I am attempting to draw some images using Python Turtle and the screen sizing/canvas sizing is eluding me.
Here is what I have to create the current image:
import turtle
import math
from PIL import Image
import os
t = turtle.Turtle()
Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = None
screen = turtle.Screen()
fileName = "test"
seedString = fileName
turtle.setup(int(15000),int(15000),int(7500),int(7500))
turtle.screensize(int(15000), int(15000))
turtle.hideturtle()
screen.tracer(False)
t.pen(pensize=2, pencolor='black')
print(screen.screensize())
print(t.pos())
t.color('black')
t.begin_fill()
t.goto(7500,0)
t.right(90)
t.forward(7500)
t.right(90)
t.forward(15000)
t.right(90)
t.forward(15000)
t.right(90)
t.forward(15000)
t.right(90)
t.forward(7500)
t.end_fill()
print(t.pos())
t.goto(0,0)
t.pen(pencolor='white', pensize=5)
t.circle(4000, 360)
print(t.pos())
print(screen.screensize())
canvas = screen.getcanvas()
canvas.postscript(file=fileName, height=15000, width=15000)
img = Image.open(fileName)
img.save(seedString+'.jpg')
img.close()
os.system('move \"'+fileName+'\" somefilelocation')
os.system('move \"'+seedString+'.jpg\" somefilelocation')
Based on my understanding this script should set the Screen size to 15,000 by 15,000 pixels and move the origin to the center at (7,500,7,500) using turtle.setup(). I'm not sure if this is the canvas or just the window that we see the turtle move around in. But I also included the turtle.screensize() function to set it to 15000 x 15000. Perhaps this is redundant as it sizes the same thing, but the documentation is sort of vague regarding it.
At the end I save a PS file with the same size of 15000 x 15000 pixels but this image is what is created:
The border was added by me to make the actual size of the image more viewable.
What I'm struggling to understand is a few things. One if the setup() and screensize() function is actually just changing the window size itself then how do I change the size of the actual canvas the drawing is created on. Second I start by manually drawing a rectangle that is filled black by the goto() and right() combination of functions above. But the image itself (the one in this post is scaled for the sake of size) is saved as 11251 x 11251. This does not only make no sense to me as I am setting the saved PS file to 15000 x 15000 but even if the original image was 11251 x 11251 after saving then why is my rectangle, which should be 15000 x 15000 based on how I scripted it, much much smaller than that. Also the origin does not appear anywhere near the center of either the black rectangle or the overall canvas/image that is saved.
Lastly I cannot understand why the circle() function is only producing a half circle despite me explicitly setting the extent argument to 360. I left it at 0 which is defaulted to a full circle and it produced the same semi circle.
I've tried only including setup or screensize, using absolute values like 1.0 vs pixel values and nothing seems to get me what I want. Which is a 15000 x 15000 pixel image with a circle drawn from the origin, being the center of the canvas at (7500,7500). I know that wouldn't be the center of the circle itself as it starts on an edge and creates a circle from that point to a point above or below it (radius,0) away. But that's not how my script is currently working.
It is clear that there is a fundamental understanding that I am not grasping. Any assistance would be much appreciated as I'd love to learn more about this library and better understand the canvas/coordinate system to more accurately create images.
Thank you!
You've a couple of flaws in your logic. First, you call tracer(False) but never call screen.update() when you finish drawing, which is why your circle is incomplete.
Second, although turtle crawls atop tkinter, it uses a different default coordinate system than Canvas. So we need to adjust for that in our Canvas.postscript() method invocation:
from turtle import Turtle, Screen
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 15_000, 15_000
fileName = "test"
screen = Screen()
screen.setup(WIDTH, HEIGHT)
screen.tracer(False)
turtle = Turtle()
turtle.hideturtle()
turtle.pensize(5)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-WIDTH/2, -HEIGHT/2)
turtle.begin_fill()
for _ in range(2):
turtle.forward(WIDTH)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.forward(HEIGHT)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.end_fill()
turtle.goto(0, -HEIGHT/4)
turtle.pencolor('white')
turtle.pendown()
turtle.circle(HEIGHT/4)
screen.update()
canvas = screen.getcanvas()
canvas.postscript(file=fileName + ".eps", width=WIDTH, height=HEIGHT, x=-WIDTH/2, y=-HEIGHT/2)
You'll note that the image width/height (not fully shown above) is 200 inches, which is the inch equivalent of 15_000 points (using 75 points per inch instead of 72.)
