Develop Reference

Django Model and Form for Comment system

I have made a comment system under my books where only the authenticated user can comment. When I use the form to add a comment, it doesn't work! why ?
here is my models
models.py
class Books(models.Model):
author = models.ManyToManyField(Authors)
title = models.CharField(max_length=250)
number_of_pages = models.PositiveIntegerField(validators=[MaxValueValidator(99999999999)])
date_added = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True)
updated = models.DateField(auto_now=True)
publication_date = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=current_year(), validators=[MinValueValidator(300),
max_value_current_year])
cover = models.ImageField(upload_to='pics/covers/', default='pics/default-cover.jpg')
pdf_file = models.FileField(upload_to='pdfs/books/', default='pdfs/default-pdf.pdf')
category = models.ForeignKey(Categories, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class Comments(models.Model):
book = models.ForeignKey(Books, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
body = models.TextField()
date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
def __str__(self):
return '{} - {}'.format(self.livre.title, self.user)
here is my forms
forms.py
class BookForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Books
fields = '__all__'
class CommentForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Comments
fields = ['body']
here is my views
views.py
#login_required(login_url='login')
def book_detail_view(request, book_id):
books = get_object_or_404(Books, pk=book_id)
context = {'books': books,}
return render(request, 'book_detail.html', context)
#login_required(login_url='login')
def add_comment(request, comment_id):
form = CommentForm()
books = get_object_or_404(Books, pk=comment_id)
user = request.user
if request.method == "POST":
form = CommentForm(request.POST, instance=books)
if form.is_valid():
comment = form.save(commit=False)
comment.user = user
comment.books = books
comment.save()
return redirect('book_detail', books.id)
context = {'form': form}
return render(request, 'comment_form.html', context)
here is my book detail page
book_detail.html
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %} {{ books.title }} {% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-4">
<p><img src="{{ books.cover.url }}"></p>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-8">
<h2>{{ books.title }}</h2>
<b>Author : </b>
{% for author in books.author.all %}
{{ author.name }}
{% if not forloop.last %},{% endif %}
{% endfor %}<br/>
<b>Catégory : </b>{{ books.category }}<br/>
<b>Pages : </b>{{ books.number_of_pages }}<br/>
<b>Publication : </b>{{ books.publication_date }}<br/>
<b>Date added : </b>{{ books.date_added }}<br/>
<b>Updated : </b>{{ books.updated }}<br/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-12">
<p><button class="btn btn-outline-dark btn-sm"><i class="far fa-eye"></i> Read</button></p>
</div>
</div>
<hr/>
<div class="container-fluid">
<h2>Comments</h2>
</div>
<div class="container-fluid">
{% if not books.comments.all %}
<p>No comments yet ! <a class="text-primary" href="{% url 'add_comment' books.id %}">Add comment...</a></p>
{% else %}
<a class="text-primary" href="{% url 'add_comment' books.id %}">Add comment !</a><br/><br/>
{% for comment in books.comments.all%}
<b>{{ comment.user }}</b> - <span class="text-muted" style="font-size: 13px;">{{ comment.date }}</span>
<p>{{ comment.body }}</p>
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}
</div>
{% endblock %}
here is my form for comment model
comment_form.html
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %} Add a comment {% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<form method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<button type="submit">Add this comment</button>
</form>
{% endblock %}
here is my urls
urls.py
urlpatterns = [
# BOOKS
path('book/<int:book_id>/', views.book_detail_view, name='book_detail'),
# COMMENTS
path('book/<int:comment_id>/comment/', views.add_comment, name='add_comment'),
]

Your form is currently set to edit the book, not the comment, you should remove the instance=books:
if request.method == "POST":
# no instance=books ↓
form = CommentForm(request.POST)
If you use instance=books, the form will set attributes to the Books object, and then the comment = form.save(commit=False) will result in the fact that comment is a Books object that is already saved and thus updated in the database.
You also made a typo when setting the book of a Comments object: it is book, not books:
if form.is_valid():
comment = form.save(commit=False)
comment.user = user
comment.book = books # ← .book, not .books
comment.save()
Note: normally a Django model is given a singular name, so Book instead of Books.

