Develop Reference

Problems with tkinter grid layout in python

I'm doing the Angela Yu 100 days of code python course and im having trouble with the grid layout in tkinter package. I don't understand why my Entry objects aren't directly under each other. I used the same padding and size values as in the course and i tried to change them to look better but the password entry and the add button are more on the left then other entries while they have the same column number in the grid function. Thank u for ur help ^^
Here is the code i used for interface:
window = Tk()
window.title("Password Manager")
window.config(padx=50, pady=50)
logo = PhotoImage(file="logo.png")
image = Canvas(width=200, height=200, highlightthicknes=0)
image.create_image(100, 100, image=logo)
image.grid(column=1, row=0)
website = Label(text="Website:")
website.grid(column=0, row=1)
email = Label(text="Email/Username:")
email.grid(column=0, row=2)
password = Label(text="Password:")
password.grid(column=0, row=3)
website_blank = Entry(width=36)
website_blank.grid(column=1, row=1, columnspan=2)
website_blank.focus()
email_blank = Entry(width=36)
email_blank.grid(column=1, row=2, columnspan=2)
email_blank.insert(0, "aleksander.jaloszynski#gmail.com")
password_blank = Entry(width=21)
password_blank.grid(column=1, row=3)
generate_password = Button(text="Generate Password")
generate_password.grid(column=2, row=3)
add = Button(text="Add", width=36, command=save)
add.grid(column=1, row=4, columnspan=2)
window.mainloop()
And here is how it looks:
enter image description here

How to Get Iterations to Update with addition to list

So I've been struggling with an issue for a week or so, been googling around trying to find different solutions, etc and getting nowhere. I was advised to put functioning code on here so I've cut it down some while still showing the issue.
I want to have a main page listing a set of goals, then if you click on the "Goal Entry" button up top a new window opens where you can input additional goals. Then you type in your desired additions, hit enter, and it adds it to the list on the main page.
I've accomplished all of the above EXCEPT, after you add the goals (and I have the list printing before and after so I know they're being added) and the entry window closes, the list of labels (created by an iteration) hasn't updated accordingly.
How do I get the list on the main page to automatically update when a new item is added to the list?
from tkinter import *
pg = ["goal1","goal2"]
pgtotal=1
psum=len(pg)
class yeargoals():
global pg, hg, fg, rg, rgtotal
def __init__(self,master):
self.master = master
master.title("This Year's Goals")
self.buttonframe = Frame(root)
self.buttonframe.pack(side=TOP, padx = 150, fill=BOTH)
self.home = Button(self.buttonframe, text="Home Page")
self.home.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=10)
self.enter = Button(self.buttonframe, text="Goal Entry", command=self.winenter)
self.enter.grid(row=1, column=2, padx=10)
self.finalize = Button(self.buttonframe, text="Finalize for Year")
self.finalize.grid(row=1, column=3, padx=10)
self.dashboard = Button(self.buttonframe, text="Goal Dashboard")
self.dashboard.grid(row=1,column=4, padx=10)
self.goalframe = Frame(root)
self.goalframe.pack(side=TOP, padx=150, pady=50, fill=BOTH, expand = True)
#Makes the label Fram I want the Checkboxes to go in
self.LabelFramep= LabelFrame(self.goalframe,text="Professional Goals")
self.LabelFramep.pack(side=LEFT, padx=10, anchor = N, fill=BOTH, expand = True)
#Makes the from the list above
for goal in pg:
l = Checkbutton(self.LabelFramep, text=goal, variable=Variable())
l.config(font=("Courier",12))
l.grid(sticky=W)
self.ptotal=Label(self.LabelFramep,text="Progress so far: "+str(pgtotal)+"/"+str(psum))
self.ptotal.config(font=("Courier",12))
self.ptotal.grid(sticky=W)
self.pper=Label(self.LabelFramep, text=str(round((pgtotal/psum)*100))+"% Complete")
self.pper.config(font=("Courier",12))
self.pper.grid(sticky=W)
def winenter(self):
global pg
self.winenter = Toplevel(root)
options = ["Professional", "Health", "Financial", "Reward Items"]
variable = StringVar(self.winenter)
variable.set(options[0])
#Title of entry section
t1 = Label(self.winenter, text="New Goal Entry")
t1.grid(row=0, column=1, columnspan=2)
#dropdown menu
d = OptionMenu(self.winenter, variable, *options)
d.grid(row=1, column=2)
#entry fields
e1 = Entry(self.winenter)
e1.grid(row=2, column=2, padx = 10, pady=5)
e2 = Entry(self.winenter)
e2.grid(row=3, column=2, padx=10, pady=5)
e3 = Entry(self.winenter)
e3.grid(row=4, column=2, padx=10, pady=5)
e4 = Entry(self.winenter)
e4.grid(row=5, column=2, padx=10, pady=5)
e5 = Entry(self.winenter)
e5.grid(row=6, column=2, padx=10, pady=5)
#Label for entry fields
l1 = Label(self.winenter, text="Goal Number 1")
l1.grid(row=2, column=1)
l2 = Label(self.winenter, text="Goal Number 2")
l2.grid(row=3, column=1)
l3 = Label(self.winenter, text="Goal Number 3")
l3.grid(row=4, column=1)
l4 = Label(self.winenter, text="Goal Number 4")
l4.grid(row=5, column=1)
l5 = Label(self.winenter, text="Goal Number 5")
l5.grid(row=6, column=1)
def enter():
global pg, main
print (pg)
if variable.get() == "Professional":
pg.append(e1.get())
self.winenter.destroy()
print (pg)
#Goal entry execute button
b = Button(self.winenter, text="Enter Goals", command=enter)
b.grid(row=7, column = 1)
root = Tk()
Window = yeargoals(root)
root.mainloop()

