This question already has answers here:
TypeError: module.__init__() takes at most 2 arguments (3 given)
(5 answers)
Closed 3 years ago.
I am viewing the Pluralsight course on Python. At the end of the module we are to write a Python script. The author does not show how to create two of the scripts. I have them coded as the follows:
main.py
from hs_student import *
james = HighSchoolStudent("james")
print(james.get_name_capitalize)
student.py
students = []
class Student:
school_name = "Springfield Elementary"
def __init__(self, name, s_id=332):
self.name = name
self.s_id = s_id
students.append(self)
def get_name_capitalize(self):
return self.name.capitalize()
...
hs_student.py
import student as student
students = []
class HighSchoolStudent(student):
school_name = "Springfield High School"
def get_school_name(self):
return "This is a High School student"
def get_name_capitalize(self):
original_value = super().get_name_capitalize()
return original_value + "-HS"
...
When running the code, I get an error. From my understanding, I am passing too many arguments to the get_name_capitalize function. How can I fix this?
The error message is:
TypeError: module() takes at most 2 arguments (3 given)
This code:
class HighSchoolStudent(student):
is trying to inherit from the student module, not the student.Student class. Change it to:
class HighSchoolStudent(student.Student):
to inherit from the intended class.
This question already has an answer here:
What does <function at ...> mean [duplicate]
(1 answer)
Closed 4 years ago.
I want to have a dictionary where a certain key calls a value... that value is a function and I would want that function to execute.
Below is my attempt to do it but all I get is the value of where it is stored in memory.
class Testing:
def __init__(self):
self.method = {'Method1': self.another, 'Method2': self.there}
def launch(self, input):
print(self.method[input])
#staticmethod
def another():
print('This print statement should pop out.')
#staticmethod
def there():
print('This should not appear.')
new = Testing()
new.launch('Method1')
The result that I get from that is:
<function Testing.another at 0x01519540>
Is there a way to do this?
You are missing the actual function call: (notice the added () at the end)
def launch(self, input):
print(self.method[input]())
I have a class called Question as per below
class Question:
q_count = 0
def __init__(self, s_id, q_id, question):
print("q count is ", Question.q_count)
self._s_id = s_id
self._question_text = question
self._answers = []
self._q_id = Question.q_count
def get_answers(self):
return self._answers
def set_answers(self,answers):
self._answers = answers
def add_answer(self, Answer()):
self._answers.append(Answer())
and I want it to have a list called _answers which is a list of Answer objects. where Answer is another type of class i have created.
class Answer:
def __init__(self, q_id, a_id):
self._q_id = q_id
self._a_id = a_id
# Subclass for multiple choice
class MC_Answer(Answer):
def __init__(self, q_id, a_id, answer_text):
Answer.__init__(self, q_id, a_id)
self._answer_text = answer_text
def get_answer_text(self):
return self._answer_text
def set_answer_text(self, a_id):
self._a_id = a_id;
In another part of my code, I am creating an instance of an MC_Answer object. I also have an instance of a question object. How do I append this onto its answers list??
answer1 = MC_Answer(idQ, 1, answer_text)
new_q.add_answer(answer1)
write_to_file(alist1, "answers.csv")
this is wrong but if i don't have answer1 as a parameter, how does Python know to add that particular instance of an answer?
Your add answer class never uses the parameter, instead you make a new instance of the Answer class and append that to the list, instead you need to modify it to give it a parameter and then use it correctly
def add_answer(self, Answer()):
self._answers.append(Answer())
should be
def add_answer(self, answer):
self._answers.append(answer)
This question already has answers here:
How to avoid having class data shared among instances?
(7 answers)
Should I use instance or class attributes if there will only be one instance? [closed]
(4 answers)
Closed 7 years ago.
Could you help me to find the problems?
I just add the object to one list, but it seems that it appears in another list!
class people(object):
name = ""
__adjacent = []
position = 0
def __init__(self,nam):
self.name = nam
def print_name(self):
print self.name
def get_adjacent(self):
return self.__adjacent
def append_adjacent(self,people):
self.__adjacent.append(people)
sis = people('sister')
bro = people('brother')
sis.append_adjacent(bro)
print len(bro.get_adjacent())
for i in bro.get_adjacent():
i.print_name()
print len(sis.get_adjacent())
Question: why there is a object in bro's adjacent list???
Closed. This question needs details or clarity. It is not currently accepting answers.
Want to improve this question? Add details and clarify the problem by editing this post.
Closed 8 years ago.
