('x', colors='green', pad=6, length=0)
tax2.set_xticks([0, 10, 20, 30])
fig.savefig('img2.png', pad_inches=0, bbox_inches='tight')

python: How to plot and put annotation at a natural position

I am using python to plot and my codes are:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
# these are the data to be plot
x = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]
x_test = ['grid50', 'grid100', 'grid150', 'grid250', 'grid500', 'grid750', 'NN5', 'NN10', 'NN15', 'NN20', 'NN50', 'NN100', 'CB', 'CBG']
clf = [0.58502, 0.60799, 0.60342, 0.59629, 0.56464, 0.53757, 0.62567, 0.63429, 0.63583, 0.63239, 0.63315, 0.63156, 0.60630, 0.52755]
hitrate = [0.80544, 0.89422, 0.94029, 0.98379, 0.99413, 0.99921, 0.99478, 0.99961, 0.99997, 0.99980, 0.99899, 0.99991, 0.88435, 1.0]
level = [23.04527, 9.90955, 4.35757, 1.46438, 0.51277, 0.15071, 1.30057, 0.00016, 0.00001, 0.00021, 0.00005, 0.00004, 6.38019, 0]
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20,7))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
fig.subplots_adjust(right=0.8)
# this is the function to put annotation on bars
def autolabel(rects):
# attach some text labels
for ii,rect in enumerate(rects):
height = rect.get_height()
plt. text(rect.get_x()+rect.get_width()/2., 1.02*height, '%s'% (clf[ii]),ha='center', va='bottom')
plt.xticks(x,x_test)
# this part is to plot the red bar charts
ins1 = ax.bar(x,clf,color='Red', align='center',label='classification results')
ax.set_ylabel('classification results', color='Red')
ax.tick_params(axis='y',colors='Red')
ax.set_ylim(0,1.5)
autolabel(ins1)
# this part is to plot the green hitrate and the for-loop is to put annotation next to the line
ax2 = ax.twinx()
ins2, = ax2.plot(x,hitrate,marker='o',color='Green', linewidth=3.0, label='hitrate')
ax2.set_ylabel('hitrate', color='Green')
ax2.tick_params(axis='y',colors='Green')
ax2.set_ylim(0,1.5)
for i,j in zip(x, hitrate):
ax2.annotate(str(j),xy=(i,j+0.02))
# this part is to plot the blue level, forloop same as that of hitrate
ax3 = ax.twinx()
axes = [ax, ax2, ax3]
ax3.spines['right'].set_position(('axes', 1.1))
ax3.set_frame_on(True)
ax3.patch.set_visible(False)
ins3, = ax3.plot(x,level,marker='^', color='Blue', linewidth=3.0, label='obfuscation level')
ax3.set_ylabel('obfuscation level', color='Blue')
ax3.tick_params(axis='y',colors='Blue')
ax3.set_ylim(0,25)
for i,j in zip(x, level):
ax3.annotate(str(j),xy=(i,j+0.02))
ax.set_xlabel('Cell Configurations')
ax.set_xlim(0,15)
ax.set_title('benchmark')
ax.legend([ins1,ins2,ins3],['clf', 'hit', 'level'])
plt.grid()
plt.show()
And I got a figure like :
The problem is that, some numbers are not put in a good place so to be read clearly, but I don't know whether there is a method to put the annotation naturally at a blank area. Any ideas?

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