In your callback function to button "Enter Goals", you have done nothing to update your main window. Maybe you think the main window will magically keep updated with the variable pg, no, you need to do all those updates manually in your callback function.
For example, change your callback enter() to:
def enter():
global pg, main
print (pg)
if variable.get() == "Professional":
pg.append(e1.get())
l = Checkbutton(self.LabelFramep, text=pg[-1], variable=Variable())
l.config(font=("Courier",12))
l.grid(sticky=W)
self.winenter.destroy()
print (pg)
You can find the main window is updated after you click "Enter Goals".

Python3.6 : Trying to avoid using a global for my swap function with tkinter

I have only been programming 3 months so any advice on improvement to my code is appreciated even if it inst related to my specific question.
Its a simple small project with tkinter. Two fields to enter your first and last name then you hit the swap button and it will swap what ever you put in the name fields.
Problem is I dont want to use globals and I cant seem to figure it out I know its probably something easy and I did spend time trying to figure it out.
If you have any improvements to the code let me know.
from tkinter import *
### I dont Want Globals but cant figure out another method for doing this
### Hope some one can help me with this part
evar = ""
evar1 = ""
def mainWindow():
root = Tk()
root.title("Swap Names")
root.geometry("400x150+100+250")
return root
def createVar():
global evar
global evar1
evar = StringVar()
evar1 = StringVar()
def firstNameFrame(root):
frame1 = Frame(root)
frame1.pack(side=TOP, padx=2, pady=2)
label = Label(frame1, text="First Name:")
label.pack(side=LEFT, padx=2, pady=2)
entry = Entry(frame1, textvariable = evar)
entry.pack(side=LEFT, pady = 2)
def lastNameFrame(root):
frame2 = Frame(root)
frame2.pack(side=TOP, padx=2, pady=2)
label = Label(frame2, text="Last Name:")
label.pack(side=LEFT, padx=1, pady=1)
entry = Entry(frame2, textvariable = evar1)
entry.pack(side=LEFT, pady = 5)
def swapFrame(root):
frame3 = Frame(root)
frame3.pack(side=TOP, padx=10, pady = 10)
swapButton = Button(frame3, text="Swap",command = swap)
swapButton.pack(side=LEFT, padx =5, pady=5)
### I would like to some how use swap with out using a global
def swap():
b=evar.get()
evar.set(evar1.get())
evar1.set(b)
def main():
root = mainWindow()
createVar()
firstNameFrame(root)
lastNameFrame(root)
swapFrame(root)
root.mainloop()
main()