Using fields from a aggregated QuerySet in a django template

So I got a QuerySet result from an aggregate function to display in a low-spec eBay clone of mine. But my problem is displaying certain fields in the Django template as I want, for example, I want to display the highest bidder's username and bid. When I call the whole object itself like so {{winner}}, then it displays. But when I try to access its fields like so {{winner.user_id.username}}, I get no output although the QuerySet does execute.
When I try to get a field like so (winner.user_id.username):
When I only call winner:
models.py
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from django.db import models
CATEGORIES = [
('Appliances', 'Appliances'),
('Tech', 'Tech'),
('Gaming', 'Gaming'),
('Fashion', 'Fashion'),
('Sports and Fitness','Sports and Fitness'),
('Other','Other'),
("Hygiene and Medicine","Hygiene and Medicine"),
("Stationery","Stationery"),
('Decor', 'Decor'),
('Furniture','Furniture'),
('Cars and Mechanical Things','Cars and Mechanical Things'),
("Tools","Tools")
]
# Create models here
class User(AbstractUser):
pass
class Auction_Listing(models.Model):
user_id = models.IntegerField(default=1)
list_title = models.CharField(max_length=64)
desc = models.TextField(max_length=600)
img_url = models.URLField(max_length=200, null=True, blank=True)
start_bid = models.IntegerField()
category = models.CharField(choices=CATEGORIES, max_length=35, null=True, blank=True)
active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
def __str__(self):
return f"ID:{self.id}, {self.list_title}: {self.desc}, {self.start_bid} posted by user:{self.user_id} in Category:{self.category}, url:{self.img_url}"
class Bids(models.Model):
user_id = models.ForeignKey('User', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
auctions = models.ForeignKey('Auction_Listing', on_delete=models.CASCADE, default=1,related_name='bidauc')
bid = models.IntegerField()
def __str__(self):
return f"ID:{self.id}, Bid {self.bid} posted by user:{self.user_id} on auction {self.auctions}"
class Auction_Comments(models.Model):
user_id = models.ForeignKey('User', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
comment = models.TextField(max_length=324, default='N/A')
auctions = models.ForeignKey('Auction_Listing', on_delete=models.CASCADE, default=1,related_name='comauc')
def __str__(self):
return f"ID:{self.id}, Comment: {self.comment} posted by user:{self.user_id} on auction {self.auctions}"
class Watchlist(models.Model):
user_id = models.ForeignKey('User', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
auctions = models.ForeignKey('Auction_Listing', on_delete=models.CASCADE, default=1, related_name='watchauc')
def __str__(self):
return f"ID:{self.id}, user:{self.user_id} on auction {self.auctions}"
views.py
def render_listing(request, title):
if request.method == "POST":
form = BidForm(request.POST)
bid = int(request.POST['new_bid'])
listing = Auction_Listing.objects.get(list_title=title)
comments = Auction_Comments.objects.filter(auctions=listing)
if bid <= listing.start_bid:
error = True
else:
error = False
listing.start_bid = bid
listing.save()
new_bid = Bids(user_id=request.user, auctions=listing, bid=bid)
new_bid.save()
return render(request, 'auctions/listing.html', {
"listing": listing,
"form": form,
"comments": comments,
"error": error,
"comform": CommentForm()
})
else:
form = BidForm()
comform = CommentForm()
listing = Auction_Listing.objects.get(list_title=title)
comments = Auction_Comments.objects.filter(auctions=listing)
high_bid = Bids.objects.filter(auctions=listing).aggregate(maximum=Max("bid"))
winner = Bids.objects.filter(auctions=listing, bid=high_bid['maximum'])
print(winner)
return render(request, 'auctions/listing.html', {
"listing": listing,
"form": form,
"comments": comments,
"error": False,
"comform": comform,
"winner": winner
})
template's code:
{% extends "auctions/layout.html" %}
{% load static %}
{% block title %} Listing: {{listing.list_title}} {% endblock %}
{% block body %}
{% if listing.active %}
<h2>{{ listing.list_title }}</h2>
<div class='listing'>
{% if listing.img_url == "" or listing.img_url == None %}
<a href='#'><img src="{% static 'auctions/img404.png' %}" class='img-fluid'></a>
{% else %}
<a href='#'><img src="{{ listing.img_url }}" class="img-fluid" alt='image of {{ listing.list_title }}'></a>
{% endif %}
<p>
{{ listing.desc }}
</p>
<p>
Current Bid: ${{ listing.start_bid }}
</p>
<p>Category: {{ listing.category }}</p>
<p></p>
{% if user.is_authenticated %}
<div class="bid">
<a href='{% url "watch" listing.list_title %}' class='btn btn-primary'>Add to/Remove from Watchlist</a>
{% if listing.user_id == user.id %}
<a href='{% url "close" listing.list_title %}' class='btn btn-primary'>Close Auction</a>
{% endif %}
</div>
<div class="bid">
<h3>Bid:</h3>
<form method="POST" action='{% url "renlist" listing.list_title %}'>
{% csrf_token %}
{{form}}
<button type="submit" class='btn btn-primary'>Make New Bid</button>
{% if error %}
Please enter a bid higher than the current bid.
{% endif %}
</form>
</div>
{% else %}
<p><a href='{% url "register" %}' class='register'>Register</a> to bid on this item and gain access to other features</p>
{% endif %}
</div>
<div class="listing">
<h3>Comments:</h3>
{% if user.is_authenticated %}
<div id='comform'>
<h4>Post a Comment</h4>
<form method="POST" action="{% url 'commentadd' %}">
{% csrf_token %}
{{comform}}
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Post Comment</a>
</form>
</div>
{% endif %}
<p>
{% for comment in comments %}
<div class="comment">
<h4>{{comment.user_id.username}} posted:</h4>
<p>{{comment.comment}}</p>
</div>
{% empty %}
<h4>No comments as of yet</h4>
{% endfor %}
</p>
</div>
{% else %}
<h2>This auction has been closed</h2>
<div>
<a href='{% url "watch" listing.list_title %}' class='btn btn-primary'>Add to/Remove from Watchlist</a>
</div>
<p>{{winner.user_id.username}}</p>
{% endif %}
{% endblock %}
Thanks in advance for the help!
Kind Regards
PrimeBeat

