I'm doing the pig latin question that I'm sure everyone here is familiar with it. The only thing I can't seem to get is matching the case of the input and output. For example, when the user enters Latin, my code produces atinLay. I want it to produce Atinlay.
import string
punct = string.punctuation
punct += ' '
vowel = 'aeiouyAEIOUY'
consonant = 'bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxzBCDFGHJKLMNPQRSTVWXZ'
final_word = input("Please enter a single word. ")
first_letter = final_word[:1]
index = 0
if any((p in punct) for p in final_word):
print("You did not enter a single word!")
else:
while index < len(final_word) and (not final_word[index] in vowel):
index = index+1
if any((f in vowel) for f in first_letter):
print(final_word + 'yay')
elif index < len(final_word):
print(final_word[index:]+final_word[:index]+'ay')
What you need is str.title(). Once you have done your piglatin conversion, you can use title() built-in function to produce the desired output, like so:
>>> "atinLay".title()
'Atinlay'
To check if a string is lower case, you can use str.islower(). Take a peek at the docs.
simply use the built in string functions.
s = "Hello".lower()
s == "hello"
s = "hello".upper()
s == "HELLO"
s = "elloHay".title()
s == "Ellohay"
Related
I am a beginner and this is what I came up with so far. However, it does not output the correct number of words that end with "a" or "b." Any tips on how to correct this code?
names = input("Enter list of names: ")
name = names.split(" ")
num = len(name)
ab = ""
print("Number of words:", num)
for i in range(num):
if name[i] == ' ':
if name[i-1] == a:
ab.append() + " "
elif name[i-1] == b:
ab.append() + " "
a_b = ab.split(' ')
print("Number of words that end with a or b: ",len(a_b))
In Python boolean (True and False) are the same as the integers 1 and 0. This means you can use sum() to count True booleans. str.endswith() returns a boolean. This means you can just do this:
words = ["stab", "drama", "hello", "magma", "test"]
a_b = sum(word.endswith(('a', 'b')) for word in words)
# 3
z_c = sum(word.endswith(('z', 'c')) for word in words)
# 0
Any tips on how to correct this code?
Others have answered alternative, working solutions, but I want to try to point out the specific things wrong in your code snippet and tips to correct.
First here's a copy of your snippet with some simple debugging prints along with their output (running in python 3.10).
names = "Barry Lima Bab"
name = names.split(" ")
print(f"{name=}") # name=['Barry', 'Lima', 'Bab']
num = len(name)
print(f"{num=}") # num=3
ab = ""
print("Number of words:", num)
for i in range(num):
print(name[i]) # Barry -> Lima -> Bab
if name[i] == ' ':
if name[i-1] == a:
ab.append() + " "
elif name[i-1] == b:
ab.append() + " "
print(f"{ab=}") # ab=''
a_b = ab.split(' ')
print(f"{a_b=}") # a_b=['']
Breaking things down step by step like this is a great starting point for better understanding what's going on.
if name[i] == ' ': Notice the value of name[i] so this check never resolves to True meaning the code inside never runs
if the inner code did run, you'd hit a NameError: name 'a' is not defined. Did you mean: 'ab'? because a is undefined. Probably meant 'a' here. same for b
In my example, name[i-1] would be 'Bab' -> 'Barry' -> 'Lima' which is probably not what you're expecting. This is because you're getting the -1th, 0th, 1st items in name. to get the last letter from the name, you want name[i][-1] here
if you then get into either of the furthest inside conditions, you'd encounter AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'append' which happens because append is for list not str. You couldchange ab to be a list to use this in which case you'd want ab.append(name[i]) or you can use string concatenation like ab += " " + name[i] or using str.concat
1 last note of interest, you may have noticed your code as-is really likes to return and say that there's 1 item. This is because the above issues always (if the program doesn't break) leaves ab == '' and ''.split(' ') => [''] and thus len(ab.split(" ")) => 1
1 tip that I think would help in code comprehension is that the name variable here is not a single name string like it implies. It's actually a list[str]. I'd probably denote the variables something more like names_str: str vs names: list[str] or raw_names vs names. Then just use something like for name in names: and not worry about indexes. You can also use name.endswith('a') instead of name[-1] == 'a' for better readability.
Eventually you can combine these into a list comprehension for maximal succinctness -> len([name for name in names if name.endswith('a') or name.endswith('b')]).
words = ["ab", "bab", "pa", "pap"]
result = 0
for word in words:
if word[-1] in "ab":
result += 1
print(result)
As a list comprehension:
words = ["word1a", "word2b", "word3", "word4", "word5a"] # ['word1a', 'word2b', 'word5a']
filtered_words = [word for word in words if word[-1] in "ab"]
filtered_words = [word for word in words if word.endswith(("a", "b"))] # better, if you have multiple endings you want to search for with different lengths
len(filtered_words) # 3
name[i-1] is the previous name in the list, not the last character of the current name in the loop.