One of the solutions can be wrapping all the code related to the initialization and working with Tk in a separate class, so instead of global variables, we will use the class instance variables:
from tkinter import *
class Gui(object):
def __init__(self):
self.root = Gui._init_main_window()
self.first_name_var = StringVar()
self.last_name_var = StringVar()
self._init_first_name_frame()
self._init_last_name_frame()
self._init_swap_frame()
#staticmethod
def _init_main_window():
root = Tk()
root.title("Swap Names")
root.geometry("400x150+100+250")
return root
def _init_first_name_frame(self):
frame1 = Frame(self.root)
frame1.pack(side=TOP, padx=2, pady=2)
label = Label(frame1, text="First Name:")
label.pack(side=LEFT, padx=2, pady=2)
entry = Entry(frame1, textvariable=self.first_name_var)
entry.pack(side=LEFT, pady=2)
def _init_last_name_frame(self):
frame2 = Frame(self.root)
frame2.pack(side=TOP, padx=2, pady=2)
label = Label(frame2, text="Last Name:")
label.pack(side=LEFT, padx=1, pady=1)
entry = Entry(frame2, textvariable=self.last_name_var)
entry.pack(side=LEFT, pady=5)
def _init_swap_frame(self):
frame3 = Frame(self.root)
frame3.pack(side=TOP, padx=10, pady=10)
swap_button = Button(frame3, text="Swap", command=self._swap)
swap_button.pack(side=LEFT, padx=5, pady=5)
def _swap(self):
tmp = self.first_name_var.get()
self.first_name_var.set(self.last_name_var.get())
self.last_name_var.set(tmp)
def mainloop(self):
return self.root.mainloop()
def main():
gui = Gui()
gui.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
A small comment to the code above: adding a prefix __ to variables or methods allows you to hide access to them directly by name outside the class using the name mangling.
UPD: According to #Coal comment, changed the double underscore prefixes to single underscore, as there is no need to use a name mangling.

This is assuming that when you say you don't want to use global, that you also mean that you don't want to use self:
from tkinter import Tk, Button, Entry
def swap(fn, ln):
# Get the contents of the two fields.
first = fn.get()
last = ln.get()
# Clear the contents of both fields.
first_name.delete(0, 'end')
last_name.delete(0, 'end')
# Set each field to the previous content of the other field.
first_name.insert(0, last)
last_name.insert(0, first)
root = Tk()
first_name = Entry(root)
last_name = Entry(root)
first_name.insert(0, "Enter first name")
last_name.insert(0, "Enter last name")
first_name.pack()
last_name.pack()
swap_button = Button(root, text="SWAP", command=lambda:swap(first_name, last_name))
swap_button.pack()
root.mainloop()

How to change labels and radiobuttons after a button clicked?

I have programmed a script which takes random four elements from a table and question to the user using tkinter, random and sqlite3. Currently, I can ask a question. Implement four choices with radiobuttons. I can also test if the answer is correct or not and show the result to the user via toplevel().
Problem is, how can I refresh the question after the continue button clicked?
My whole code is below. I have tried refreshing the random numbers and labels under continue_asking or another def called from continue_asking. But it doesn't work at all.
from tkinter import *
from sqlite3 import *
from random import *
class Question(Frame):
def __init__(self, master):
Frame.__init__(self, master)
self.grid()
self.prepare_question()
def prepare_question(self):
self.tumu = {0:['ask1','answer1'], # instead of SQL query
1:['ask2','answer2'],
2:['ask3','answer3'],
3:['ask4','answer4']}
self.create_widgets()
def create_widgets(self):
self.choiceFrame = Frame(self)
self.choiceFrame.grid(row=2, column=0)
self.choiceNum = IntVar()
for i in range(4):
Radiobutton(self.choiceFrame, text=self.tumu[i][1], variable=self.choiceNum, value=i) \
.grid(row=2, column=i, padx=5, pady=5)
self.q_num = randrange(4)
self.q_word = self.tumu[self.q_num][0]
lbl_question = Label(self, text="Which one is the meaning of the word: " + self.q_word, font="Courier 12")
lbl_question.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4, padx=5, pady=5, sticky=W)
txt_question = Text(self, height=1, font="Courier 12", pady=2)
txt_question.tag_configure("myStyle", font="Courier 12 bold")
txt_question.insert("end", "Please choose the answer and ")
txt_question.insert("end", "click okay to see the results.", "myStyle")
txt_question.configure(state="disabled")
txt_question.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=4, padx=5, sticky=W)
btn_okay = Button(self, text="Okay", font="12", command=self.a_control)
btn_okay.grid(row=3, column=0, columnspan=2)
def a_control(self):
self.choosenWord = self.q_num
self.frm_answer = Toplevel()
self.frm_answer.title("Result")
self.selectedWord = self.choiceNum.get()
txt_result = Text(self.frm_answer, height=4, width = 40)
if self.choosenWord == self.selectedWord:
txt_result.insert("end", "Congrats! Your answer is correct.\n")
else:
txt_result.insert("end","Your answer is not correct.\n")
txt_result.insert("end", "Correct answer is " + self.tumu[self.q_num][1] + '\n')
txt_result.insert("end", "Please click Continue to continue.\n")
txt_result.insert("end", "Click cancel to quit.")
txt_result.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=2, padx = 5, pady=5)
txt_result.configure(state="disabled")
btn_continue = Button(self.frm_answer, text="Continue", command=lambda: self.continue_asking(self.frm_answer))
btn_continue.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky = W)
btn_quit = Button(self.frm_answer, text="Cancel", command=self.end_asking)
btn_quit.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=5, pady=5, sticky = W)
def continue_asking(self,frm_answer):
frm_answer.destroy()
def end_asking(self):
root.destroy()
root = Tk()
app = Question(root)
root.mainloop()
I have tried adding prepare_question to continue_asking. It keeps asking questions but widgets are not changing. They are just overlapping.

