I am attempting to call a function from another file called 'run_ES_15M_Trend_Identifier':
import sys
import os
sys.path.append(os.path.abspath(r"C:\Users\cost9\OneDrive\Documents\PYTHON\Daily Tasks\Individual Trading\ES"))
from ES_15M_Trend_Identifier import run_ES_15M_Trend_Identifier
So the above function comes from the ES_15M_Trend_Identifier py file. I just ran that file from its own directory and it works perfect - modifies the dataframe, sends to csv. So the error isn't coming from the function itself. Instead I get the error:
ImportError: cannot import name run_ES_15M_Trend_Identifier
I realize there might be something circular about this process from other SO posts, but I'm not sure how to fix it.
edit: I've also tried:
from ES_15M_Trend_Identifier import *
run_ES_15M_Trend_Identifier()
which gives the error:
NameError: name 'run_ES_15M_Trend_Identifier' is not defined
edit: Here's the function, which works when I run it in its own file:
def run_ES_15M_Trend_Identifier():
# Do stuff to pandas dataframe, including some for loops that fill out additional columns - this function works on the original file
path_to_csv = "C:\\Users\\cost9\\OneDrive\\Documents\\PYTHON\\Daily Tasks\\Individual Trading\\ES\CSV\\15M\\Trend_Identifier\\ES_15M_Summary.csv"
ES_15M_Summary_Reduced.to_csv(path_or_buf = path_to_csv)
Is both files are in the same directory? if not put both files in the same folder!
Related
I am making a script (python) and need to import other files (complete).
The file I would like to import, is 2 directories up from the script.
Normal in Python you would do something like
../../../file.py <-- goes up 3 directories
When I do this in Python it gives a syntax error.
..file for example works but as soon as I chain it ../..file.py the syntax error comes in.
I tried
../..file
../../file
/../..file
/../../file
The error says invalid syntax.
The complete command is
from ../..file import *
I would like to import all the content of the file.
The path needs to be relative due to the nature of the script. No hardcoding allowed.
How can I go up multiple directories in Python?
importlib was added to Python 3 to programmatically import a module.
import importlib
moduleName = input('Enter module name:')
importlib.import_module(moduleName)
The .py extension should be removed from moduleName. The function also defines a package argument for relative imports.
If you want to import the whole file you can just do import file. Then you can choose the function that you are interesting in.
for example:
import FULL_PATH_TO_MY_FILE
my_file.my_func...
or you can try:
from FULL_PATH_TO_MY_FILE import *
and then you can use each function in your file like this - myfunc()
I'm trying to use multiple files in my programing and I ran into a problem.
I have two files: main.py, nu.py
The main file is:
import numpy
import nu
def numarray():
numpy.array(some code goes here)
nu.createarray()
The nu file is:
def createarray():
numpy.array(some code goes here)
When I run main I get an error:
File "D:\python\nu.py", line 2, in createarray
numpy.array(some code goes here)
NameError: name 'numpy' is not defined
numpy is just an exaple, I'm using about six imports.
As far as I see it, I have to import all moduls on all files, but it creating a problem where certain modules can't be loaded twice, it just hang.
What I'm doing wrong and how can I properly import functions from another file while using imported modules from the main file?
I hope i explain it well.
thanks for helping!
I have years in python and importing from other files is still a headache..
The problmen here is that you are not importing numpy in "nu.py".
But as you say sometimes it's a little annoying have to import al libraries in all files.
The last thing is, How do you get the error a module cannot be imported twice? can you give me an example?
In each separate python script if you are using a module within you need to import it to access. So you will need to 'import numpy' in your nu.py script like below
If possible try keeping the use of a module within a script so you dont have import the same multiple times, although this wont always be appropriate
I have a file called hotel_helper.py from which I want to import a function called demo1, but I am unable to import it.
My hotel_helper.py file:
def demo1():
print('\n\n trying to import this function ')
My other file:
from hotel.helpers.hotel_helper import demo1
demo1()
but I get:
ImportError: cannot import name 'demo1' from 'hotel.helpers.hotel_helper'
When I import using from hotel.helpers.hotel_helper import * instead of from hotel.helpers.hotel_helper import demo1 it works and the function gets called. I tried importing the whole file with from hotel.helpers import hotel_helper and then call the function with hotel_helper.demo1() and it works fine. I don't understand what's wrong in first method. I want to directly import function rather using * or importing the whole file.
