Develop Reference

Python3-Turtle: Pen color not changing

I have a function that draws a brick wall, with the option to set a certain pen color before the wall is drawn, however it seems that the brick is drawn as green no matter what I do:
def draw_brick(length, width):
t.color("green")
t.begin_fill()
for i in range(2):
t.forward(length)
t.right(90)
t.forward(width)
t.right(90)
t.end_fill()
def draw_row(row_type, bricks):
if row_type == "A":
for i in range(bricks):
draw_brick(50, 30)
t.penup()
t.forward(70)
t.pendown()
elif row_type == "B":
draw_brick(12, 30)
t.penup()
t.forward(35)
t.pendown()
for i in range(bricks - 1):
draw_brick(50, 30)
t.penup()
t.forward(70)
t.pendown()
t.penup()
t.pendown()
draw_brick(12, 30)
def draw_brick_wall(rows, brick, top_row, new_color):
t.pencolor(new_color)
if top_row == "A":
drawing_A = True
else:
drawing_A = False
for i in range(rows):
next_position = (t.xcor(), t.ycor() - 40)
if drawing_A:
draw_row("A", brick)
else:
draw_row("B", brick)
drawing_A = not (drawing_A)
move_no_trails(next_position[0], next_position[1])
# resets turtle to postion (x, y)
def move_no_trails(x, y):
t.penup()
t.goto(x, y)
t.pendown()
For some reason, though, the pen color of the turtle doesn't change. What could I do to remedy this?

Once I add a compatible draw_brick() function, your code works fine for me:
from turtle import Screen, Turtle
def draw_brick(width, height):
for _ in range(2):
turtle.forward(width)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.forward(height)
turtle.left(90)
def draw_row(row_type, bricks):
if row_type == "A":
for _ in range(bricks):
draw_brick(50, 30)
turtle.penup()
turtle.forward(70)
turtle.pendown()
elif row_type == "B":
draw_brick(12, 30)
turtle.penup()
turtle.forward(35)
turtle.pendown()
for _ in range(bricks-1):
draw_brick(50, 30)
turtle.penup()
turtle.forward(70)
turtle.pendown()
draw_brick(12, 30)
# resets turtle to postion (x, y)
def move_no_trails(x, y):
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(x, y)
turtle.pendown()
def draw_brick_wall(rows, brick, top_row, new_color):
turtle.pencolor(new_color)
drawing_A = top_row == "A"
for _ in range(rows):
next_x, next_y = turtle.xcor(), turtle.ycor() - 40
if drawing_A:
draw_row("A", brick)
else:
draw_row("B", brick)
drawing_A = not drawing_A
move_no_trails(next_x, next_y)
screen = Screen()
turtle = Turtle()
turtle.speed('fastest') # because I have no patience
draw_brick_wall(1, 5, "A", "red")
draw_brick_wall(1, 5, "B", "blue")
draw_brick_wall(1, 5, "A", "orange")
draw_brick_wall(1, 5, "B", "green")
screen.exitonclick()
If, however, your draw_brick() function is drawing a filled brick, then you'll need to change the call to pencolor(new_color) in draw_brick_wall() to either fillcolor(new_color) to set the fill color or color(new_color) to set both the pen and fill colors.

Labeling a game board in python using turtle graphics

I'm currently making a 5x5 grid for a snakes and ladder but can't figure out how to display the numbers on the grid in this formation;
21,22,23,24,25
20,19,18,17,16
11,12,13,14,15
10, 9, 8, 7, 6
1 , 2, 3, 4, 5
The code I've wrote makes the 5x5 grid, I'm juts note sure how to add the labels of if I should take a
different approach with the code.
thanks for any help.
import turtle
t = turtle.Turtle()
speed = turtle.speed()
t.speed(10)
x=250
y=250
t.penup()
t.goto(-x,y)
t.pendown()
turtle.hideturtle()
turtle.ht()
for a in range(5):
t.penup()
t.goto(-x,-y)
t.pendown()
y=y-100
for b in range(5):
for n in range(5):
t.speed(10)
t.fd(100)
if n!=4:
t.right(90) here