I leave the final step of conversion to JPG to you.
This is my first question on StackOverflow, so bear with me. I am trying to have my turtle's shape be a small circle. However, the default circle is too big for my project. Is there a way to make it smaller? My company won't let me load a gif file to be the shape of a turtle.
What I've tried so far is with a gif file where I do:
import turtle
screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.register_shape('circle1', 'circle.gif')
t = turtle.Turtle()
t.shape('circle1')
t.forward(10)
This works but uses a gif file, which my company doesn't allow. Is there a way I can do this without a gif?
Working with the set of cursors that Python provides, including 'circle', you can adjust the size of the cursor using the shapesize() method (aka turtlesize):
from turtle import Screen, Turtle
screen = Screen()
turtle = Turtle()
turtle.shape('circle')
turtle.shapesize(0.5) # make the cursor half the default size
turtle.forward(100)
screen.exitonclick()
Above, we resized it relative to it's default size. If we want to size it to a specific pixel size, we start with the knowledge that the provided cursors are based on a 20px by 20px square, and adjust accordingly:
from turtle import Screen, Turtle
CURSOR_SIZE = 20
screen = Screen()
turtle = Turtle()
turtle.shape('circle')
turtle.shapesize(15 / CURSOR_SIZE) # make the cursor 15 pixels diameter
turtle.color('black', 'white') # make it an open circle this time
turtle.forward(100)
screen.exitonclick()
What you can do is input the polynomial corresponding to the size of the circle you want.
register_shape takes in more than just a file name, it can also take in coordinates.
i.e. screen.register_shape(name, coordinates) is another way of using that function.
If you want to make the circle smaller, draw the circle with the corresponding size and append it to a list. Then convert that list into a tuple and that can be your new shape.
In general you can draw any shape, append the coordinates and use that.
Here is an example for a circle:
Specific Example
import turtle
def drawCircle(radius,iterations, t): # returns tuples
coords = []
for i in range(iterations):
t.forward(radius)
t.right(360.0/iterations)
coords.append((t.xcor(), t.ycor()))
return tuple(coords)
t = turtle.Turtle()
screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.register_shape('myCircle', drawCircle(1, 72, t))
t.shape('myCircle')
General Example
import turtle
def drawShape(t):
coords = []
while # turtle move
coords.append((t.xcor(), t.ycor()))
return tuple(coords)
t = turtle.Turtle()
screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.register_shape('myShape', drawShape(t))
t.shape('myShape')
Note that when you do have a custom shape, then turtle will automatically fill it in for you. So this won't be a circle, but a filled-in circle instead.
I’m new to programming and I’m reading a book called How To Think Like A Computer Scientist. In the fourth chapter, it talks about functions.
At the end of the chapter, there’s an exercise that asks me to draw the following pattern using Python’s turtle module.
I was examining this picture and decided to split it into two: 1) the lines in the middle and 2) the squares that go on top of each other like a spiral.
