So i want to know how to pin posts in django. When i click on check, and click create post, it should pin the post to the top. And newer posts will just appear bottom, without interfering with the pinned post. The pin system should also be able to pin multiple posts. So if i pin another post, both posts should stay at the top. The other not pinned posts should just appear below.
models.py
class AskSection(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
description = models.TextField()
user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
is_pin = models.BooleanField()
likes = models.ManyToManyField(User, related_name='likes', blank=True)
is_marked = models.BooleanField(default=False)
date_posted = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
class Meta:
ordering = ['-date_posted']
verbose_name_plural = "Ask Section"
def __str__(self):
return str(self.title)
forms.py
class AskSectionCreateForm(forms.ModelForm):
is_pin = forms.BooleanField(label="pin ask post", required=False)
class Meta:
model = AskSection
fields = ('title', 'description', 'is_pin')
widgets = {
'title': forms.TextInput(attrs={
'class': 'form-control'
}),
'description': forms.Textarea(attrs={
'class': 'form-control'
}),
}
views.py
#login_required
def create_ask_post(request):
if request.method == "POST":
form = AskSectionCreateForm(request.POST or None)
if form.is_valid():
title = form.cleaned_data.get('title')
description = form.cleaned_data.get('description')
is_pin = form.cleaned_data.get('is_pin')
obj = form.save(commit=False)
obj.title = title
obj.description = description
obj.is_pin = is_pin
obj.user = request.user
obj.save()
messages.success(request, f'You have posted {title} successfully')
return redirect('/details_ask/' + str(title) + '/')
else:
form = AskSectionCreateForm()
else:
form = AskSectionCreateForm()
context = {
'form': form
}
return render(request, "editor/create_ask_post.html", context)
html file
{% for question in all_questions %}
<!-- random HTML not important code --> <!-- code is related to just the styling of posts and just model fields -->
{% endfor %}
so please let me know how to do this. The HTML file isn't really important. It just contains the card, and model fields.
Thanks!
So you don't really need another field in your model you could just work with your DateTimeField but as commented before I would add a rank = models.Integerfield(default=0) to the AskSection model. (Don't forget to migrate)
you have a views.py file with a function where you set the context for your html (not the one you showed in your answer but the other one where you define all_questions). here you can set an order for all_questions like so all_questions = AskSection.objects.filter(user=request.user).order_by("rank", "-is_pin"). Your code might look a little different now I dont know if you filter by user I just assumed that...
When a User adds a new question you increase your the rank on the new question so you always have a clean order. Whenever a user "Pins" a question you take highest rank and add a number + set the Boolean to True.
An alternative way would be working with the Datefield date_posted like so
all_questions = AskSection.objects.filter(user=request.user).order_by("date_posted", "-is_pin"). in that case the date would act as a "rank". saves you a migration but its not as flexible as a Integerfield.
I am utterly confused and mortified by CBVs, seeking for help.
So I've designed the model structure and decided the url patterns as following, but simply can't write a valid CBV to facilitate the urls:
models.py
class Category(models.Model):
'''Category for men's and women's items'''
men = models.BooleanField()
women = models.BooleanField()
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
description = models.CharField(max_length=300, blank=True)
uploaded_date = models.DateTimeField(
auto_now_add=True, null=True, blank=True)
class Meta():
verbose_name_plural = 'Categories'
def __str__(self):
return ("Men's " + self.name) if self.men else ("Women's " + self.name)
class SubCategory(models.Model):
'''Sub-category for the categories (not mandatory)'''
category = models.ForeignKey(Category, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
description = models.CharField(max_length=300, blank=True)
uploaded_date = models.DateTimeField(
auto_now_add=True, null=True, blank=True)
class Meta():
verbose_name = 'Sub-category'
verbose_name_plural = 'Sub-categories'
def __str__(self):
return ("Men's " + self.name) if self.category.men else ("Women's " + self.name)
class Item(models.Model):
'''Each item represents a product'''
category = models.ForeignKey(Category, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
subcategory = models.ForeignKey(
SubCategory, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True)
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
description = models.TextField(blank=True)
price = models.IntegerField(default='0')
discount = models.IntegerField(null=True, blank=True)
uploaded_date = models.DateTimeField(
auto_now_add=True, null=True, blank=True)
class Meta:
ordering = ['-uploaded_date']
def __str__(self):
return self.name
def discounted_price(self):
'''to calculate the price after discount'''
return int(self.price * (100 - self.discount) * 0.01)
class ItemImage(models.Model):
item = models.ForeignKey(Item, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
image = models.ImageField(upload_to='itemimages', null=True, blank=True)
urls.py
app_name = 'boutique'
urlpatterns = [
# show index page
path('', views.IndexView.as_view(), name='index'),
# show categories of products for men or women
path('<slug:gender>/', views.ItemListView.as_view(), name='show-all'),
# show a specific category for men or women
path('<slug:gender>/cat_<int:category_pk>/', views.ItemListView.as_view(), name='category'),
# show a specific subcategory under a specific category for men or women
path('<slug:gender>/cat_<int:category_pk>/subcat_<int:subcategory_pk>/', views.ItemListView.as_view(), name='subcategory'),
# show a specific item
path('item_<int:item_pk>/', views.ItemDetailView.as_view(), name='item'),
]
views.py
class IndexView(ListView):
'''landing page'''
model = Category
template_name = 'boutique/index.html'
context_object_name = 'categories'
class ItemListView(ListView):
'''display a list of items'''