Improve this question
My understanding of python is zero to none... Been exhausting myself reading what seems like a hundred different ways to approach this. Below I put the assignment description and my code... As of now I am having trouble using the 'getAnimal()' command. I'm not sure what it does or how it works. Thanks in advance :D
Assignment description: "Write a class definition for a class 'Zoo.' It should have instance variables for animal type, herbivore/carnivore/omnivore, and inside/outside. It should also have a getAnimal() method to show the animals information. Write a separate "ZooDriver" class to a) create three instances of zoo animals, b) get user input on which animal to view (1,2,3)c) show the animal info suing getAnimal()."
~~~~~~~~ My code:
class Zoo:
def __init__(self, animal, animal_type, habitat):
self.animal = animal
self.animal_type = animal_type
self.habitat = habitat
user_input=raw_input("Enter the number 1, 2, or 3 for information on an animal.")
if user_input == "1":
my_animal = Zoo("Giraffe", "herbivore", "outside")
elif user_input == "2":
my_animal = Zoo("Lion", "carnivore", "inside")
elif user_input == "3":
my_animal = Zoo("Bear", "omnivore", "inside")
print "Your animal is a %s, it is a %s, and has an %s habitat." % (my_animal.animal, my_animal.animal_type, my_animal.habitat)
A class defines a type of thing. An instance is one thing of that type. For example, you could say Building is a type of thing.
Let's start with a class named Building:
class Building():
pass
Now, to create an actual building -- an instance -- we call it almost like it was a function:
b1 = Building()
b2 = Building()
b3 = Building()
There, we just created three buildings. They are identical, which isn't very useful. Maybe we can give it a name when we create it, and store it in an instance variable. That requires creating a constructor that takes an argument. All class methods must also take self as its first argument, so our constructor will take two arguments:
class Building():
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
Now we can create three different buildings:
b1 = Building("firehouse")
b2 = Building("hospital")
b3 = Building("church")
If we want to create a "driver" class to create three buildings, we can do that pretty easily. If you want to set an instance variable or do some work when you create an instance, you can do that in a constructor. For example, this creates such a class that creates three buildings and stores them in an array:
class Town():
def __init__(self):
self.buildings = [
Building("firehouse"),
Building("hospital"),
Building("church")
]
We now can create a single object that creates three other objects. Hopefully that's enough to get you over the initial hurdle of understanding classes.
OK I will try to answer the main question here: What a class is.
From Google: class /klas/
noun: class; plural noun: classes
1.
a set or category of things having some property or attribute in common and
differentiated from others by kind, type, or quality.
In programming, a class is just that. say, for example you have class Dog. Dogs bark "ruf ruff".
We can define the dog class in python using just that information.
class Dog:
def bark(self):
print "ruf ruff"
To use the class, it is instantiated by calling () its constructor:
Spot = Dog()
We then want Spot to bark, so we call a method of the class:
Spot.bark()
To further explain the details of the code here would be to go outside of the scope of this question.
Further reading:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instance_%28computer_science%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_%28computer_programming%29
As a direct answer:
class Zoo(object):
def __init__(self, name="Python Zoo"):
self.name = name
self.animals = list()
def getAnimal(self,index):
index = index - 1 # account for zero-indexing
try:
print("Animal is {0.name}\n Diet: {0.diet}\n Habitat: {0.habitat}".format(
self.animals[index]))
except IndexError:
print("No animal at index {}".format(index+1))
def listAnimals(self,index):
for i,animal in enumerate(self.animals, start=1):
print("{i:>3}: {animal.name}".format(i=i,animal=animal))
class Animal(object):
def __init__(self, name=None, diet=None, habitat=None):
if any([attr is None for attr in [name,diet,habitat]]):
raise ValueError("Must supply values for all attributes")
self.name = name
self.diet = diet
self.habitat = habitat
class ZooDriver(object):
def __init__(self):
self.zoo = Zoo()
self.zoo.animals = [Animal(name="Giraffe", diet="Herbivore", habitat="Outside"),
Animal(name="Lion", diet="Carnivore", habitat="Inside"),
Animal(name="Bear", diet="Herbivore", habitat="Inside")]
def run(self):
while True:
print("1. List Animals")
print("2. Get information about an animal (by index)"
print("3. Quit")
input_correct = False
while not input_correct:
in_ = input(">> ")
if in_ in ['1','2','3']:
input_correct = True
{'1':self.zoo.listAnimals,
'2':lambda x: self.zoo.getAnimal(input("index #: ")),
'3': self.exit}[in_]()
else:
print("Incorrect input")
def exit(self):
return
if __name__ == "__main__":
ZooDriver().run()
I haven't actually run this code so some silly typos may have occurred and the usual "off-by-one" errors (oops), but I'm fairly confident in it. It displays a lot of concepts your instructor won't expect you to have mastered yet (such as string formatting, most likely, and almost certainly hash tables with lambdas). For that reason, I STRONGLY recommend you not copy this code to turn in.