This will give a QuerySet. You can see in your second image.
A QuerySet represents a collection of objects from your database.
winner = Bids.objects.filter(auctions=listing, bid=high_bid['maximum'])
You need to iterate over that QuerySet, get whatever data you want and show it in your template.
{% for win in winner %}
<p>{{ win.user_id.username }}</p>
{% endfor %}

Template in Django doesn't show same content for 2 paths

For this template, everything will show fine, but only for the first course. If I add lectures for another course, template won't show them.
def courses(request, slug):
con = get_object_or_404(Course, slug=slug)
context = {
'course': con,
'lectures': con.lectures.all(),
'categories': con.categories.all(),
}
return render(request, 'courses/courses.html', context)
<ul>
{% for a in categories %}
<li><strong>{{ a.course_category }}</strong></li>
{% for c in lectures %}
{% if a == c.course_category %}
<li>{{ c.lecture_title }}</li>
<li>{{ c.content }}</li>
{% if c.link %}
<li>{{ c.link }}</li>
{% endif %}
{% if c.file %}
<li><a href='{{ MEDIA_URL }}{{ c.file.url }}'>download</a></li>
{% endif %}
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
{% endfor %}
</ul>
class Course(models.Model):
study_programme = models.ForeignKey('StudyProgramme', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
ects = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(validators=[MaxValueValidator(99)])
description = models.TextField()
year = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(validators=[MaxValueValidator(99)])
semester = models.IntegerField(choices=((1, "1"),
(2, "2"),
), default=None)
slug = models.SlugField(max_length=140, unique=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
def _get_unique_slug(self):
slug = slugify(self.name)
unique_slug = slug
num = 1
while Course.objects.filter(slug=unique_slug).exists():
unique_slug = '{}-{}'.format(slug, num)
num += 1
return unique_slug
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
if not self.slug:
self.slug = self._get_unique_slug()
super().save()
class CourseCategory(models.Model):
course = models.ForeignKey('Course', on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='categories')
course_category = models.CharField(max_length=50, unique=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.course_category
class Lecture(models.Model):
course = models.ForeignKey('Course', on_delete=models.CASCADE, default='', related_name='lectures')
This is the Course model that is present in my models.py. It uses slug for links.