# model = Category ??? what's the point of declaring model when get_context_data() ???
template_name = 'boutique/items.html'
context_object_name = 'categories'
paginate_by = 12
def get_object(self):
obj = get_object_or_404(Category, pk=self.kwargs.get('category_pk'))
return obj
def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
context['categories'] = Category.objects.all() # for rendering nav bar data
return context
class ItemDetailView(DetailView):
'''display an individual item'''
# model = Item
template_name = 'boutique/item.html'
context_object_name = 'item'
def get_object(self):
return get_object_or_404(Item, pk=self.kwargs['item_pk'])
def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
context['categories'] = Category.objects.all()
return context
items.html
<a href="{% url 'boutique:show-all' 'women' %}> link to categories of product for women </a>
<a href="{% url 'boutique:category' 'women' category.pk %}> link to a cat for women </a>
<a href="{% url 'boutique:subcategory' 'women' category.pk subcategory.pk %}> link to a subcat under a specific cat for women </a>
Essentially, as you can see, I'd like the ItemListView to render multiple url paths depending on what value passed into the CBV... I can do it (pass multiple values) in a FBV, however, utterly confused by the mechanism of the CBVs...
So if anyone could write an example ItemListView and according anchor url template tags (if mine are incorrect), it would be tremendulent!!! Thanks!!!
EDIT 1
class ItemListView(ListView):
'''display a list of items'''
model = Item
template_name = 'boutique/items.html'
# paginate_by = 12
def get_queryset(self):
# get original queryset: Item.objects.all()
qs = super().get_queryset()
# filter items: men/women
if self.kwargs['gender'] == 'women':
qs = qs.filter(category__women=True)
elif self.kwargs['gender'] == 'men':
qs = qs.filter(category__men=True)
if self.kwargs.get('category_pk'):
qs = qs.filter(category=self.kwargs.get('category_pk'))
if self.kwargs.get('subcategory_pk'):
qs = qs.filter(subcategory=self.kwargs.get('subcategory_pk'))
# print(qs)
return qs
def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
# add categories for navbar link texts
context['categories'] = Category.objects.all()
if self.kwargs.get('gender') == 'women':
context['category_shown'] = Category.objects.filter(women=True)
if self.kwargs.get('gender') == 'men':
context['category_shown'] = Category.objects.filter(men=True)
if self.kwargs.get('category_pk'):
context['category_shown']=get_object_or_404(Category, pk=self.kwargs.get('category_pk'))
if self.kwargs.get('subcategory_pk'):
context['subcategory_shown']=get_object_or_404(SubCategory, pk=self.kwargs.get('subcategory_pk'))
# print(context)
return context
After FiddleStix' answer (I haven't gone thu bluegrounds thread yet), I tried and managed to make everything work except ItemDetailView.
The urls are working fine and the filtering of get_queryset function is working fine, however,
Question 1: I wonder this might not be DRY enough?! Nevertheless, it's working. so thanks!! But could it be dryer??
Question 2: when ItemDetailView runs, the urls appear to be correct, however, the page redirect to a page rendering all items from all categories...
class ItemDetailView(DetailView):
'''display an individual item'''
# model = Item
template_name = 'boutique/item.html'
def get_object(self):
print(get_object_or_404(Item, pk=self.kwargs.get('item_pk')))
return get_object_or_404(Item, pk=self.kwargs.get('item_pk'))
def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
# add categories for navbar link texts
# context['categories'] = Category.objects.all()
print(context)
return context
Neither is the object nor the context being printed out... and it doesn't prompt any error, either. I must have made a silly mistake somewhere!!