I drew the first part using this code:
import turtle
wn = turtle.Screen() # Set up the window
wn.bgcolor("lightgreen")
alex = turtle.Turtle() # Create Alex
alex.color("blue")
alex.pensize(3)
for i in range(20): # Here I start drawing the lines
alex.forward(100)
alex.backward(100)
alex.left(360/20) # Fit 20 lines in the 360 degree circle
wn.mainloop()
When I run it, it draws this:
Then, I created the draw_square function and managed to draw the first square:
import turtle
def draw_square(turtle, size):
for i in range(4):
turtle.forward(size)
turtle.left(90)
wn = turtle.Screen() # Set up the window
wn.bgcolor("lightgreen")
alex = turtle.Turtle() # Create Alex
alex.color("blue")
alex.pensize(3)
for i in range(20): # Here I start drawing the lines
alex.forward(100)
alex.backward(100)
alex.left(360/20) # Fit 20 lines in the 360 degree circle
# In a messy way, using what I've learned, I move Alex to where he's supposed to be now
# I'm pretty sure there's a classier way to do this
alex.penup()
alex.backward(100)
alex.right(90)
alex.forward(100)
alex.left(90)
alex.pendown()
# Here I get Alex to draw the square
draw_square(alex, 200)
wn.mainloop()
When I run it, it draws this:
Now I’m stuck. I don’t know where to go from here. I don’t know how to go about drawing all the other squares. I can’t figure out where to place the turtle, and how many degrees to tilt the square (probably 20, like the lines, but I don’t know how to implement it)… Anyways, you guys got any tips? Any suggestions?
I’m trying not to skip any exercises on the book and this one got me.
Excellent attempt, and thanks for the clear images of expected/actual output!
The pattern is actually a bit simpler than you may think. A single box is being drawn from the center repeatedly, with the turtle pivoting slightly on the center point on each iteration. The overlaps of the box sides create the illusion of "spokes".
As for determining the turn amount in degrees, I took 360 and divided it by the number of spokes shown in the image (20), giving 18 degrees.
Here's code that produces the correct output.
import turtle
def draw_square(turtle, size):
for i in range(4):
turtle.forward(size)
turtle.left(90)
if __name__ == "__main__":
wn = turtle.Screen()
wn.bgcolor("lightgreen")
alex = turtle.Turtle()
alex.color("blue")
alex.pensize(3)
boxes = 20
for _ in range(boxes):
draw_square(alex, 200)
alex.left(360 / boxes)
wn.mainloop()
Output:
python how can i make the shapes?
This is what I did
import turtle,random,sys
turtle.title("SHOT")
turtle.setup (width=800, height=600)
turtle.bgcolor("light green")
turtle.screensize(10, 400)
class boxes:
box_A = turtle.getturtle()
box_B = turtle.getturtle()
box_A.hideturtle()
box_B.hideturtle()
box_A.setposition(-300,0)
box_A.setposition(300,0)
box_A.showturtle()
box_B.showturtle()
And my computer draw line... I don't want line...
so I want to erase the line and
I want to make a rectangle boxes(two)
I tried to make rectangle with
box_A.shape("rectangle")
Definitely, it wasn't working;;;
guys plz help me
You can create a custom shape by using coordinates. First, do the normal statements.
import turtle
t = turtle.Turtle()
s = turtle.Screen() # The Screen is VERY important for this project!
Ok! Now to change t's shape, we have to enter a set of coordinates. Here are a few presets you can use I made:
Pointer: ((15,0),(0,25),(-15,0),(0,3))
Noel Star: ((0,20),(-5,5),(-20,0),(-5,-5),(0,-20),(5,-5),(20,0),(5,5))
X: ((15,15),(-15,-15),(0,0),(15,-15),(-15,15),(0,0))
Cross: ((-7.5,-15),(7.5,-15),(7.5,-7.5),(15,-7.5),(15,7.5),(7.5,7.5),(7.5,15),(-7.5,15),(-7.5,7.5),(-15,7.5),(-15,-7.5),(-7.5,-7.5))
Right Triangle: ((20,0),(0,-20),(0,0))
Arrow: ((-15,7.5),(-10,0),(-15,-7.5),(5,-7.5),(15,0),(5,7.5))
Parallelogram: ((-30,20),(-40,-20),(30,-20),(40,20))
Rhombus: ((0,-20),(-10,0),(0,20),(10,0))
Trapezoid: ((-20,20),(20,20),(30,0),(-30,0))
Pentagon: ((-5,10),(-10,0),(-5,-10),(5,-10),(10,0),(5,10))
Hexagon: ((-10,20),(-20,0),(-10,-20),(10,-20),(20,0),(10,20))
Octagon: ((-10,20),(10,20),(20,10),(20,-10),(10,-20),(-10,-20),(-20,-10),(-20,10))
The rectangle's coordinates are: ((-20,10),(20,10),(20,-10),(-20,-10)). To register this as a custom shape, use the register_shape() function. The first argument is what you will name the shape; 'rectangle', in this case. The second argument is the coordinates, so save them as a variable.
