I'm working on a computer science project which is a CNC plotter basically all of the methods I see for getting Gcode uses Inkscape. I have already written software to convert Normal images to black and white edges only and I have pulled the coordinates from the image. Is there any way X,Y coordinates can be used to generate Gcode ? or would i have to use Inkscape.
GCode is just instructions called where you can pass arguments.
The machine will execute the Gcode one by one and interpret it for moving his motors or do regulation depending on his firmware.
So if you want to create Gcode in python, just create a txt file and append commands.
You need to have the Gcode availables instructions of you machine first (here InkScape).
For example in Marlin:
G1 X90.6 Y13.8 ; move to 90.6mm on the X axis and 13.8mm on the Y axis
To get this file in python:
positions = [ # Get your datas of format them like this:
[90.6, 13.8], # Point 1 [x, y]
[10.6, 3.98]
]
with open("myGCode.gcode", "w") as f:
for x, y in positions:
f.write(f"G1 X{x} Y{y} ;\n")
File created content:
G1 X90.6 Y13.8 ;
G1 X10.6 Y3.98 ;
It really depends on the machine and its controller, but most of the time,
Linear interpolation like
G1 or G01 usually only needs to be specified once, like
G01 X1.0 Y2.0;
And then its linear interpolation enabled already so it can just be
X1.0 Y3.0;
...
Up to the point where you wanna go back to rapid movement (G0 G00)
Or circular interpolation with (G02, G03)
But then it's still usually just coordinates are enough after switching
to specific interpolation once.
Yet then I assume its for simple milling and more recent mills (I was trained for Haas) has some fancy pocketing functions, where you just specify
few key points for contour and they can kinda be deducted mathematically.
It would be interesting to see your program for getting a contour out of a photo.
But specifying type of interpolation between each set of coordinates is also
OK, just it might make code readability slightly more difficult.
I am plotting some points on a line in python using matplotlib, and whenever the point is at/near the boundaries of the plot the annotated text is hard to read due to overlapping axes labels and such (see screenshot below):
I'm currently using code like this to place my point annotations manually:
# add value text to x, y point
jt = x_points_to_plot # a single x-value, in this case
f = ys_func(x_points_to_plot) # a single y-value, in this case
ax.annotate(
'({}C, {:0.0f}%)'.format(jt, f), # the string text to add
xy=(jt + 1, f + 5), # offset the text from the point manually
ha='center')
Usually my points are in the middle and look acceptable, like this:
But I don't want to manually adjust the text for every point, because I have a lot of changing data and it's not where I want to spend my time; instead, I'd love to find a way to accommodate the text so it it easily readable on the plot. Maybe I could expand the plot to contain the new text, or I could move the text to a different place depending on a set of conditions about what might be near the text? I'm not sure...
I think the best answer will be one I can reuse for other projects, robust to points anywhere on the plot, and relatively easy to implement (least amount of custom functions or "hacks" that I would have to recreate for every project). Thanks a ton in advance!
How can I invert (rotate 180 degrees) a text object so that the text is kerned appropriately?
My example uses Python and the svgwrite package, but my question seems about any SVG.
Suppose I use the following code:
dwg = svgwrite.Drawing()
dwg.add(dwg.text(fullName, (int(width/2.),gnameHeight),
font_size=gnameFontSize, text_anchor="middle"))
The above code generates text looking like this:
dwg.text() objects accept a rotate parameter that is applied to all characters in a text string, so I've used the following code to reverse the string first:
pcRotate = [180]
ngap = 1
revFullName = fullName
rcl = []
for c in revFullName:
rcl.append(c)
for i in range(ngap):
rcl.append(' ')
rcl.reverse()
revFullName = ''.join(rcl)
dwg.add(dwg.text(revFullName, (int(width/2.),pcnameHeight),
font_size=gnameFontSize, text_anchor="middle", rotate=pcRotate))
But, this produces the very ugly version below:
and this is using an artificial space gap between characters to make it slightly less unreadable.
What's the best way to tap into whatever kerning is being used by standard text in this inverted situation?
The rotate attribute of a <text> element is intended for situations where you want to rotate individual characters. If you want to rotate the whole text object then you should be using a transform instead.
http://pythonhosted.org/svgwrite/classes/mixins.html#transform-mixin
I'm posting this as a self-answer, only to make formatting more clear. Two useful hints from #paul-lebeau happily acknowledged.