Answer to Question 2:
view.py
class ItemDetailView(DetailView):
'''display an individual item'''
model = Item
template_name = 'boutique/item.html'
The DetailView class should be simple if no customisation is needed, the problem is in the urlpatterns:
url.py
urlpatterns = [
path('item_<int:pk>', view.ItemDetailView.as_view(), name='item'),
]
Always use <pk> as the value passed in DetailView as it's the default. I used item_<int:item_pk> as the path url. That's why I had to use get_object() to manually get the item object (to override the default get_object()). As #bluegrounds answer suggests that the reason Class-based Views work well is they save time, for the default functions they possess.
If you wish to use item_<int:item_pk>, CBV offers the flexibility as well: simply override pk_url_kwargs = 'item_pk' in the View class - Feel free to check my other question: DetailView - get_object function confusion for clarification. #neverwalkaloner 's answer is very straightforward.
So first things first, CBVs...
They work by having "default" behaviours built into each one of them. For the ListView class, take this example view:
class ArticleListView(ListView):
model = Article
along with an example urlpattern:
path('all-articles/', ArticleListView.as_view())
and that's it. This is all that is essential for a ListView to work. This ArticleListView view would look for a template called article_list.html and in it you can use the context variable object_list to access all the Article objects that the class gets for you without you having to write the QuerySet explicitly.
Of course you can change these values, and customize the QuerySet, and do all kinds of things, but for that you'll have to study the docs. I personally find ccbv much easier to read than the docs. So for example you can see in ccbv's page about ListViews that the context_object_name = None which defaults to object_list, as mentioned above. You can change that to, for example context_object_name = 'my_articles'. You could also set the template_name = 'my_articles.html' and that will override the default template name pattern of <model>_list.html.
Now, about your code,
If you're sure that you want your URL structure to stay like it is, you could have your class view as follows to get the functionality you need:
class ItemListView(ListView):
template_name = 'boutique/items.html'
context_object_name = 'categories'
paginate_by = 12
def get_queryset(self):
# This method should return a queryset that represents the items to be listed in the view.
# I think you intend on listing categories in your view, in which case consider changing the view's name to CategoryListView. Just sayin'...
# An instance of this view has a dictionary called `kwargs` that has the url parameters, so you can do the following:
# You need some null assertions here because of the way you've setup your URLs
qs = Categories.objects.filter(men=self.kwargs['gender'], pk=self.kwargs['category_pk'])
return qs
As you can see, we didn't set many things in this class view for it to work. Namely, we didn't set the model variable as we did previously. That's because we wouldn't need it. The part that uses that variable was in the default get_queryset() method and we've overridden that method. See CCBV for more info on the default implementation of get_queryset().
Now the template will be supplied with the objects from get_queryset(), under the name categories, because that's what we set context_object_name's value to be.
NOTE: The variable model is used in other places other than get_queryset() such as the default template_name. The default template name is derived from the model name and the template_name_suffix. So if you don't set the model variable, make sure to set the template_name manually.
I'm not sure about your application's logic but I think you should change the Category model to have only one Boolean field that denotes gender. For example men if it is True and women if it's False. That way a category can't be for both men and women at the same time (unless that is something you need), and it also can't be for neither, because currently you can have a category be false for the both gender fields, which doesn't really make sense.
I would actually suggest a completely different solution that involves CHOICES, as such:
gender = models.IntegerField(null=False, CHOICES=[(1,'Men'), (2,'Women'), (3,'Other'), (4,'Unisex')], default=3)
This would store a number in the database that denotes the gender, and in your app you'll only see the correlating string (gender) to that number.
I have not tried this code on my machine so I might have missed a few things, but I hope I clarified the overall workings of CBVs.
To answer you main question, your ItemList should set model=models.Item, as alluded to in the error message, because it is meant to be a list of items.
I would set up your urls.py so that /items/ or /item_list/ goes to ItemListView.as_view(). If you then want to filter your list of items, I would not do it by changing the URL to /items/women/. Instead, I would use a URL query string like /items/?gender=women. How to do that is explained here but basically:
class ItemListView(ListView):
model = Item
template_name = "item_list.html"
paginate_by = 100
def get_queryset(self):
filter_val = self.request.GET.get('gender', 'some_default')
queryset = Item.objects.filter(
... # You'll have to work this bit out
)
return queryset
def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
context = super(MyView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
context['gender'] = self.request.GET.get('gender', 'some_default')
return context
Hi im following the tango with django tutorial.. I've searched for a solution to this but nothing!
