Develop Reference

text being cut in pygame

I seem to have problems with displaying text on the screen
The code draws text on the screen but half 'S' of 'Score' gets cut for reason.
However, if I change screen.blit(text, self.score_rect, self.score_rect) to screen.blit(text, self.score_rect), it works fine. I would like to know why is this happening and how can I fix this.
Thanks.
Here's the code:
class Score(object):
def __init__(self, bg, score=100):
self.score = score
self.score_rect = pygame.Rect((10,0), (200,50))
self.bg = bg
def update(self):
screen = pygame.display.get_surface()
font = pygame.font.Font('data/OpenSans-Light.ttf', 30)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BG = (10, 10, 10)
score = "Score: " + str(self.score)
text = font.render(score, True, WHITE, BG)
text.set_colorkey(BG)
screen.blit(
self.bg,
self.score_rect,
self.score_rect)
screen.blit(text,
self.score_rect,
self.score_rect)
def main():
pygame.init()
#initialize pygame
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
pygame.display.set_caption('Score Window')
#initialize background
bg = pygame.Surface((screen.get_size())).convert()
bg.fill((30, 30, 30))
screen.blit(bg, (0, 0))
#initialize scoreboard
score_board = Score(bg)
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
exit(0)
score_board.update()
pygame.display.flip()

Well - it looks like the third parameter on the call do blit, where you repeat the core_rect` parameter is designed exactly to do that: it selects a rectangular area on the
source image (in this case your rendered text) to be pasted in the destination (in this case, the screen).
Text in Pygame is rendered with nice margins, you should not need the source-crop parameter at all - and if you thinbk ou do, you should pass it a suitable set of coordinates, relevant inside the rendered text, not therectangle with the destination coordinates on the screen.
From http://www.pygame.org/docs/ref/surface.html#pygame.Surface.blit:
blit() draw one image onto another blit(source, dest, area=None,
special_flags = 0) -> Rect Draws a source Surface onto this Surface.
The draw can be positioned with the dest argument. Dest can either be
pair of coordinates representing the upper left corner of the source.
A Rect can also be passed as the destination and the topleft corner of
the rectangle will be used as the position for the blit. The size of
the destination rectangle does not effect the blit.
An optional area rectangle can be passed as well. This represents a
smaller portion of the source Surface to draw.
...

Why does my image have a thick black line around?

In Pygame, I have wrote a Minesweeper clone. However, when I blit the final image stating YOU LOSE or YOU WIN, I get this result:
I'm sure you notice the thick black line surrounding the text. Here is the function in which the image is blitted onto the window:
def play():
SIZE = (WIDTH, HEIGHT) = (16, 16)
MINES = 40
PIXELS_PER_CELL = 30
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH * PIXELS_PER_CELL,
HEIGHT * PIXELS_PER_CELL))
pygame.display.set_caption("PyMines")
board = create_board(SIZE, MINES)
board.draw(screen)
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
elif (event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and board.is_playing and
not board.is_solved):
board.mouse_handler(event, screen)
message = None
if not board.is_playing:
board.show_mines(screen)
message = pygame.image.load("images/lose.png").convert_alpha()
elif board.is_solved:
message = pygame.image.load("images/win.png").convert_alpha()
if message:
message = pygame.transform.scale(message, (screen.get_width(),
screen.get_height() //
5))
screen.blit(message, (0, 0))
pygame.display.update()
As I am not sure which part of the code you should be looking at, here is the full code.
Another reason why I think this behaviour is so bizarre, is that when I first created PyMines, the image blitted perfectly like so (as you can see, there is a very slight shadow to the text):
This however, is not a optimized version, as after each cycle, the whole board is redrawn (so it takes a very long time on a 16x16 board as shown in the first image, so I used a 9x9 - but the results are the same). Here is the play() function of the original version:
def play():
SIZE = (WIDTH, HEIGHT) = (9, 9)
MINES = 10
PIXELS_PER_CELL = 30
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH * PIXELS_PER_CELL,
HEIGHT * PIXELS_PER_CELL))
pygame.display.set_caption("PyMines")
board = create_board(SIZE, MINES)
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
elif (event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and board.is_playing and
not board.is_solved):
board.mouse_handler(event, screen)
message = None
if not board.is_playing:
board.show_mines()
message = pygame.image.load("lose.png").convert_alpha()
elif board.is_solved:
message = pygame.image.load("win.png").convert_alpha()
board.draw(screen)
if message:
message = pygame.transform.scale(message, (screen.get_width(),
screen.get_height() //
5))
screen.blit(message, (0, 0))
pygame.display.update()
I would attach a link to the full code, but pastebin is down, so here is the full code for the original game without the strange black line.
EDIT: I have already tried dropping the convert_alpha() and adding convert() or even nothing at all.
.convert():
NOTHING:
Why are all these black lines there, how do I get rid of them and which version (convert/convert_alpha/NOTHING) should I use (and how to decide which one to use).