While the svgwrite package seems solid, its documentation is a bit thin. The two things I wish it had said:
The rotate attribute of a <text> element is intended for situations where you want to rotate individual characters. If you want to rotate the whole text object, then you should be using a transform mixin instead.
If you need to center the transformed text with respect to some center (other that the default current user coordinate system), add two additional parameters xctr,yctr. This differs from the doc which calls for a single center argument that is a (2-tuple).
The correct code is:
pcRotate = 'rotate(180,%s,%s)' % (int(width/2.),pcnameHeight)
textGroup = svgwrite.container.Group(transform=pcRotate)
textGroup.add(dwg.text(fullName, (int(width/2.),pcnameHeight),
font_size=gnameFontSize, text_anchor="middle"))
dwg.add(textGroup)
I have a bit of a specific case that I can't seem to figure out a solution to. I'm writing a shipping label template object in ReportLab for Python. I have the following code that creates a barcode as a drawing.
uspsBarcode = createBarcodeDrawing('USPS_4State', value=self.imbval, routing=self.zip4.replace('-',''))
print uspsBarcode.getBounds() # print out of position and scale
Using that code, I later add it to a shape group, and that shape group gets returned. So I need the barcode to be positioned relative to the object. I can't seem to find any way to pass positioning to this, even though I've dug through the inheritance. Though as you can see from the print, positioning is set somwhere.
Just for anyone else that runs across this issue. It turns out that if you put the barcode drawing in a shape group, the shape group container can be moved around numerically with the shift function.
uspsBarcode = shapes.Group()
bc = createBarcodeDrawing('USPS_4State', value=self.imbVal, routing=self.zip4.replace('-',''))
uspsBarcode.add(bc)
uspsBarcode.shift(self.x+(s*0.2), self.y)
I'm working on a map of the native languages of California for Wikipedia. The map contains areas that each correspond to a language. The original looks like this (click it to see the SVG):
I want to make "locator maps" for each of those individual languages by hand (in Inkscape), like this one, for a language called Cahuilla (which has the language code cah):
Needless to say, doing this would be a pain in the neck if I generated all 60-some by hand in Inkscape.
Worse, whenever I find a mistake in the original, I'd have to redo the whole set of locator maps. (And in fact I recently realized that my original is missing one language entirely. Sorry Cupeño.)
So my goal is to automate this process. I don't have much experience processing SVG or even XML, so I'm looking for recommendations as to which libraries would be most helpful. I'd prefer solutions in Python, sincely I'm not hopeless in that language.
To summarize, I need to:
Get a list of references to all the language shapes in the original SVG file.
For each language in this list:
change the background color of the shape for the current language
put a box around the language
duplicate the box and scale it to a given size (I recognize that in this step it might be difficult to actually "crop" the surrounding shapes as I did in my example -- just creating a box with the language shape on a white background would be sufficient.)
place the duplicate in the upper right corner
save all this stuff in code.svg
The final product will then be 60 SVG files named cah.svg, etc. Better yet, it would be possible to re-generate the whole shebang if it became necessary to edit the original map (which is quite likely).
I would recommend using Python and specifically creating extensions for Inkscape. I don't think you really need 60 SVG unless you really want to because the source map will have everything you need.
What I would do is use Inkscape to rename the various regions to the same language code you will be using. For example, Cahuilla or cah is currently path13882 in your SVG file. I would rename it to cah or Cahuilla and repeat the process for each of the language regions. Use the Edit\XML Editor to help make sure you update all of the paths.
After you have updated the names/IDs, then you might look into SVG scripting. I would just create a javascript/ecmascript map or dictionary that has the relevant information for the language:
var langaugeMap = {};
languageMap["cah"] = { name: "Cahuilla", color: "rgb(255, 0, 0)" };
languageMap["cup"] = { name: "Cupeño", color: "rgb(255, 64, 0)" };
// and so on -- this could even be generated from a CSV file or Excel, etc.
// if the highlighted color is always the same, then you don't need it in the map
// or use style sheets for an activeshape and inactiveshape
// Put any information that is specific to a language in the map
Then you just need to add a mouseover function that would add and position the bounding box and change the path color. Here is one example of events and scripting although it is quite dated. Carto.net has an interactive map example as well.