the error:
IntegrityError at /rango/add_category/
UNIQUE constraint failed: rango_category.name
my model:
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Category(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=128, unique=True)
views = models.IntegerField(default=0)
likes = models.IntegerField(default=0)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.name
class Page(models.Model):
category = models.ForeignKey(Category) #ForeignKey denotes a relationship between page and category
title = models.CharField(max_length=128)
url = models.URLField()
views = models.IntegerField(default=0)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.title
my add_category view:
def add_category(request):
# Get the context from the request.
context = RequestContext(request)
# A HTTP POST?
if request.method == 'POST':
form = CategoryForm(request.POST)
#Have we been provided with a valid form?
if form.is_valid():
#save the new category to the database
form.save(commit=True)
# Now call the index() view.
# The user will be shown the Homepage.
return index(request)
else:
# The supplied form contained errors - just print them to the terminal
print (form.errors)
else:
form = CategoryForm()
# Bad form (or form details), no form supplied...
# Render the form with error message(if any).
return render_to_response('rango/add_category.html', {'form':form}, context)
my forms:
from django import forms
from rango.models import Page, Category
class CategoryForm(forms.ModelForm):
names = forms.CharField(max_length=128, help_text="please enter the category name.")
views = forms.IntegerField(widget=forms.HiddenInput(), initial=0)
likes = forms.IntegerField(widget=forms.HiddenInput(), initial=0)
#an inline class to to provide additional information on the form
class Meta:
# provide an association between the Modelform and a model
model = Category
fields = ('views', 'likes')
class PageForm(forms.ModelForm):
title = forms.CharField(max_length=128, help_text="Please enter the title of the page")
url = forms.URLField(max_length=200, help_text="Please enter the url of the page")
views = forms.IntegerField(widget=forms.HiddenInput(),initial=0)
class Meta:
# Provide an association between the ModelForm and a model
model = Page
#what fields do we want to include in our form
# this way we dont need every field in the model present
# Some fields may allow NULL values, so we may not want to include them...
# Here we are hiding.
fields = ('title', 'url', 'views')
'name' field is missing in CategoryForm's Meta 'fields'. Since Category::name is a unique field and default is not possible, any attempt to save will fail.
If the model does not allow the missing fields to be empty, and does
not provide a default value (not possible for unique) for the missing fields, any attempt to save() a ModelForm with missing fields will fail.
I am trying to include a search field inside my home page. It works for some of the module field. My problem is when I use a ForeignKey field (correct me please if I am wrong).
models.py
class Location(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
my_location = models.CharField(max_length=120, choices=LOCATION_CHOICES)
update_date = models.DateField(auto_now=True, null=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.my_location
class UserProfile(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(User)
# The additional attributes we wish to include.
user_base = models.CharField(max_length=120, choices=LOCATION_CHOICES)
user_position = models.CharField(max_length=120)
user_phone = models.PositiveIntegerField()
def __unicode__(self):
return self.user.username
views.py
def search_by_location(request):
if 'q' in request.GET and request.GET['q']:
q = request.GET['q']
locations = Location.objects.filter(my_location__icontains=q).order_by('-update_date')
else:
locations = Location.objects.order_by('-update_date')
context = {'locations': locations}
return render(request, 'index.html', context)
My problem is if I use user inside the filter query instead of my_location I receive the error:
Related Field got invalid lookup: icontains
Please any advice on how to troubleshoot or any documentation I can read.
You can use icontains lookup on text fields. user is related (integer) field. Instead of user use user__username.
locations = Location.objects.filter(user__username__icontains=q)
class SearchView(ListView):
model = Profile
template_name = 'blog/search_results.html'
context_object_name = 'all_search_results'
def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
user_name = self.request.GET.get('search', '')
context['all_search_results'] = Profile.objects.filter(user__username__icontains=user_name )
return context
here is another example on how to filter objects. if searching for a user, remember to user user_username__icontains=user_name
also remember that if you use Profile your'll get a different id than if you use User
I have a models in models.py
class Page(models.Model):
url = models.CharField(verbose_name="url", unique=True, db_index=True, max_length=255)
template = models.ForeignKey(Template)
class PageToBlock(models.Model):
page = models.ForeignKey(Page)
placeholder = models.ForeignKey(Placeholder)
block = models.ForeignKey(Block,null=True)
and some code in views
PTBFormSet = inlineformset_factory(models.Page, models.PageToBlock, extra=0, can_delete=False)
formset = PTBFormSet(instance=page)
for form in formset:
# i need initial here for processing
print form.fields['placeholder'].initial #print None!, but in final rendered form it has value
How to extract initial?
form.initials['placeholder'] works fine