The text has a black shadow with an alpha channel. In your original version, you render the board, then render the text, and the shadow gets blended with the board.
In the revised version, you render the board, then repeatedly render the text over it. On the first pass, it renders correctly, with the shadow blending with the board. On the second pass, the shadow blends with the shadow you've already rendered, making a slightly darker shadow. On the next pass, the shadow gets slightly darker, and so on.
You can't use alpha blending without keeping tight control over what you're blending over. Each time you render the text, you'll need to render at least the section of the board behind the text, if not the full board.

How do I display text in a grid-like structure in Pygame?

I'm new to pygame and currently I'm working on creating a memory game where the computer displays boxes at random positions for like a second and then the user has to click on where he/she thinks those boxes are. It's kind of like this game:
However I'm not really sure how to make the computer display the boxes with like a letter or symbol e.g. 'T' or '%'. (I've already made the grid).
Could anyone please help? It would be really appreciated.
import pygame
size=[500,500]
pygame.init()
screen=pygame.display.set_mode(size)
# Colours
LIME = (0,255,0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
BLACK = (0,0,0)
PINK = (255,102,178)
SALMON = (255,192,203)
WHITE = (255,255,255)
LIGHT_PINK = (255, 181, 197)
SKY_BLUE = (176, 226, 255)
screen.fill(BLACK)
# Width and Height of game box
width=50
height=50
# Margin between each cell
margin = 5
# Create a 2 dimensional array. A two dimesional
# array is simply a list of lists.
grid=[]
for row in range(20):
# Add an empty array that will hold each cell
# in this row
grid.append([])
for column in range(20):
grid[row].append(0) # Append a cell
# Set row 1, cell 5 to one. (Remember rows and
# column numbers start at zero.)
grid[1][5] = 1
# Set title of screen
pygame.display.set_caption("Spatial Recall")
#Loop until the user clicks the close button.
done=False
# Used to manage how fast the screen updates
clock=pygame.time.Clock()
# -------- Main Program Loop -----------
while done==False:
for event in pygame.event.get(): # User did something
if event.type == pygame.QUIT: # If user clicked close
done=True # Flag that we are done so we exit this loop
if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
# User clicks the mouse. Get the position
pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
# Change the x/y screen coordinates to grid coordinates
column=pos[0] // (width+margin)
row=pos[1] // (height+margin)
# Sete t hat location to zero
grid[row][column]=1
print("Click ",pos,"Grid coordinates: ",row,column)
# Draw the grid
for row in range(10):
for column in range(10):
color = LIGHT_PINK
if grid[row][column] == 1:
color = RED
pygame.draw.rect(screen,color,[(margin+width)*column+margin,(margin+height)*row+margin,width,height])
# Limit to 20 frames per second
clock.tick(20)
# Go ahead and update the screen with what we've drawn.
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.quit ()

In order to display text, you have to go through a series of steps. First you will want to get a font by using the command `pygame.font.Font(font name, size). For example:
arialfont=pygame.font.Font('arial', 12)
All available fonts can be gotten from the command pygame.font.get_fonts(). Remember to initialize pygame (pygame.init()) before any of this.
Next, you will have to use the Font.render(text, antialias, color, background=None). For example:
text=arialfont.render('Hello World!', True, (0, 0, 0))
This will return a surface. You can use it just like you would any other surface. Use text.get_rect() to get its rect, then reposition the rect to put it where you want it to be, and blit it to the window. If you don't know anything about surface objects, just ask me.
Here is a working code.
import pygame, sys
pygame.init()#never forget this line
window=pygame.display.set_mode((100, 100))
font=pygame.font.SysFont('arial', 40)
text=font.render('#', True, (0, 0, 0))
rect=text.get_rect()
window.fill((255, 255, 255))
window.blit(text, rect)
pygame.display.update()
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type==pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()

Different colors for shapes through iterations in Python / Pygame?