I think your Lecture model has a problem.
Why does your Lecture model's course field has default=''?
It should be one of your Courcse model objects. If you want to add default value, you can use like this
DEFAULT_COURSE = 1
class Lecture(models.Model):
course = models.ForeignKey('Course', on_delete=models.CASCADE, default=DEFAULT_COURSE, related_name='lectures')

Hope this helps:
You need two views for this, each doing only the database queries they actually need and handle all the data preparation.
This way, you get nice and clean templates.
First View: /courses
def courses(request):
queryset = Course.objects.all()
context = {'courses':queryset}
return render(request, 'courses/courses.html', context)
template for this (courses.html):
<ul>
{% for i in courses %}
<li>
<a href={{ i.slug }}>{{ i }}</a>
</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
Second View: /courses/course_name
def course_detail(request, course_name):
query = Course.object.get(name=course_name)
context = {'lectures':query.lectures.all(),'categories':query.categories.all()}
return render(request, 'courses/course_detail.html', context)
template for this (course_detail.html):
<p><strong>Categories</strong></p>
<ul>
{% for c in categories %}
<li>{{ c.course_category }}<li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<p><strong>Lectures</strong></p>
<ul>
{% for l in lectures %}
<li>{{ l.lecture_title }}</li>
<li>{{ l.content }}</li>
{% if l.link %}
<li>{{ l.link }}</li>
{% endif %}
{% if l.file %}
<li><a href='{{ MEDIA_URL }}{{ l.file.url }}'>download</a></li>
{% endif %}
<hr>
{% endfor %}
</ul>

Custom Django Form Not Displaying - Using Wagtail

Wagtail Blog Site - Comment Model Form Issues
I'm creating a blog site, using Wagtail, and I've run in to a snag. I've added a Comment Model to my page, which I can add comments through the admin section and they display on the correct posts, but the comment form I've created is not displaying for some reason. Here's my relevant code. Any tips on where I went wrong would be greatly appreciated.
blog/models.py
class BlogPage(Page):
date = models.DateField("Post date")
intro = models.CharField(max_length=250)
body = RichTextField(blank=True)
#tag manager
tags = ClusterTaggableManager(through=BlogPageTag, blank=True)
#get feature image
def main_image(self):
gallery_item = self.gallery_images.first()
if gallery_item:
return gallery_item.image
else:
return None
search_fields = Page.search_fields + [
index.SearchField('intro'),
index.SearchField('body'),
]
content_panels = Page.content_panels + [
MultiFieldPanel([
FieldPanel('date'),
FieldPanel('tags'),
], heading="Blog information"),
FieldPanel('intro'),
FieldPanel('body'),
InlinePanel('gallery_images', label="Gallery images"),
]
def serve(self, request):
# Get current page
post = self
# Get comment form
form = CommentForm(request.POST or None)
# Check for valid form
if form.is_valid():
comment = form.save(commit=False)
comment.post = post
comment.save()
return redirect(request.path)
return render_to_response(self,
{
'post': post,
'form': form,
},
context_instance=RequestContext(request))
class Comment(models.Model):
post = models.ForeignKey(BlogPage, related_name='comments')
author = models.CharField(max_length=250)
text = models.TextField()
created_date = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
approved_comment = models.BooleanField(default=False)
def approve(self):
self.approved_comment = True
self.save()
def __unicode__(self):
return self.text
def __str__(self):
return self.text
class CommentForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Comment
fields = ('author', 'text',)
blog_page.html
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% load wagtailcore_tags wagtailimages_tags %}
{% block body_class %}template-blogpage{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<div class="section">
<div class="container">
<h1 class="title">{{ page.title }}</h1>
<p class="meta subtitle">{{ page.date }}</p>
{% with page.main_image as main_image %}
{% if main_image %}{% image main_image fill-500x300 %}{% endif %}
{% endwith %}
<p>{{ main_image.caption }}</p>
<div class="hero-body subtitle">{{ page.intro }}</div>
<div class="content">
{{ page.body|richtext }}
{% if page.tags.all.count %}
<div class="tags">
<h3>Tags</h3>
{% for tag in page.tags.all %}
<span class="tag is-primary is-medium is-link"><a style="color: white" href="{% slugurl 'tags' %}?tag={{ tag }}">{{ tag }}</a></span>
{% endfor %}
</div>
{% endif %}
<p>Return to blog archive</p>
<hr>
<br>
<form action="" method="POST">
{% csrf_token %}
<table>
{{ form.as_table }}
</table>
<input class="control button is-primary" type='submit' name='submit' value='Add Comment'>
</form>
<br>
<hr>
<div class="section">
{% if page.comments.all.count %}
<h2 class='subtitle'>Comments</h2>
<div class="comments">
{% for comment in page.comments.all %}
{% if comment.approved_comment %}
<div class="comment">
<h5 class="date">{{ comment.created_date }}</h5>
<strong><h3 class="title is-3">{{ comment.author }}</h3></strong>
<h4 class="subtitle is-5">{{ comment.text|linebreaks }}</h4>
<br>
<hr>
</div>
{% endif %}
{% empty %}
<br>
<p>No comments yet...</p>
{% endfor %}
</div>
{% endif %}
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endblock %}
Now I'm getting an error saying:
File "/home/kenneth/development/web/sites/mysite/dynamicsalesops/blog/models.py", line 88, in serve
context_instance=RequestContext(request))
TypeError: render_to_response() got an unexpected keyword argument 'context_instance'