Here's a solution that uses much of your existing logic, tweaking it a bit, and adds the numbers:
from turtle import Screen, Turtle
FONT_SIZE = 18
FONT = ('Arial', FONT_SIZE, 'bold')
BOXES = 5
BOX_SIZE = 100
screen = Screen()
turtle = Turtle()
turtle.hideturtle()
turtle.speed('fastest')
x = -BOX_SIZE * BOXES / 2
y = -BOX_SIZE * BOXES / 2
for i in range(BOXES):
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(x, y)
turtle.pendown()
for j in range(BOXES):
for _ in range(4):
turtle.forward(BOX_SIZE)
turtle.left(90)
dx, dy = turtle.position()
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(dx + BOX_SIZE/2, dy + BOX_SIZE/2 - FONT_SIZE / 2)
turtle.write(j + BOXES * i + 1, align='center', font=FONT)
turtle.setposition(dx, dy)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.forward(BOX_SIZE)
y += BOX_SIZE
screen.exitonclick()
Centering-wise, the vertical font correction (FONT_SIZE / 2) is an approximation that works fine on my system but if you want an accurate solution for all systems, see this answer

How do I make this a 6 sized snowflake instead of 8?

Not originally my code:
import turtle
wn = turtle.Screen()
wn.bgcolor('Black')
wn.setup( width = 250, height = 250)
turtle = turtle.Turtle()
def snowflake (size, pensize, x, y):
""" function that draws a snowflake """
turtle.speed(100)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(x, y)
turtle.forward(10*size)
turtle.left(45)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.color('white')
for x in range (8):
branch(size)
turtle.left(45)
def branch (size):
for z in range (3):
for z in range (3):
turtle.forward(10.0*size/3)
turtle.backward(10.0*size/3)
turtle.right(45)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.backward(10.0*size/3)
turtle.left(45)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(10.0*size)
snowflake(8, 6, 0, 0)
wn.exitonclick()

If it's not originally your code, your should provide proper blame, I mean credit for it. The issue with this code is that the base angle 45 is being used to generate the 8-sided snowflake as well as the angle of the small branches. So when we go to use 60 for a 6-sided snowflake, it's hard to know which 45's (or 90's) to replace and which to keep. The author of the original code didn't help any by starting the branch logic in the snowflake() function, before calling the branch() function. So let's tease out the two different uses of 45 degrees, make the code more explicit, and switch just the sides to 60 degrees:
from turtle import Screen, Turtle
SIDES = 6
BRANCH_ANGLE = 45
def snowflake(size, x, y):
""" function that draws a snowflake """
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(x, y)
turtle.forward(size)
turtle.left(BRANCH_ANGLE)
turtle.pendown()
for _ in range(SIDES):
branch(size)
turtle.left(BRANCH_ANGLE)
def branch(size):
for _ in range(3):
for _ in range(3):
turtle.forward(size / 3)
turtle.backward(size / 3)
turtle.right(BRANCH_ANGLE)
turtle.left(2 * BRANCH_ANGLE)
turtle.backward(size / 3)
turtle.left(BRANCH_ANGLE)
turtle.right(BRANCH_ANGLE + 360 / SIDES)
turtle.forward(size)
screen = Screen()
screen.bgcolor('black')
screen.setup(width=250, height=250)
turtle = Turtle()
turtle.color('white')
turtle.speed('fastest')
snowflake(80, 0, 0)
turtle.hideturtle()
screen.exitonclick()

