I was trying to find out the methods of the pywin32 object of a userform ComboBox in Excel, but I honestly has no idea what I'm doing and got nowhere.
VBA Code (Sending combobox object to python):
Private Sub ComboBox1_Change()
s = test(ComboBox1)
End Sub
Python Code :
#xw.func
def test(obj):
print(obj._dict__)
So, the print above returned this :
{'_oleobj_': <PyIDispatch at 0x03957A90 with obj at 0x01218C8C>, '_username_': 'IMdcCombo', '_olerepr_': <win32com.client.build.LazyDispatchItem object at 0x03FB0FD0>, '_mapCachedItems_': {}, '_builtMethods_': {}, '_enum_': None, '_unicode_to_string_': None, '_lazydata_': (<PyITypeInfo at 0x03957B50 with obj at 0x0121919C>, <PyITypeComp at 0x03957B68 with obj at 0x012196F4>)}
I guess I was expecting to see the same methods/properties found in VBA, but I have no idea what to take from this.
Anyone knows a way to manipulate userform/controls directly from python using xlwings?
Specifically I'm looking for dynamically adding new controls to the userform, reading/modifying controls attributes, and ideally modifying their events, all through python.
I guess I was expecting to see the same methods/properties found in VBA, but I have no idea what to take from this.
You can take anything from this, but this isn't a real Combobox nor something from COM environment - it's just a "wrapper" object over a COM object, implemented via IDispatch interface, and it's possibily thanks to the win32com dependency.
Because of that there's no an "intellisense"-like feature, but you're still able to use properties/methods:
#xw.func
def test(obj):
# accesing method
obj.AddItem('Hello world!')
# accesing property
obj.Enabled = False
also you can pass an UserForm as obj to add a new control to it:
#xw.func
def test(obj):
# add new label
control = obj.Add('Forms.Label.1')
# accesing property
control.Caption = 'Hello world!'
When looking under the documentation for xlWings under the Shapethere does seem to be access to all properties.
Under missing features, you can find a workaround using .api to access all vba methods. Through this you could create and modify controls, just like you would do in VBA.
Also what you could do is using the macro(name)-function you could create functions in VBA to modify, create comboboxes and pass values to the function, i.e to create a combobox at position x, y , width, height and pass these parameters trough python.
As it seems, you cannot access events trough xlWings. But i've found IronPython, it uses the .NET interop facilities to access the excel object and events. As you can see under the documentation, you can work with the excel object as you would do in C#, VB.NETetc..
So as a conclusion, i would suggest you looking up the documentations of both. As they both reveal the excel object to python you should be able to do what you want with one of them.
Related
I am using pywin32 to automate some tasks in software that has an Automation Server technology interface (formerly OLE Automation Server).
This software comes with a somewhat detailed manual with code examples in VBA, C++ or Matlab but no Python. I have built a Python library that can do most of the functionalities built into the software but there are some parts I cannot do in Python.
I cannot change the value of a property if this property is contained in a iterable COM object.
What I can do:
[Documentation for Visibility property]
import win32com.client
app = win32com.client.Dispatch('NAME_OF_APP')
app.Visibility = True
As an example, with this code, I can change the visibility parameter of the software: if it runs with or without GUI.
What I cannot do:
[Documentation for getting and setting current device]
import win32com.client
app = win32com.client.Dispatch('NAME_OF_APP')
app.CurrentDevice(0) = 'NAME OF DEVICE'
I then get the following error:
SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
This error makes sense to me but I cannot find a way to set any of these software properties when they come in the form of an iterable object. As soon as I have to specify an index, I don't know how to set the value.
From what I understand, in C++ we are able to change the value because of pointers but how can we achieve the same thing in Python? Is it possible or do I have to use some C++ code in parallel to my Python to run my library? I don't know anything in C++ so if I could avoid doing that, it would be good.
What I have tried
Of course, the 1st thing I tried was to change () to [] or {} which logically didn't work.
Then I used the Evaluate function in PyCharms to see what was hiding behind my app.CurrentDevice. I was hoping to find sub-attributes that I could then set but I don't see anything inside the object:
[Result of Evaluate on the CurrentDevice object]
Finally, I have tried the following:
import win32com.client
app = win32com.client.Dispatch('NAME_OF_APP')
curr_device = app.CurrentDevice(0)
curr_device = 'NAME OF DEVICE'
I wanted to affect the object to a variable and then change the value but of course, this only rewrites the variable curr-device with 'NAME OF DEVICE' but loses any link to COM Object.
I feel like my questions are similar to the following unanswered question:
How can I set the value of an indexed property of a COM object in Python?
It looks as if win32com is struggling to set the property if there is an additional argument to the put function, which is a little surprising.