Your view_post function is never used. In Wagtail, rendering pages as HTML is handled by a serve method on the page model itself, not by a separate view function: http://docs.wagtail.io/en/v1.9/reference/pages/theory.html#anatomy-of-a-wagtail-request

How to connect model with the model via Foreign Key in template

I have a gallery (app in django 1.8), to which they are plugged in images. My problem is that create a link to the images in each category. I do not know how to do it on the side of the template and URL addresses are correct.
Models
class Gallery(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
description = models.TextField()
image = ThumbnailerImageField(upload_to='paint/%Y/%m/%d')
class Meta:
verbose_name = "Gallery"
verbose_name_plural = " Galleries"
def __unicode__(self):
return self.title
class Paint(models.Model):
AVAILABLE = "Available"
NOT_AVAILABLE = "Not available"
STATUS_PAINT = (
(AVAILABLE, u"Dostępny"),
(NOT_AVAILABLE, u"Nie dostępny")
)
title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
gallery = models.ForeignKey(Gallery)
paint = ThumbnailerImageField(upload_to='paint/%Y/%m/%d')
price = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True, null=True)
status = models.CharField(choices=STATUS_PAINT, default=AVAILABLE, max_length=50)
class Meta:
verbose_name = "Picture"
verbose_name_plural = "Images"
def __unicode__(self):
return self.title
Views
class GalleryView(generic.ListView):
model = Paint
template_name = "www/gallery_list.html"
context_object_name = "gallery"
def get_queryset(self):
return Paint.objects.all()
class GalleryDetailsView(generic.ListView):
model = Gallery
context_object_name = "images"
template_name = "www/gallery_details.html"
urls
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', MainPage.as_view(), name='mainpage'),
url(r'^about/$', AboutMe.as_view(), name="about"),
url(r'^gallery/$', GalleryView.as_view(), name="gallery"),
url(r'^gallery1/$', GalleryDetailsView.as_view(), name="gallery_details"),
url(r'^contact/$', contact, name="contact"),
]
Template gallery list - main section
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% load thumbnail %}
{% block content %}
{% for i in images %}
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-5">
<img src="{{ i.image|thumbnail_url:'avatar1' }}"/>
</div>
<div class="col-md-7">
<h3>{{ i.title }}</h3>
<p>{{ i.description }}</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
{% endfor %}
{% endblock %}
{% block content_bottom %}{% endblock content_bottom %}
Template gallery details with images of gallery
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% load thumbnail %}
{% block content %}
<table class="center-table">
<tbody>
{% for image in gallery %}
{% if forloop.counter0|divisibleby:3 %}<tr>{% endif %}
<td style="padding-left:50px;padding-right:50px;color:grey">
<a data-lightbox="roadtrip" href="{{ image.paint.url }}"><img src="{{ image.paint|thumbnail_url:'avatar' }}" class="img-thumbnail img-responsive" /></a><br>
<div style="padding-top:8px;padding-bottom:20px;">
<b>Tytuł:</b> {{ image.title }}<br>
<b>Status: </b>{{ image.status }}<br>
<b>Cena: </b>{{ image.price }}<br>
</div>
</td>
{% if forloop.counter|divisibleby:3 or forloop.last %}</tr>{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
{% endblock %}
{% block content_bottom %}{% endblock content_bottom %}