There's no need to append the matching names to a string. If you just need the count of matches, increment a counter variable.
You need to put a and b in quotes to make them strings, not variables.
names = input("Enter list of names: ")
name = names.split(" ")
matches = 0
print("Number of words:", len(name))
for cur_name in name:
if cur_name.endswith('a') or cur_name.endswith('b'):
matches += 1
print("Number of words that end with a or b: ", matches)
Use the endswith string method to detect if the last letter is "a" or "b"
names = ["bob","boba","larry","curly","moe"]
count = 0
for name in names:
if name.endswith("a") or name.endswith("b"):
count += 1
print(f"{count=}") # count=2
I am trying to create a function in Python which allows me to know if a string contains a letter "y" which appears in the beginning of a word and before a consonant. For example, the sentence "The word yes is correct but the word yntelligent is incorrect" contains the "y" of the word "yncorrect", so the function has to return True. In addition, it has to return true if the "y" is in capital letters and verifies those same conditions.
I have done it in the following way and it appears as if the program works but I was asked to use the method for strings in Python find and I havent't been able to include it. Any hint about how to do it using the method find? Thank you very much.
def function(string):
resultado=False
consonants1="bcdfghjklmnñpqrstvwxyz"
consonants2="BCDFGHJKLMNÑPQRSTVWXYZ"
for i in range(0,len(string)):
if string[i]=="y" and string[i-1]==" " and string[i+1] in consonants1:
resultado=True
break
if string[i]=="Y" and string[i-1]==" " and string[i+1] in consonants2:
resultado=True
break
return resultado
print(function("The word yes is correct but the word yntelligent is incorrect"))
Basically it is better to use re
consonants1="BCDFGHJKLMNÑPQRSTVWXYZ"
for i in consonants1:
if (a:= string.upper().find(f' Y{i}')) != -1:
print(...)
break
I think the function you want isn't find, but finditer from the package 're' (find will only give you the first instance of y, while finditer will return all instances of y)
import re
import string
consonants = string.ascii_lowercase
vowels = ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']
for vowel in vowels:
consonants.remove(vowel)
def func(string):
for x in re.finditer('y', string.lower()):
if string[x.start() + 1] in consonants:
return True
return False
The function find returns the index at which the string first begins or is found. So, it returns the first index, else -1. This won't work for your use cases, unless you make it a bit more complicated.
Method One: Check every combination with find.
You have to two results, one to check if its the first word, or if its in any other word. Then return True if they hit. Otherwise return false
def function(string):
consonants1="bcdfghjklmnñpqrstvwxyz"
string = string.lower()
for c in consonants1:
result1 = string.find(" y" + c)
result2 = string.find("y" + c)
if result1 != 1 or result2 == 0:
return True
return False
Method Two: loop through find results.
You can use .find but it will be counter-intuitive. You can use .find and loop through each new substring excluding the past "y/Y", and do a check each time you find one. I would also convert the string to .lower() (convert to lowercase) so that you don't have to worry about case sensitivity.
def function(string):
consonants1="bcdfghjklmnñpqrstvwxyz"
string = string.lower()
start_index = 0
while start_index < len(string):
temp_string = string[start_index+1:end] ## add the 1 so that you don't include the past y
found_index = temp_string.find("y")
if found_index == -1: return False
og_index = start_index + found_index
## check to see if theres a " yConsonants1" combo or its the first word without space
if (string[og_index - 1] == " " and string[og_index+1] in consonants1) or (string[og_index+1] in consonants1 and og_index == 0):
return True
else:
start_index = og_index
return False
Here's how I would go about solving it:
Look up what the find function does. I found this resource online which says that find will return the index of the first occurrence of value (what's passed into the function. If one doesn't exist, it returns -1.
Since we're looking for combinations of y and any consonant, I'd just change the arrays of your consonants to be a list of all the combinations that I'm looking for:
# Note that each one of the strings has a space in the beginning so that
# it always appears in the start of the word
incorrect_strings = [" yb", " yc", ...]
But this won't quite work because it doesn't take into account all the permutations of lowercase and uppercase letters. However, there is a handy trick for handling lowercase vs. uppercase (making the entire string lowercase).
string = string.lower()
Now we just have to see if any of the incorrect strings appear in the string:
string = string.lower()
incorrect_strings = [" yb", " yc", ...]
for incorrect_string in incorrect_strings:
if string.find(incorrect_string) >= 0:
# We can early return here since it contains at least one incorrect string
return True
return False
To be honest, since you're only returning a True/False value, I'm not too sure why you need to use the find function. Doing if incorrect_string in string: would work better in this case.