Adding user checks to Python turtle tic-tac-toe game

import turtle
#1)draw board
sc= turtle.Screen()
sc.setup(300,300)
import turtle
sc= turtle.Screen()
sc.setup(300,300)
turtle.speed(0)
turtle.pensize(10)
turtle.bgcolor("black")
turtle.pencolor("white")
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-150,50)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.forward(300)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-150,-50)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.forward(300)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-50,150)
turtle.setheading(-90)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.forward(300)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(50,150)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.forward(300)
turtle.penup()
#2) X's and O's
turtle.pencolor("yellow")
def kreuz(x,y):
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(x+30,y-45)
turtle.setheading(-45)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.forward(50)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(x+60,y-40)
turtle.setheading(-130)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.forward(50)
turtle.penup()
def kreis(x,y):
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(x+50,y-80)
turtle.setheading(0)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.circle(20)
turtle.penup()
AlleTeile=["","","","","","","","",""]
nächsterZug="X"
def zeichneTeile (AlleTeile):
x = -150
y = 150
for einTeil in AlleTeile:
if einTeil=="X":
kreuz(x,y)
elif einTeil=="O":
kreis(x,y)
else:
print("leeres feld")
x=x+100
if x > 50:
x=-150
y=y-100
zeichneTeile(AlleTeile)
def geklickt(x,y):
global nächsterZug,AlleTeile
senkrecht= (x+150) // 100
waagrecht= (-y+150)// 100
Bereich= senkrecht+waagrecht*3
Bereich=int(Bereich)
print("Du klicktest auf Bereich-Nummer", Bereich)
AlleTeile[Bereich]=nächsterZug
if nächsterZug =="X":
nächsterZug="O"
else:
nächsterZug="X"
zeichneTeile(AlleTeile)
turtle.onscreenclick(geklickt)
turtle.mainloop()
I want to create this tic-tac-toe game using turtle in Python but I am stuck. The problem is that I keep drawing noughts and crosses on the game board after all 9 fields are full with noughts and crosses. How can I code this so that after 9 turns (9 fields) it is no longer possible to keep on drawing?

Since unused squares consist of an empty string in AlleTeile, this is trivial to fix since empty strings are False in a boolean context. At the top of geklickt(), after the global statement:
if all(AlleTeile):
print("All taken!")
return
We can reuse the same trick later in that function to prevent overwritting of existing squares. After the Bereich calculation, we can do something like:
print("Du klicktest auf Bereich-Nummer", Bereich, end="")
if AlleTeile[Bereich]:
print(" -- already taken!")
return
else:
print()
Here's my complete rework with the above changes, some turtle idoms, code cleanup and English translation courtesy of Google (and common sense):
from turtle import Screen, Turtle
# X's and O's
def cross(x, y):
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(x + 30, y - 35)
turtle.setheading(-45)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.forward(50)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(x + 60, y - 30)
turtle.setheading(-130)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.forward(50)
turtle.penup()
def nought(x, y):
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(x + 50, y - 70)
turtle.setheading(0)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.circle(20)
turtle.penup()
# Playing the game
def drawSquares():
screen.tracer(False) # because this routine is a graphics bottleneck
x, y = -150, 150
for square in AllSquares:
if square == "X":
cross(x, y)
elif square == "O":
nought(x, y)
x += 100
if x > 50:
x = -150
y -= 100
screen.tracer(True)
def clicked(x, y):
global turn
if all(AllSquares):
print("All taken!")
return
vertical = (x + 150) // 100
horizontal = (150 - y) // 100
Area = int(vertical + horizontal * 3)
print("You clicked area number", Area, end="")
if AllSquares[Area]:
print(" -- already taken!")
return
else:
print()
AllSquares[Area] = turn
if turn == "X":
turn = "O"
else:
turn = "X"
drawSquares()
# Draw the board
screen = Screen()
screen.setup(330, 330)
screen.bgcolor("black")
turtle = Turtle(visible=False)
turtle.pensize(10)
turtle.color("white")
turtle.speed('fastest')
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-150, 50)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.forward(300)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-150, -50)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.forward(300)
turtle.setheading(-90)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-50, 150)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.forward(300)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(50, 150)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.forward(300)
turtle.penup()
# Start the game
turtle.color("yellow")
AllSquares = ["", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ""]
turn = "X"
drawSquares()
screen.onscreenclick(clicked)
screen.mainloop()