EDIT
So let's restart from scratch, i was totally wrong because no widget was removed and they stacked in the main Frame children list.
You still don't need to write so much code, mostly move some parts.
First, to be able to update the widgets and prepare the new question peacefully, move
self.create_widgets() in the constructor and put the random index self.q_num and self.q_word inside prepare_question, since it belongs to the logic of the question creation.
In create_widgets() you only need to keep some control on the label question, so we add self.lbl_question...
Finally, i suggest to create a new function update_widgets(), but you can put the logic inside continue_asking().
In this function, call prepare_question to update the next question (sql query and random stuff). Since we move the random index, everything is ready to update each widget:
text of the question label
text of radiobuttons. I'm not so proud of the loop to change those, but that'll do the trick. (we keep the values created for the indexes to match the new ones, i'm not very sure about this logic with SQL queries, i follow your first implementation with text=self.tumu[i][1])
If someone can tell how to get the radiobutton value more easily, i'm interested
Here is the whole code:
from tkinter import *
from sqlite3 import *
from random import *
class Question(Frame):
def __init__(self, master):
Frame.__init__(self, master)
self.grid()
self.prepare_question()
self.create_widgets()
def prepare_question(self):
self.tumu = {0:['ask1','answer1'], # instead of SQL query
1:['ask2','answer2'],
2:['ask3','answer3'],
3:['ask4','answer4']}
self.q_num = randrange(4)
self.q_word = self.tumu[self.q_num][0]
def create_widgets(self):
self.choiceFrame = Frame(self)
self.choiceFrame.grid(row=2, column=0)
self.choiceNum = IntVar()
for i in range(4):
Radiobutton(self.choiceFrame, text=self.tumu[i][1], variable=self.choiceNum, value=i) \
.grid(row=2, column=i, padx=5, pady=5)
self.lbl_question = Label(self, text="Which one is the meaning of the word: " + self.q_word, font="Courier 12")
self.lbl_question.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4, padx=5, pady=5, sticky=W)
txt_question = Text(self, height=1, font="Courier 12", pady=2)
txt_question.tag_configure("myStyle", font="Courier 12 bold")
txt_question.insert("end", "Please choose the answer and ")
txt_question.insert("end", "click okay to see the results.", "myStyle")
txt_question.configure(state="disabled")
txt_question.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=4, padx=5, sticky=W)
btn_okay = Button(self, text="Okay", font="12", command=self.a_control)
btn_okay.grid(row=3, column=0, columnspan=2)
def a_control(self):
self.choosenWord = self.q_num
self.frm_answer = Toplevel()
self.frm_answer.title("Result")
self.selectedWord = self.choiceNum.get()
txt_result = Text(self.frm_answer, height=4, width = 40)
if self.choosenWord == self.selectedWord:
txt_result.insert("end", "Congrats! Your answer is correct.\n")
else:
txt_result.insert("end","Your answer is not correct.\n")
txt_result.insert("end", "Correct answer is " + self.tumu[self.q_num][1] + '\n')
txt_result.insert("end", "Please click Continue to continue.\n")
txt_result.insert("end", "Click cancel to quit.")
txt_result.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=2, padx = 5, pady=5)
txt_result.configure(state="disabled")
btn_continue = Button(self.frm_answer, text="Continue", command=self.continue_asking)
btn_continue.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky = W)
btn_quit = Button(self.frm_answer, text="Cancel", command=self.end_asking)
btn_quit.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=5, pady=5, sticky = W)
def continue_asking(self):
self.frm_answer.destroy()
self.update_widgets()
def update_widgets(self):
self.prepare_question()
# change question text
self.lbl_question.configure(text = "Which one is the meaning of the word: " + self.q_word)
# change Radiobutton
for child in self.choiceFrame.children.values():
index = child.config()['value'][4]
child.configure(text = self.tumu[index][1])
if index == 0: # reset the focus
child.select()
def end_asking(self):
root.destroy()
root = Tk()
app = Question(root)
root.mainloop()
First crap post: (the not to do part)
You don't need to change so much code to fix the present issue, have you already tried the following ?
def continue_asking(self,frm_answer):
frm_answer.destroy()
self.prepare_question()
I won't review the whole code, there is another place for that, but you can also avoid the lambda when you call continue_asking(), since you store the frame in self.frm_answer
btn_continue = Button(self.frm_answer, text="Continue", command=self.continue_asking)
# [...]
def continue_asking(self):
self.frm_answer.destroy()
self.prepare_question()