First thing to do is to use
app = win32com.client.gencache.EnsureDispatch('NAME_OF_APP')
This creates a Python wrapper for the COM object (rather than just firing function calls at the object and hoping). This may in itself clear up your issue.
If not, here is a quite ugly way of working around. As you have identified, the relevant part of the type library is:
[id(0x00000018),propput, helpstring("property CurrentDevice")]
HRESULT CurrentDevice([in] long lAcq, [in] VARIANT pVal);
And you can use this to set the property at a low level.
win32com dispatch objects are a wrapper for the PyIDispatch object. All dispatch objects support the Invoke method, and you can use this to call the function yourself. NB. Since I don't have access to your COM object, I can't test, so this answer may need some tweaking (!).
The PyIDispatch documentation
Try:
import win32com.client as wc
import pythoncom
app = wc.gencache.EnsureDispatch('NAME OF APP')
app.Visibility=TRUE
newVal = wc.VARIANT(pythoncom.VT_VARIANT,'NAME OF DEVICE')
app._oleobj_.Invoke(24,0,pythoncom.INVOKE_PROPERTYPUT,0,0,newVal)
There are a lot of 'magic' numbers here, but basically:
24 = 0x00000018 in decimal: this is the Id of the property
0 = the LCID, the Locale Id ... I always set it to 0
pythoncom.INVOKE_PROPERTYPUT = the type of call.
0 = whether you care about the return type (you probably don't = False)
0 = first parameter, lAcq, as in CurrentDevice(0)
newVal = second paramter,pVal, the new device name as a VARIANT
I haven't tried this, but pythoncom is pretty good about converting VARIANT types, so you might not need the VARIANT creation, and can just use NAME OF DEVICE directly as the parameter.
I am trying to write a testing program for a python program that takes data, does calculations on it, then puts the output in a class instance object. This object contains several other objects, each with their own attributes. I'm trying to access all the attributes and sub-attributes dynamically with a one size fits all solution, corresponding to elements in a dictionary I wrote to cycle through and get all those attributes for printing onto a test output file.
Edit: this may not be clear from the above but I have a list of the attributes I want, so using something to actually get those attributes is not a problem, although I'm aware python has methods that accomplish this. What I need to do is to be able to get all of those attributes with the same function call, regardless of whether they are top level object attributes or attributes of object attributes.
Python is having some trouble with this - first I tried doing something like this:
for string in attr_dictionary:
...
outputFile.print(outputclass.string)
...
But Python did not like this, and returned an AttributeError
After checking SE, I learned that this is a supposed solution:
for string in attr_dictionary:
...
outputFile.print(getattr(outputclass, string))
...
The only problem is - I want to dynamically access the attributes of objects that are attributes of outputclass. So ideally it would be something like outputclass.objectAttribute.attribute, but this does not work in python. When I use getattr(outputclass, objectAttribute.string), python returns an AttributeError
Any good solution here?
One thing I have thought of trying is creating methods to return those sub-attributes, something like:
class outputObject:
...
def attributeIWant(self,...):
return self.subObject.attributeIWant
...
Even then, it seems like getattr() will return an error because attributeIWant() is supposed to be a function call, it's not actually an attribute. I'm not certain that this is even within the capabilities of Python to make this happen.
Thank you in advance for reading and/or responding, if anyone is familiar with a way to do this it would save me a bunch of refactoring or additional code.
edit: Additional Clarification
The class for example is outputData, and inside that class you could have and instance of the class furtherData, which has the attribute dataIWant:
class outputData:
example: furtherData
example = furtherData()
example.dataIWant = someData
...
with the python getattr I can't access both attributes directly in outputData and attributes of example unless I use separate calls, the attribute of example needs two calls to getattr.
Edit2: I have found a solution I think works for this, see below
I was able to figure this out - I just wrote a quick function that splits the attribute string (for example outputObj.subObj.propertyIWant) then proceeds down the resultant array, calling getattr on each subobject until it reaches the end of the array and returns the actual attribute.
Code:
def obtainAttribute(sample, attributeString: str):
baseObj = sample
attrArray = attributeString.split(".")
for string in attrArray:
if(attrArray.index(string) == (len(attrArray) - 1)):
return getattr(baseObj,string)
else:
baseObj = getattr(baseObj,string)
return "failed"
sample is the object and attributeString is, for example object.subObject.attributeYouWant
I want to access a property exist in the self.context using a variable. I have a variable name "prop" and it contains a value and it is already set in the self.context. I am using Flask Restplus framework.
prop = 'binding'
If I try to access this property like below then it gives me an error:
Object is not subscriptable
I want to know if there is any way to get the value? Like doing this:
print(self.context[prop])
I only get one solution don't know if its correct or not, I tried this :
self.context.__getattribute__(prop)
There are two ways to do this, the simplest is using getattr:
getattr(self.context, prop)
This function internally calls __getattribute__ so it's the same as your code, just a little neater.