The SVG would look something like:
<path
style="fill:#800000;fill-opacity:1;display:inline"
d="m 422.43078,517.40746 c 0.52151,0.006 1.10755,0.0374 1.75925,0.0825 3.82011,0.26462 5.01088,0.75501 5.75001,2.37491 0.51312,1.12355 2.4121,3.0097 4.22213,4.1946 3.906,2.55656 7.38824,2.07964 9.61517,-1.3194 2.12996,-3.25075 9.13451,-3.19196 13.61739,0.11545 1.77185,1.30707 4.04994,2.38037 5.06319,2.38041 1.01325,0 3.34593,0.92548 5.18421,2.06155 2.52816,1.56236 4.9918,2.09869 10.09889,2.19902 3.71359,0.0729 7.68145,0.64349 8.82374,1.26442 2.81717,1.53202 5.67633,1.42382 10.7693,-0.40133 4.97461,-1.78261 6.31161,-1.36525 17.10267,5.31063 3.39862,2.10239 6.90491,4.08094 7.7956,4.39801 2.46593,0.8776 4.55428,4.66976 3.95259,7.17971 -0.29359,1.22605 -0.75898,3.51121 -1.03349,5.07968 -0.27411,1.56855 -0.88382,3.33952 -1.35761,3.93621 -1.50842,1.89871 -20.98501,7.77151 -27.8945,8.41122 -3.66014,0.33879 -8.3091,1.04337 -10.32987,1.56676 -3.50666,0.90799 -3.81743,0.79746 -6.78388,-2.44089 -3.3486,-3.65594 -6.11308,-4.2716 -8.48815,-1.89661 -2.14408,2.14401 -1.85126,3.96434 1.0667,6.66846 1.40725,1.30409 1.85699,2.10446 1.00027,1.77571 -0.85672,-0.32883 -6.3937,-0.12213 -12.3033,0.46176 -5.9096,0.58386 -12.56062,1.27336 -14.78297,1.53381 -4.17058,0.4888 -5.09869,-0.37014 -2.61673,-2.42989 2.1563,-1.78956 1.74245,-2.63318 -1.65999,-3.36449 -1.69931,-0.36525 -4.94789,-1.90738 -7.213,-3.42496 -2.26473,-1.51754 -5.89662,-3.66823 -8.07583,-4.77731 -2.17921,-1.10923 -6.21922,-3.94186 -8.97721,-6.29463 -4.75318,-4.05478 -4.93682,-4.36681 -3.43604,-6.02527 0.96935,-1.07117 2.36209,-1.56397 3.5899,-1.26992 1.62639,0.38937 2.49494,-0.41237 4.59588,-4.24958 1.42481,-2.60257 2.23686,-4.95457 1.80316,-5.22266 -0.4337,-0.26805 -1.06784,-3.14557 -1.40725,-6.39358 -0.33978,-3.24797 -1.19001,-6.79064 -1.89134,-7.87242 -1.74322,-2.68957 -1.2114,-3.65437 2.44111,-3.61188 l 0,0 z"
id="cah"
inkscape:label="#cah"
onmouseover="highlightRegion(evt);"
onmouseout="restoreRegion(evt);" />
For any automation with the SVG file, I would use Inkscape extensions. Look at the Inkscape wiki under the Developer Tutorials / Extensions. Otherwise, SVG is still XML so if you have named your language regions in the source file with a distinguishing name, you could use Python to parse the XML and save each path/language region to a separate file.
Here's an example using your map. You can click any element to get the boundingbox, this can be used for the miniview viewBox (with some tweaking). As you see it's not adding much code to the map, just a couple of elements. When you have all the viewBoxes you can update the miniview 'viewBox' attribute on the fly using javascript.
For the coloring of the selected shape, I'd suggest adding a <use> element inside the miniview <svg> that has a fill that overrides any fill used in the main map (you may have to use a stylesheet rule for this to make sure it's got high specificity, e.g adding #miniview .activeshape { fill: red !important }. Let the <use> point to the selected shape, and make sure you add class="activeshape" on the shape you point to.
This should be a start at least, hope it helps :)