rectCors = ((-20,10),(20,10),(20,-10),(-20,-10));
s.register_shape('rectangle',rectCors);
Ok. Now just tell the turtle that its shape is a rectangle.
t.shape('rectangle');
Done! In total, thats:
import turtle
t = turtle.Turtle();
s = turtle.Screen();
rectCors = ((-20,10),(20,10),(20,-10),(-20,-10));
s.register_shape('rectangle',rectCors);
t.shape('rectangle');
Note:
There is no way to change the shape from horizontal to vertical, if you were wondering, except t.setheading(90) or t.setheading(-90).
just do
object.shape("square")
object.shapesize(X, Y)
this will make a rectangle based on it's pixels
or do this
object.shape("square")
object.shapesize(stretch_wid=5, stretch_len=1)
this will produce a rectangle based on a ratio of 5:1, each unit is a square
Draw four lines:
box_A.setposition(-300,0)
box_A.setposition(-300,200)
box_A.setposition(0,200)
box_A.setposition(0,0)
I think this is what you're trying too do
import turtle
wn = turtle.Screen()
wn.tracer()
bird = turtle.Turtle()
bird.shape("square")
You have to do square, rect isn't a shape in turtle
bird.shapesize(stretch_wid=5, stretch_len=10)
Then just stretch it too a rectangle by making the width longer than height
bird.color("green")
bird.setpos(0, 0)
bird.penup()
Penup is for if you're moving it, it won't draw a line behind it
bird.speed(0)
The speed just makes the animation instant if you do that
wn.exitonclick()
Hope this helped
So far I have this and it makes two circles but one is off-screen. I want to center it and have them separate from each other. Right now it does two loops but I want it to do one small circle then go on to make a larger one around the first in the middle of the screen. Both need to be diff. colors.
def sun_and_earth():
import turtle #allows me to use the turtles library
turtle.Turtle()
turtle.Screen() #creates turtle screen
turtle.window_height()
turtle.window_width()
turtle.bgcolor('grey') #makes background color
turtle.color("red", "green")
turtle.circle(2, 360) #draws a (size, radius) circle
turtle.circle(218, 360)
turtle.exitonclick() #exits out of turtle window on click of window
I think you may have some misunderstanding with regard to some of the functions in the turtle library. Firstly, turtle.window_height() and turtle.window_width() return the height and width of the window, so (as these values are not being assigned) those two lines do nothing. Similarly, turtle.Screen() returns an object, so again that line does nothing.
In order to centre your circles, you need to change where the turtle starts by using the turtle.setpos() function. This will change the x and y coordinates of where your turtle is. If you start the turtle one radius down, this will effectively centre the circle at (0, 0), because the center of the circle is (from the documentation) one radius to the left.
Remember to take your pen off the page when you are moving so that you don't draw lines between the two points by accident, and to put the pen back down again when you want to draw again.
Try this code:
import turtle
turtle.Turtle()
turtle.bgcolor('grey')
# decide what your small circle will look like
smallColour = "red"
smallRadius = 5
# draw the small circle
turtle.color(smallColour)
turtle.penup()
turtle.setpos(0, -smallRadius)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.circle(smallRadius)
# decide what your large circle will look like
largeColour = "white"
largeRadius = 100
# draw the large circle
turtle.color(largeColour)
turtle.penup()
print(turtle.pos())
turtle.setpos(0, -largeRadius)
print(turtle.pos())
turtle.pendown()
turtle.circle(largeRadius)
turtle.penup()
turtle.setpos(0, 0)
I hope this helps, but I think that you have a few misunderstandings about the use of the turtle, it might be a good idea to look at a tutorial or maybe take a look at the documentation
Best of luck