I wrote a programme to generate a string of number, consisting of 0,1,2,and 3 with the length s and write the output in decode.txt file. Below is the code :
import numpy as np
n_one =int(input('Insert the amount of 1: '))
n_two =int(input('Insert the amount of 2: '))
n_three = int(input('Insert the amount of 3: '))
l = n_one+n_two+n_three
n_zero = l+1
s = (2*(n_zero))-1
data = [0]*n_zero + [1]*n_one + [2]*n_two + [3]*n_three
print ("Data string length is %d" % len(data))
while data[0] == 0 and data[s-1]!=0:
np.random.shuffle(data)
datastring = ''.join(map(str, data))
datastring = str(int(datastring))
files = open('decode.txt', 'w')
files.write(datastring)
files.close()
print("Data string is : %s " % datastring)
The problem occur when I try to read the file from another program, the program don't call the last value of the string.
For example, if the string generated is 30112030000 , the other program will only call 3011203000, means the last 0 is not called.
But if I key in 30112030000 directly to the .txt file, all value is read. I can't figure out where is wrong in my code.
Thank you
Some programs might not like the fact that the file doesn't end with a newline. Try adding files.write('\n') before you close it.
Related
I have written the code below to display the following:
A number of random integers to be chosen by the user
The total of these integers
The total number of numbers
The problem lies in the display of the total, it is concatenating the integers, even though I believe I have used int() correctly.
# This program will write a series of random numbers to a file, and then read and print these numbers
# total of all numbers will be displayed
# number of files read from the file will be displayed
import random
def randomNumberMaker():
random_numbers = open('randoms.txt', 'w')
try:
for i in range(int(input('How many random numbers? :'))):
line_1 = str(random.randint(1, 501))
random_numbers.write(line_1)
print(line_1)
except bad_number:
print("A non integer was entered, sorry.")
random_numbers.close()
randomNumberMaker()
random_number_file = open("randoms.txt", "r")
total= 0
number_of_numbers= 0
line = random_number_file.readline()
while line != "" :
number_of_numbers += 1
number= int (line)
total += number
print(number)
line = random_number_file.readline()
print ("\nThe total number of numbers:" + str(total) +\
"\n There are " + str(number_of_numbers)+ \
" numbers in the file")
Just add endline at the end of each random number.
line_1 = str(random.randint(1, 501)) + '\n'
Since you didn't add any endline character, your input file contains only 1 line of input, and what your code really does is to convert that 1 concatenated string into an int and prints it out.
You used int() correctly, but the problem is in your randoms.txt file. You write all your numbers in a single line without any spaces, so there is no way for the program to know, where to split your numbers. Adding a line break after you write each number fixes the problem:
random_numbers.write(line_1 + "\n")
There is a problem in your randomNumberMaker() function. You are writing all numbers in one line and thus always getting back only one number, which is a textual concatenation of all random numbers.
Change the line
random_numbers.write(line_1)to random_numbers.write(line_1+"\n")and everything will work as expected.
I'm new to Python and I'm trying to output the length of a list as a single integer, eg:
l1 = ['a', 'b', 'c']
len(l1) = 3
However, it is printing on cmdline with 1s down the page, eg:
1
1
1
1
1
1
etc
How can I get it to just output the number rather than a list of 1s?
(Here's the code:)
def Q3():
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
inputauth = open("auth.log", "r")
authStrings = inputauth.readlines()
failedPass = 'Failed password for'
for line in authStrings:
time = line[7:15]
dateHour = line[0:9]
countAttack1 = []
if time in line and failedPass in line:
if dateHour == 'Feb 3 08':
countAttack1.append(time)
length1 = len(countAttack1)
print(length1)
Ideally, I'd like it to output the number in a print so that I could format it, aka:
print("Attack 1: " + length1)
I think you are looping and ifs are inside a loop. If so, just print the length outside loop scope.
Please share the complete code for a better answer
Well as Syed Abdul Wahab said, the problem is that the "list" is getting recreated each loop. This makes so that the print reports "1", as it is the actual length of the list.
The other problem, repetition of the printng is similar - you are actually printing "each time in the loop".