EDIT
#Barmar mentioned that this wouldn't correctly check for the first word in the string. One way to get around this is to remove the " " from all the incorrect_strings. And then have the if case check for both incorrrect_string and f" {incorrect_string}"
string = string.lower()
incorrect_strings = ["yb", "yc", ...]
for incorrect_string in incorrect_strings:
if string.find(incorrect_string) >= 0 or string.find(f" {incorrect_string}"):
# We can early return here since it contains at least one incorrect string
return True
return False
So I have a list of numbers (answer_index) which correlate to the index locations (indicies) of a characters (char) in a word (word). I would like to use the numbers in the list as index inputs later (indexes) on in code to replace every character except my chosen character(char) with "*" so that the final print (new_word) in this instance would be (****ee) instead of (coffee). it is important that (word) maintains it's original value while (new_word) becomes the modified version. Does anyone have a solution for turning a list into valid index inputs? I will also except easier ways to meet my goal. (Note: I am extremely new to python so I'm sure my code looks horrendous) Code below:
word = 'coffee'
print(word)
def find(string, char):
for i, c in enumerate(string):
if c == char:
yield i
string = word
char = "e"
indices = (list(find(string, char)))
answer_index = (list(indices))
print(answer_index)
for t in range(0, len(answer_index)):
answer_index[t] = int(answer_index[t])
indexes = [(answer_index)]
new_character = '*'
result = ''
for i in indexes:
new_word = word[:i] + new_character + word[i+1:]
print(new_word)
You hardly ever need to work with indices directly:
string = "coffee"
char_to_reveal = "e"
censored_string = "".join(char if char == char_to_reveal else "*" for char in string)
print(censored_string)
Output:
****ee
If you're trying to implement a game of hangman, you might be better off using a dictionary which maps characters to other characters:
string = "coffee"
map_to = "*" * len(string)
mapping = str.maketrans(string, map_to)
translated_string = string.translate(mapping)
print(f"All letters are currently hidden: {translated_string}")
char_to_reveal = "e"
del mapping[ord(char_to_reveal)]
translated_string = string.translate(mapping)
print(f"'{char_to_reveal}' has been revealed: {translated_string}")
Output:
All letters are currently hidden: ******
'e' has been revealed: ****ee
The easiest and fastest way to replace all characters except some is to use regular expression substitution. In this case, it would look something like:
import re
re.sub('[^e]', '*', 'coffee') # returns '****ee'
Here, [^...] is a pattern for negative character match. '[^e]' will match (and then replace) anything except "e".
Other options include decomposing the string into an iterable of characters (#PaulM's answer) or working with bytearray instead
In Python, it's often not idiomatic to use indexes, unless you really want to do something with them. I'd avoid them for this problem and instead just iterate over the word, read each character and and create a new word:
word = "coffee"
char_to_keep = "e"
new_word = ""
for char in word:
if char == char_to_keep:
new_word += char_to_keep
else:
new_word += "*"
print(new_word)
# prints: ****ee
Here is the problematic piece of my function:
def hangman1(word):
global guessesMade
global guessesLeft
currentGuess = '_ ' * len(word)
let = print(input('Please guess a letter: '))
for i in range(len(word)):
if word[i] == let:
print('{} is contained in the word.'.format(let))
if i == 0:
currentGuess = word[0] + currentGuess[1:]
else:
currentGuess = currentGuess[:i] + word[i] + currentGuess[i + 1:]
print(currentGuess)
The user enters a letter at the prompt and it checks if the letter is in the randomWord that was generated outside of the function from a list of words. I can get it to print the blanks correctly, but if the user enters a letter that is in the word it prints out a line of the correct letter instead of the blanks with the correct letter mixed in between.
Any help is appreciated.
The main problem you're having right now is two-fold - one, that the replace() method replaces all instances of any given input within a string, not the first one, and two, that you don't currently have any way of telling which letters you've already uncovered. Calling replace("_", let) will always replace every single instance of "_", and given that you're applying that to a string that is only composed of underscores, it'll always overwrite the entire string. It seems like you're also regenerating hidden_let every time hangman() is called with a guess letter, meaning that best-case with your design now you're only going to ever show every letter the user just guessed and a bunch of underscores otherwise.
What you'd want to do is have two values, correct_word and current_guess. correct_word will be the word the player has to guess, and current_guess will be their progress in guessing the word, starting with a string of only underscores of the same length as correct_word.