Drawing a chessboard with Turtle (even number dimension fail)

I have written this Python code with turtle graphics for drawing a chessboard by given dimension. The problem I'm facing is when I enter an odd number everything works just fine:
The last square is also filled, I just didn't manage to screen shot it on time
But when I enter an even number, it's like:
Here's the code:
from turtle import *
import sys
def main():
dimension = int(input('Enter dimension: '))
side = 50
x_coord = -250
y_coord = 300
turtle = Turtle()
turtle.speed('fastest')
turtle.pensize(5)
for i in range(dimension ** 2):
if not i % dimension:
y_coord -= side
turtle.penup()
turtle.setx(x_coord)
turtle.sety(y_coord)
turtle.pendown()
if not i % 2:
turtle.begin_fill()
for _ in range(4):
turtle.forward(side)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(side)
turtle.end_fill()
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.exit(main())

A similar flag-based solution with alternate approaches. I don't understand what your main() layout gets you so I reworked it to be a potential library with the test code under __main__:
import turtle
def draw_board(dimension, x_coord, y_coord, side):
parity = False
for i in range(dimension ** 2):
if i % dimension == 0:
y_coord -= side
turtle.penup()
turtle.setpos(x_coord, y_coord)
turtle.pendown()
parity = parity != (dimension % 2 == 0) # logical XOR
if parity:
turtle.begin_fill()
for _ in range(4):
turtle.forward(side)
turtle.right(90)
if turtle.filling():
turtle.end_fill()
turtle.forward(side)
parity = not parity
if __name__ == '__main__':
size = int(input('Enter dimension: '))
turtle.speed('fastest')
turtle.pensize(5)
draw_board(size, -250, 300, 50)
turtle.hideturtle()
turtle.exitonclick()

I didnt look through your code, but it seems that the problem you have is that unlike a true chessboard, you change from white to black and vice versa when making a new line of squares, this example:
black,white,black,white
black,white,black,white
etc.
or black,white,black
white,black,white
etc.
while a chessboard is:
black,white,black,white
WHITE,black,white,black
BLACK....etc.
you see the difference?
so that seems to be the problem, il try to fix your code aswell, but i think you could manage that

I suggest setting a flag for when to fill instead of doing it only when it's an odd number from the range which is what trips you up since it doesn't go black white left to right, it reaches then end an then goes right to left.
Anyway, here is my edit, just a simple boolean which toggles each time except when going to new row. I also suggest using turtle.exitonclick instead of sys.exit
from turtle import *
def main():
dimension = int(input('Enter dimension: '))
side = 50
x_coord = -250
y_coord = 300
turtle = Turtle()
turtle.speed('fastest')
turtle.pensize(5)
fill = False
for i in range(dimension ** 2):
if not i % dimension:
y_coord -= side
turtle.penup()
turtle.setx(x_coord)
turtle.sety(y_coord)
turtle.pendown()
if not dimension % 2:
fill = not fill
if fill:
turtle.begin_fill()
for _ in range(4):
turtle.forward(side)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(side)
turtle.end_fill()
fill = not fill
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
exitonclick()

For Python 3,7 I would recommend this way
import turtle
turtle.speed(0)
turtle.up()
turtle.goto(-200,200)
turtle.down()
for row in range(8):
for col in range(8):
if col % 2 == row % 2:
turtle.forward(50)
continue
turtle.begin_fill()
for _ in range(4):
turtle.forward(50)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.end_fill()
turtle.forward(50)
turtle.backward(400)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(50)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.width(6)
for _ in range(4):
turtle.forward(400)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.hideturtle()
turtle.done()