The solution is then simple: you initialize the list outside the loop; and also report outside the loop.
def Q3():
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
inputauth = open("auth.log", "r")
authStrings = inputauth.readlines()
failedPass = 'Failed password for'
countAttack1 = [] # after this line the countAttack will be empty
for line in authStrings:
time = line[7:15]
dateHour = line[0:9]
if time in line and failedPass in line:
if dateHour == 'Feb 3 08':
countAttack1.append(time)
length1 = len(countAttack1)
print("Attack 1: " + str(length1))
I'd also like to take a bit of time to link you to string formatting While the documentation is complex it will make printing much easier, above print is trnasformed into:
print("Attack 1: {0}".format(length1))
Further analysing the code gives some peculiarities, you check if time is in the line string. - However just a few codelines above you create time from a slice of line - so it will always be inside line. (Except for the edge case where line is not of correct length, but that'll error anyways). So that if statement should be simplified to:
if failedPass in line:
Here is the function that prints the the length:
def print_length():
if time in line and failedPass in line:
if dateHour == 'Feb 3 08':
countAttack1.append(time)
length1 = len(countAttack1)
print(length1)
print_length()
>>>Print length of the List.
I have a bunch of data in .txt file and I need it in a format that I can use in fusion tables/spreadsheet. I assume that that format would be a csv that I can write into another file that I can then import into a spreadsheet to work with.
The data is in this format with multiple entries separated by a blank line.
Start Time
8/18/14, 11:59 AM
Duration
15 min
Start Side
Left
Fed on Both Sides
No
Start Time
8/18/14, 8:59 AM
Duration
13 min
Start Side
Right
Fed on Both Sides
No
(etc.)
but I need it ultimately in this format (or whatever i can use to get it into a spreadsheet)
StartDate, StartTime, Duration, StartSide, FedOnBothSides
8/18/14, 11:59 AM, 15, Left, No
- , -, -, -, -
The problems I have come across are:
-I don't need all the info or every line but i'm not sure how to automatically separate them. I don't even know if the way I am going about sorting each line is smart
-I have been getting an error that says that "argument 1 must be string or read-only character buffer, not list" when I use .read() or .readlines() sometimes (although it did work at first). also both of my arguments are .txt files.
-the dates and times are not in set formats with regular lengths (it has 8/4/14, 5:14 AM instead of 08/04/14, 05:14 AM) which I'm not sure how to deal with
this is what I have tried so far
from sys import argv
from os.path import exists
def filework():
script, from_file, to_file = argv
print "copying from %s to %s" % (from_file, to_file)
in_file = open(from_file)
indata = in_file.readlines() #.read() .readline .readlines .read().splitline .xreadlines
print "the input file is %d bytes long" % len(indata)
print "does the output file exist? %r" % exists(to_file)
print "ready, hit RETURN to continue, CTRL-C to abort."
raw_input()
#do stuff section----------------BEGIN
for i in indata:
if i == "Start Time":
pass #do something
elif i== '{date format}':
pass #do something
else:
pass #do something
#do stuff section----------------END
out_file = open(to_file, 'w')
out_file.write(indata)
print "alright, all done."
out_file.close()
in_file.close()
filework()
So I'm relatively unversed in scripts like this that have multiple complex parts. Any help and suggestions would be greatly appreciated. Sorry if this is a jumble.
Thanks
This code should work, although its not exactly optimal, but I'm sure you'll figure out how to make it better!
What this code basically does is:
Get all the lines from the input data
Loop through all the lines, and try to recognize different keys (the start time etc)
If a keys is recognize, get the line beneath it, and apply a appropriate function to it
If a new line is found, add the current entry to a list, so that other entries can be read
Write the data to a file
Incase you haven't seen string formatting being done this way before:
"{0:} {1:}".format(arg0, arg1), the {0:} is just a way of defining a placeholder for a variable(here: arg0), and the 0 just defines which arguments to use.
Find out more here:
Python .format docs
Python OrderedDict docs
If you are using a version of python < 2.7, you might have to install a other version of ordereddicts by using pip install ordereddict. If that doesn't work, just change data = OrderedDict() to data = {}, and it should work. But then the output will look somewhat different each time it is generated, but it will still be correct.