Here's a short example. I've taken the liberty of removing your global references - globals are generally frowned upon - and encapsulated the behavior in a small class. You'd want to replace the value in hangmanner.play_hangman() with whatever your random word is.
class Hangmanner:
correct_word = ''
current_guess = ''
def play_hangman(self, word):
self.correct_word = word
self.current_guess = '_' * len(self.correct_word)
while self.current_guess != self.correct_word:
self.guess_letter(input("Please guess a letter: "))
def guess_letter(self, guessed_letter):
for i in range(len(self.correct_word)):
if self.correct_word[i] == guessed_letter:
if i == 0:
self.current_guess = self.correct_word[i] + self.current_guess[1:]
else:
self.current_guess = self.current_guess[:i] + self.correct_word[i] + self.current_guess[i + 1:]
print(self.current_guess)
if __name__ == "__main__":
hangmanner = Hangmanner()
hangmanner.play_hangman("test")
This uses the slicing function in python, where you can use the brackets and the [first:last] syntax to access an arbitrary range of any given collection. If either first or last is missing, the slice continues to the beginning or end of the collection, respectively. Above, current_guess[1:] returns current_guess from the second index to the last. current_guess[:i] returns current_guess from the first index up to the index preceding i, given that last is the exclusive end bound.
hiddenLet.replace('_',let) replaces all occurrences of _ with whatever let represents.
newWordList = [x if x==let else '_' for x in randWord]
newWord = ''.join(newWordList)
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So the question reads:
Write a program that accepts as input a sentence in which all of the words are run together but the first character of each word is uppercase. Convert the sentence to a string in which the words are separated by spaces and only the first word starts with an uppercase letter. For example the string "StopAndSmellTheRoses." would be converted to " Stop and smell the roses."
I am so confused this my code so far.
def main():
#User enters a sentence
my_string=input('enter a sentence: ')
print(my_string.capitalize())
main()
You can loop through the string and add a character each time to a result:
my_string = "StopAndSmellTheRoses"
i = 0
result = ""
for c in my_string:
if c.isupper() and i > 0:
result += " "
result += c.lower()
else:
result += c
i += 1
print result
We'll use c for each character as we walk through the string and we'll use i to keep track of the position in the string.
There are two possibilities: it's either an uppercase character (excluding the first one) or it's not.
In the first case we'll add a space and that character as lowercase to the result. This ensures a space is inserted before each uppercase character further in the sentence.
In the second case it's a lowercase character or the uppercase character at the beginning of the sentence. We don't have to do anything with these and we'll add it right away.
Lastly we add one to i whenever we're done with a character (i += 1) as this means we correctly know where we are in the sentence.
Welcome to SO!
One way to do this is to loop through your string, checking the chars one by one:
#You've learned how to iterate through something, right?
i = 0 #a counter
for c in my_string: #get the characters of my_string, one by one.
if c.isupper(): #check if it's in upper case
if i == 0: #if it's the first letter
new_string += c #let it be like the original
else:
new_string += ' '+.lower() #it's not the first letter,
#so add space, and lower the letter.
else:
new_string += c #else, only add the letter to the new string
i += 1
Edit added a double-check to see if it's the first letter of the sentence or not. Updated demo.
As an alternative to using a counter, you can also use the built-in function enumerate, which returns a tuple of index and values.
for i,c in enumerate(my_string): #get the characters of my_string, one by one.
if c.isupper(): #check if it's in upper case
if i == 0: #if it's the first letter
new_string += c #let it be like the original
else:
new_string += ' '+c.lower() #it's not the first letter,
#so add space, and lower the letter.
else:
new_string += c #else, only add the letter to the new string
Demo
>>> my_string = 'ImCool'
>>> new_string = ''
>>> i = 0 #a counter
>>> for c in my_string: #get the characters of my_string, one by one.
if c.isupper(): #check if it's in upper case
if i == 0: #if it's the first letter
new_string += c #let it be like the original
else:
new_string += ' '+.lower() #it's not the first letter,
#so add space, and lower the letter.
else:
new_string += c #else, only add the letter to the new string
i += 1
>>> new_string
'Im cool'
Hope this helps!
You'll need a bit of regex.
import re
split = re.findall(r'[A-Z][a-z\.]+', 'HelloThisIsMyString.')
You'll also need to join those together (inserting spaces)
' '.join(...)
and handle case conversions
' '.join(word.lower() for word in split)
(and as you already did, capitalize the first word)
' '.join(word.lower() for word in split).capitalize()
It appears that you are a little confused and this is to be expected if you are new to Python. I'm assuming you take input from the user as opposed to input for a function. Either way I would create a simple function that you could insert the users input into. The function below will accomplish what the problem asks.
def sentenceSplitter(sentence):
result = ""
for i, x in enumerate(sentence): #i is character index, x is the element
if i == 0:
result = result + x
elif x.isupper() == False: #if element is not uppercase, add it to the result
result = result + x
else: # Otherwise, add a space and lowercase the next letter
result = result + " " +x.lower()
return(result)
To reiterate, if you are looking to print out the sentence you would write this after the function:
def main():
#User enters a sentence
my_string=input('enter a sentence: ')
print(sentenceSplitter(my_string))
main()
If you are still confused feel free to ask any further questions.