If you filename is hotel_helper.py you have to options how to import demo1:
You can import the whole module hotel_helper as and then call your func:
import hotel_helper as hh
hh.demo1()
You can import only function demo1 from module as:
from hote_helpers import demo1
demo1()
From your fileName import your function
from hotel.helpers import demo1
demo1()
You can import a py file with the following statement:
# Other import
import os
import sys
if './hotel' not in sys.path:
sys.path.insert(0, './hotel')
from hotel import *
NOTE:
For IDE like PyCharm, you can specify the import path using the Project Structure setting tab (CTRL+ALT+S)
Helpful stack overflow questions [maybe off topic]:
What is the right way to create project structure in pycharm?
Manage import with PyCharm documentation:
https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/configuring-project-structure.html
This is probably a duplicate of: https://stackoverflow.com/posts/57944151/edit
I created two files (defdemo.py and rundefdemo.py) from your posted 2 files and substituted 'defdemo' for 'hotel.helpers.hotel_helper' in the code. My 2 files are in my script directory for Python 3.7 on windows 10 and my script directory is in the python path file python37._pth. It worked.
defdemo.py
def demo1():
print('\n\n trying to import this function ')
rundefdemo.py
from defdemo import demo1
demo1()
output
trying to import this function
I was able to solve the issue, it was related to some imports I was making in my file, when I removed all the import statement in my hotel_helper.py ,the code started working as expected , Still I don't understand reason why the issue was occurring. anyway it works.
This ImportError can also arise when the function being imported is already defined somewhere else in the main script (i.e. calling script) or notebook, or when it is defined in a separate dependency (i.e. another module). This happens most often during development, when the developer forgets to comment out or delete the function definition in the body of a main file or nb after moving it to a module.
Make sure there are no other versions of the function in your development environment and dependencies.
I've been working on a project where I have a file which needs to call a function from a file in a sub package/directory, which in turn is calling a function from another file in the same sub package. As such, I have a main file which is importing a sub file. This sub file is also importing another sub file which is in the same package.
The first sub file has no issue whatsoever importing the second sub file. The main file also has no issue importing the first sub file. However, when I put it all together and run the main file, Python thinks that the second sub file doesn't exist, which I find strange. I've simplified and visualised my problem with an example below:
I have the following file hierarchy:
test_package\
__init__.py
main_file.py
test_sub_package\
__init__.py
subfile1.py
subfile2.py
main_file code:
import test_sub_package.subfile1
subfile1 code:
import subfile2
subfile2 code:
def get_string():
return ("Hello, World!")
So, I would expect main_file to import subfile2 via subfile1. However this doesn't seem to be the case because I get an error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "...\Test\main_file.py", line 1, in <module>
import test_package.subfile1
File "...\Test\test_sub_package\subfile1.py", line 1, in <module>
import subfile2
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'subfile2'
I was a little surprised that I got this error before I even attempted to call the functionality in subfile2. Either way, I'm confused why this doesn't work. Am I just doing something stupid here or am I trying to do something Python fundamentally doesn't support. If anyone can give me a solution it would be most appreciated.
I suspect this is probably a duplicate but I couldn't find an answer to my specific problem. So, sorry in advance.
When you import a module into another module from the same directory you must use must use a relative import in subfile1.py you will need to write:
from . import subfile2
Note, that doesn't give subfile 1 access to get_string to use it in subfile1, you would need to either write subfile2.get_string() or import it directly with:
from .subfile2 import get_string
I have tried this out and it works, I hope this helps :)
Note: that, if you are running a python script, and you need to import a module in that same directory, you can just say import module_name. It makes a difference if it is a script you are running, or a module that is being used in some other script. For a detailed explanation as to why see here
(I assume from your error message that you want to run main.py, if this is not the case you will need to change import test_sub_package.subfile1 to from . import test_sub_package.subfile1)
main file should be:
from test_sub_package.subfile1 import get_string
get_string()
subfile1.py
import test_sub_package.subfile2
I've got a Python script.
I've had several functions in this script which I decided to move to a 'package' folder beside the main script.
In this folder, I created a *.py file where I put all my functions.
I've placed an empty init.py near this file within the 'package' folder.
When starting the code of my main script with:
from package_folder.my_functions import *
the script works well when calling every functions from that file.
But when trying to import it directly:
import package_folder.my_functions
it doesn't seems to work as well as with the above technique.
The cause seems to be the fact that in the file wellmy_functions.py, I have a function that needs an other one, declared previously in that file.
I had this obscure error on that function that needs an other one:
TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable
Is this permissible and if not, how to manage this case?
It's generally not a good idea to use from module import *. Wildcard importing leads to namespace pollution; you imported more names than you need and if you accidentally refer to an imported name you may not get the NameError you wanted.
Also, if a future version of the library added additional names, you could end up masking other names, leading to strange bugs still:
Example
from my_mod1 import func1
from my_mod2 import *
If you upgrade my_mod2 and it now includes a my_mod2.func1 it'll replace the my_mod1.func1 import in the 1st line.