I'm new to stackoverflow, but was hoping for a little insight from more advanced programmers. I am switching majors to Computer Science next semester and am taking an intro class learning some beginner's Python programming. I have already finished the program below (the assignment was to make a program that draws ovals on the window surface by filling in some of the professor's code, not too bad at all) but I wanted to add a little something extra: As you can see, I have the color of the ovals set to be random, but it stays the same until the program is restarted entirely i.e. all of the ovals are that particular color for the length of the program. With the code written the way it is, I can't figure out a way to get the color to change for each oval. Keep in mind, this is all for kicks, but if anyone's feeling especially helpful or creative, I'm curious to see what you have to say. Let me know if I can expound on anything. Thanks!
import pygame, random, sys
WINDOWWIDTH = 700
WINDOWHEIGHT = 700
BACKGROUNDCOLOR = (150,160,100)
#A different color every run
OVAL_COLOR = (random.randint (0,255),random.randint (0,255),
random.randint (0,255))
pygame.init()
windowSurface = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOWWIDTH, WINDOWHEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("Mobile Ovals")
#The draw variable is used later to indicate the mouse is still pressed
ovals = []
completedOvals = []
finished = False
draw = False
startXY = (-1, -1)
while not finished:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT or (event.type == pygame.KEYUP and
event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE):
finished = True
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
pressed = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if pressed[pygame.K_F4] and (pressed[pygame.K_LALT] or
pressed[pygame.K_RALT]):
finished = True
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
startXY = event.pos
draw = True
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONUP:
draw = False
for oval in ovals:
completedOvals.append (oval)
if draw == True:
del ovals [:]
#The above function ensures only one oval is onscreen at any given time
endXY = event.pos
width = (abs(endXY[0]-startXY[0]))
height = (abs(endXY[1]-startXY[1]))
#The code below allows the user to drag any direction
if endXY[0] < startXY[0]:
left = endXY[0]
else:
left = startXY[0]
if endXY[1] < startXY[1]:
top = endXY[1]
else:
top = startXY[1]
ovals.append (pygame.Rect (left, top, width, height))
windowSurface.fill(BACKGROUNDCOLOR)
for oval in ovals:
pygame.draw.ellipse(windowSurface, OVAL_COLOR, oval)
for completedOval in completedOvals:
pygame.draw.ellipse(windowSurface, OVAL_COLOR, completedOval)
pygame.display.update()
pygame.quit()

Your problem is quite simple. You set OVAL_COLOR once. But every time you make reference to the variable OVAL_COLOR, you're not creating a new random color, you're re-using the RGB color that was randomly generated when you created the variable.
Now, the way your program is structured, you maintain a list of all complete ovals that you're re-drawing every time the draw variable is set to true. If you place the OVAL_COLOR variable inside the for loop, you will update the color with every mouse movement, changing the color of the oval being drawn, as well as the color of all the old ovals being re-drawn.
The solution to have a new random oval color is to set the variable OVAL_COLOR when the mouse button goes down. That way, the oval color won't change as you drag the mouse to adjust the oval. But, given the current structure of the program, you'll need to save the oval colors assigned to completed ovals, or you'll still have the oval color change each time.
When the mouse button is pressed down, we want a new random color for our circle. Generate a random value, which will be used every time the circle is re-drawn.
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
startXY = event.pos
OVAL_COLOR = (random.randint (0,255),random.randint (0,255),
random.randint (0,255))
draw = True
When the mouse button is released, save the coordinates for the oval, along with the color that it was drawn with.
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONUP:
draw = False
# print len(ovals) # (always ==1)
completedOvals.append ((ovals[-1], OVAL_COLOR))
When we iterate through these completed ovals, draw them with the same color each time.
for (completedOval, color) in completedOvals:
pygame.draw.ellipse(windowSurface, color, completedOval)

Create a simple Oval() class, that contains it's color, and size.
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
class Oval(object):
"""handle, and draw basic ovals. stores Rect() and Color()"""
def __init__(self, startXY, endXY):
self.color = Color(random.randint(0,255), random.randint(0,255), random.randint(0,255))
self.rect = Rect(0,0,1,1)
self.coord_to_oval(startXY, endXY)
def draw(self):
pygame.draw.ellipse(windowSurface, self.color, self.rect)
def coord_to_oval(self, startXY, endXY):
width = (abs(endXY[0]-startXY[0]))
height = (abs(endXY[1]-startXY[1]))
#The code below allows the user to drag any direction
if endXY[0] < startXY[0]:
left = endXY[0]
else:
left = startXY[0]
if endXY[1] < startXY[1]:
top = endXY[1]
else:
top = startXY[1]
self.rect = Rect(left, top, width, height)
# main loop
while not finished:
for event in pygame.event.get():
# events, and creation:
# ... your other events here ...
elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
startXY = event.pos
draw = True
elif event.type ==MOUSEBUTTONUP:
# on mouseup, create instance.
endXY = event.pos
oval_new = Oval(startXY, endXY)
completedOvals.append(oval_new)
# draw them:
for oval in ovals:
oval.draw()
for oval in completedOvals:
oval.draw()
I mostly left out your non-completed ovals. Was that to show the size before clicking?