from sys import argv
from os.path import exists
# since we want to have a somewhat standardized format
# and dicts are unordered by default
try:
from collections import OrderedDict
except ImportError:
# python 2.6 or earlier, use backport
from ordereddict import OrderedDict
def get_time_and_date(time):
date, time = time.split(",")
time, time_indic = time.split()
date = pad_time(date)
time = "{0:} {1:}".format(pad_time(time), time_indic)
return time, date
"""
Make all the time values look the same, ex turn 5:30 AM into 05:30 AM
"""
def pad_time(time):
# if its time
if ":" in time:
separator = ":"
# if its a date
else:
separator = "/"
time = time.split(separator)
for index, num in enumerate(time):
if len(num) < 2:
time[index] = "0" + time[index]
return separator.join(time)
def filework():
from_file, to_file = argv[1:]
data = OrderedDict()
print "copying from %s to %s" % (from_file, to_file)
# by using open(...) the file closes automatically
with open(from_file, "r") as inputfile:
indata = inputfile.readlines()
entries = []
print "the input file is %d bytes long" % len(indata)
print "does the output file exist? %r" % exists(to_file)
print "ready, hit RETURN to continue, CTRL-C to abort."
raw_input()
for line_num in xrange(len(indata)):
# make the entire string lowercase to be more flexible,
# and then remove whitespace
line_lowered = indata[line_num].lower().strip()
if "start time" == line_lowered:
time, date = get_time_and_date(indata[line_num+1].strip())
data["StartTime"] = time
data["StartDate"] = date
elif "duration" == line_lowered:
duration = indata[line_num+1].strip().split()
# only keep the amount of minutes
data["Duration"] = duration[0]
elif "start side" == line_lowered:
data["StartSide"] = indata[line_num+1].strip()
elif "fed on both sides" == line_lowered:
data["FedOnBothSides"] = indata[line_num+1].strip()
elif line_lowered == "":
# if a blank line is found, prepare for reading a new entry
entries.append(data)
data = OrderedDict()
entries.append(data)
# create the outfile if it does not exist
with open(to_file, "w+") as outfile:
headers = entries[0].keys()
outfile.write(", ".join(headers) + "\n")
for entry in entries:
outfile.write(", ".join(entry.values()) + "\n")
filework()
I'm trying to read the last line from a text file. Each line starts with a number, so the next time something is inserted, the new number will be incremented by 1.
For example, this would be a typical file
1. Something here date
2. Something else here date
#next entry would be "3. something date"
If the file is blank I can enter an entry with no problem. However, when there are already entries I get the following error
LastItemNum = lineList[-1][0:1] +1 #finds the last item's number
TypeError: cannon concatenate 'str' and 'int objects
Here's my code for the function
def AddToDo(self):
FILE = open(ToDo.filename,"a+") #open file for appending and reading
FileLines = FILE.readlines() #read the lines in the file
if os.path.getsize("EnteredInfo.dat") == 0: #if there is nothing, set the number to 1
LastItemNum = "1"
else:
LastItemNum = FileLines[-1][0:1] + 1 #finds the last items number
FILE.writelines(LastItemNum + ". " + self.Info + " " + str(datetime.datetime.now()) + '\n')
FILE.close()
I tried to convert LastItemNum to a string but I get the same "cannot concatenate" error.
LastItemNum = int(lineList[-1][0:1]) +1
then you've to convert LastItemNum back to string before writing to file, using :
LastItemNum=str(LastItemNum) or instead of this you can use string formatting.
Currently, I'm using this to calculate the time between two messages and listing the times if they are above 20 seconds.
def time_deltas(infile):
entries = (line.split() for line in open(INFILE, "r"))
ts = {}
for e in entries:
if " ".join(e[2:5]) == "OuchMsg out: [O]":
ts[e[8]] = e[0]
elif " ".join(e[2:5]) == "OuchMsg in: [A]":
in_ts, ref_id = e[0], e[7]
out_ts = ts.pop(ref_id, None)
yield (float(out_ts),ref_id[1:-1],(float(in_ts)*10000 - float(out_ts)*10000))
n = (float(in_ts)*10000 - float(out_ts)*10000)
if n> 20:
print float(out_ts),ref_id[1:-1], n
INFILE = 'C:/Users/klee/Documents/text.txt'
import csv
with open('output_file1.csv', 'w') as f:
csv.writer(f).writerows(time_deltas(INFILE))
However, there are two major errors. First of all, python drops zeros when the time is before 10, ie. 0900. And, it drops zeros making the time difference not accurate.
It looks like:
130203.08766
when it should be:
130203.087660
You are yielding floats, so the csv writer turns those floats into strings as it pleases.
If you want your output values to be a certain format, yield a string in that format.
Perhaps something like this?
print "%04.0f" % (900) # prints 0900