python tkinter and scope of stringvar()

Python noob here. I've created a simple tkinter app with 6 frames. Using multiple frames was the easiest way I could find to get all of the widgets to line up.
I want to have a text entry field in one of the frames that can be updated by other functions in the code. However, no matter what I try, I cannot get blah.set( "blah" ) to work.
I'm not using the self/parent stuff because I have not been able to figure that out yet. Here's what I've got:
def Next () :
glob_current_company_display.set( "test" )
def makeWindow () :
win = Tk()
win.title('Finder')
win.geometry('+842+721')
# ************************************************************************
# Frame 2
frame2 = Frame(win)
button_03 = Button(frame2, text="Next", width=10, command=Next)
button_03.pack(side=LEFT)
# ************************************************************************
# Frame 5
frame5 = Frame(win)
co_name_label = Label(frame5, text="Company Name: ", justify=LEFT)
co_name_label.pack(side=LEFT)
global glob_current_company_display
glob_current_company_display = StringVar()
co_name_entry = Entry(frame5, width=50, textvariable=glob_current_company_display)
co_name_entry.pack(side=LEFT)
# ************************************************************************
# Pack the frames
frame5.pack(side=TOP, pady=5, padx=5)
frame2.pack(side=TOP, pady=5, padx=5)
return win
win = makeWindow()
win.mainloop()

You probably should investigate the "self/parent stuff". It's comes in very handy for this kind of stuff. For now: you could put the creation of the global variable before the button_03 that has Next() as command (which has a reference to te global in it).
from Tkinter import *
def Next () :
glob_current_company_display.set( "test" )
def makeWindow () :
win = Tk()
win.title('Finder')
win.geometry('+842+721')
global glob_current_company_display
glob_current_company_display = StringVar()
# ************************************************************************
# Frame 2
frame2 = Frame(win)
button_03 = Button(frame2, text="Next", width=10, command=Next)
button_03.pack(side=LEFT)
# ************************************************************************
# Frame 5
frame5 = Frame(win)
co_name_label = Label(frame5, text="Company Name: ", justify=LEFT)
co_name_label.pack(side=LEFT)
co_name_entry = Entry(frame5, width=50, textvariable=glob_current_company_display)
co_name_entry.pack(side=LEFT)
# ************************************************************************
# Pack the frames
frame5.pack(side=TOP, pady=5, padx=5)
frame2.pack(side=TOP, pady=5, padx=5)
return win
win = makeWindow()
win.mainloop()