problem with making background of image transparent: pygame

I'm in the middle of working on a simple typing tutor using pygame. My problem is that I'm using an image that has a white background, waves1.png. Now's I've specified that I want white to be transparent in the image (self.image.set_colorkey((255, 255, 255))) and it is for everything except the text block. When the waves intersect with the text object, the white background of the waves show on top of the text. You can try running this if you have pygame (with the exception of the waves1.png image).
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
class TextSprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.wordList = ['words yes', 'hello', 'this is a sentence', 'this is another sentence'] # read directly from external file
self.pos = 0
self.wordNum = 0
self.update1()
def update1(self):
# Render the given word
self.image = pygame.font.Font(None, 36).render(self.wordList[self.wordNum], 1, (0, 0, 0))
# Render the correctly guessed letters
self.correct = pygame.font.Font(None, 36).render(self.wordList[self.wordNum][:self.pos], 1, (255, 0, 0))
# Copy correct letters onto given word
self.image.blit(self.correct, (0, 0))
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
# set the center of the center the given word to the center of the screen
self.rect.center = pygame.display.get_surface().get_rect().center
def keyin(self, key):
word = self.wordList[self.wordNum]
letter = word[self.pos]
if letter == key:
self.pos = self.pos + 1
if self.pos == len(word):
self.reset()
self.update1()
def reset(self):
self.pos = 0
self.wordNum = self.wordNum + 1
self.update1()
class Waves(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
# Constructor. Pass in the color of the block,
# and its x and y position
def __init__(self, filename):
# Call the parent class (Sprite) constructor
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
# Create an image of the block, and fill it with a color.
# This could also be an image loaded from the disk.
self.image = pygame.image.load(filename).convert()
# makes any white in the image transparent
self.image.set_colorkey((255, 255, 255))
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
# Decrease the y coordinate so the waves look like they're moving up
def update(self, text):
self.rect.y = self.rect.y - 6
if self.rect.y <= 200:
text.reset()
self.rect.y = 485
def main():
#I - Import and initialize
pygame.init()
#D - Display configuration
# The screen variable is a pygame Surface object
# Note that the set_mode() method creates a Surface object for you automatically
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
pygame.display.set_caption("Typing Game")
#E - Entities (just background for now)
background = pygame.Surface(screen.get_size())
background = background.convert()
background.fill((255, 255, 255))
screen.blit(background, (0,0))
#A - Action (broken into ALTER steps)
#A - Assign values to key variables
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
keepGoing = True
# Collect the sprite in a list
all = pygame.sprite.RenderPlain()
waveList = pygame.sprite.RenderPlain()
text = TextSprite()
all.add(text)
waves = Waves("waves1.png")
waveList.add(waves)
waves.rect.x = 0
waves.rect.y = 485
#L - Set up main loop
while keepGoing:
#T - Timer to set frame rate
# Tick is a method in the Clock class that determines the maximum frame rate
clock.tick(30)
#E - Event handling
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
keepGoing = False
elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
if event.key == K_ESCAPE:
keepGoing = False
else:
text.keyin(event.unicode)
# update position of waves
waves.update(text)
# clears screen
all.clear(screen, background)
# update screen
all.draw(screen)
waveList.clear(screen, background)
waveList.draw(screen)
# display.flip is a method that copies everything from the screen object to the actual visual display
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.quit ()
if __name__ == '__main__': main()

I don't know if it's an option for you, but you should get better results with png's native alpha transparency.
If you can edit/recreate the png yourself, then try using a transparent background.
From there, you can use convert_alpha() arfter loading the image. (instead of using a colorkey)
http://pygame.org/docs/ref/surface.html#Surface.convert_alpha
EDIT: one other aspect, is that the image may have an alpha channel interfering with the colorkey. Best to ensure you're not trying to use both.
I'm told that you can detect an image's alpha channel programmatically. Something like ...
if self.image.get_masks()[3]!=0:
print "image has alpha!"
See here http://pygame.org/docs/ref/surface.html#Surface.get_masks
HTH

Well done! You've actually done everything correctly to take advantage of transparency and colorkey (ie, making sure to call convert on the surface, making sure to pass the color into the set_colorkey method, etc).
The problem is with the order of calls to draw and clear on your respective sprite groups, "all" and "waveList". After you've rendered the text blocks by calling all.draw, you then follow it with the call to waveList.clear.
Here's the problem: once you've drawn the text sprites, you don't want to clear the space underneath the wave sprites, or that will wipe out the area that overlaps the already-drawn text blocks.
If you want to do this properly, try doing it in this order:
waves.update()
all.clear(screen,background)
waveList.clear(screen,background)
all.draw(screen)
waveList.draw(screen)
(more simply, just move waveList.clear(screen, background) to the line just below all.clear(screen, background); that should do it)
When I'm working with sprite groups, I usually try to group it so that each sprite group calls the same method in this order: clears, updates, collision checks (if any), draws.
This usually handles things in the right order. Then you still may have to pay attention to whether there is any layering of sprites, but that's another story for another day.