However, you still have the problem that you probably only want to access some of the context, while not risking editing values set by different parts of your application. A much better way would be to store a dict in context:
self.context.attributes = {}
self.context.attributes["binding"] = False
print(self.context.attributes[prop])
This way, only certain context variables can be accessed and those that are meant to be dynamic don't mess with any used by your application code directly.
I'm having some issues using the console-menu module for Python. I made my menu with the constructor and added a few items to it, but i'm having a hard time figuring out how to add formatting to it. There is a MenuStyle class in the documentation that I think I need to use:
classconsolemenu.format.MenuStyle(margins=None, padding=None, border_style=None, border_style_type=None, border_style_factory=None)
The full documentation is available here: https://console-menu.readthedocs.io/en/latest/consolemenu.html
It's pretty short and to the point. I just don't understand what to do. Do I need to construct the border object and then use it in the ConsoleMenu() constructor? or add it in later?
From reading the documentation it looks like you need to set ConsoleMenu's formatter argument to an instance of MenuFormatBuilder. example2.py has the following that might help you:
menu_format = MenuFormatBuilder().set_border_style_type(MenuBorderStyleType.HEAVY_BORDER)
...
menu = ConsoleMenu("Root Menu", "This is the Root Menu Subtitle", formatter=menu_format)
We've been successfully using clrtype with IronPython 2.6 and
Silverlight for databinding, based on the example provided by Lukás(:
http://gui-at.blogspot.com/2009/11/inotifypropertychanged-and-databinding.html
We create the binding when we create the datagrid columns programatically. Because we are using IronPython some of the static databinding techniques you would normally use with C# don't work.
I've been trying (and failing) to get a column in the grid show
different colors based on databinding.
I've got the colored bubble showing in the grid, but can't get
databinding to the color to work. First the basics.
This is the xaml for the bubble with a fixed color:
<DataTemplate xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/client/2007'
xmlns:x='http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml'>
<Ellipse Stroke="#FF222222" Height="15" Width="15">
<Ellipse.Fill>
<LinearGradientBrush EndPoint="0.5,1" StartPoint="0.5,0">
<GradientStop x:Name="bubbleColor" Offset="0.694"
Color="#FF00FF40" />
<GradientStop Color="#FFE6E6E6"/>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Ellipse.Fill>
</Ellipse>
I can add a column based on this template very simply. The loadXaml function is a thin wrapper around XamlReader.Load:
from com_modules.loadxaml import loadXaml
from System.Windows.Controls import DataGridTemplateColumn
column = DataGridTemplateColumn()
column.CellTemplate = loadXaml('templatecolumn')
column.Header = 'Bubble'
grid.Columns.Add(column)
If I try to naively specify a binding in the xaml then I get a
PARSER_BAD_PROPERTY_VALUE when I attempt to load the xaml (so no hope of
setting up the binding after load):
<GradientStop x:Name="bubbleColor" Offset="0.694" Color="{Binding color}" />
One approach I tried was to create a ValueConverter. Here is the
skeleton of the class I created:
from System import Type
from System.Globalization import CultureInfo
from System.Windows.Data import IValueConverter
class ColorConverter(IValueConverter):
_clrnamespace = "Converters"
__metaclass__ = clrtype.ClrClass
#clrtype.accepts(object, Type, object, CultureInfo)
#clrtype.returns(object)
def Convert(self, value, targetType, parameter, culture):
pass
#clrtype.accepts(object, Type, object, CultureInfo)
#clrtype.returns(object)
def ConvertBack(self, value, targetType, parameter, culture):
pass
As there is a _clrnamespace specified I thought I might then be able to use this converter in xaml. Trying to reference the ColorConverter class in the Converters namespace in a resources dictionary again causes blow ups when loading the xaml.
Setting this up programatically would be ideal. Anyone got any ideas?
I don't know anything about IronPython, but I know that you cannot bind to a Color in Silverlight, regardless of the language used. This has caused me many grievances. In Silverlight 3 you can only bind properties on a FrameworkElement, and since GradientStop is a DependencyObject, it will not work. The good news is that Silverlight 4 will get rid of that limitation and allow you to bind properties on DependencyObject. I haven't tried it though, so I cannot say for sure. More info here:
http://timheuer.com/blog/archive/2009/11/18/whats-new-in-silverlight-4-complete-guide-new-features.aspx#dobind
At the moment, what you could do is to bind the Fill property on the Ellipse instead. But then you will have to create the entire LinearGradientBrush in your converter code, so it's a bit complicated.