Develop Reference

Is there a way to leave python code running when the computer is shutdown?

I have a python script that checks the temperature every 24 hours, is there a way to leave it running if I shut the computer down/log off.

Shutdown - no.
Logoff - potentially, yes.
If you want to the script to automatically start when you turn the computer back on, then you can add the script to your startup folder (Windows) or schedule the script (Windows tasks, cron job, systemd timer).
If you really want a temperature tracker that is permanently available, you can use a low-power solution like the Raspberry Pi rather than leaving your pc on.

The best way to accomplish this is to have your program run on some type of server that your computer can connect to. A server could be anything from a raspberry pi to an old disused computer or a web server or cloud server. You would have to build a program that can be accessed from your computer, and depending on the server and you would access it in a lot of different ways depending the way you build your program and your server.
Doing things this way means your script will always be able to check the temperature because it will be running on a system that stays on.

Scripts are unable to run while your computer is powered off. What operating system are you running? How are you collecting the temperature? It is hard to give much more help without this information.
One thing I might suggest is powering on the system remotely at a scheduled time, using another networked machine.

You can take a look at the following pages
http://www.wikihow.com/Automatically-Turn-on-a-Computer-at-a-Specified-Time
http://lifehacker.com/5831504/how-can-i-start-and-shut-down-my-computer-automatically-every-morning
Additionally once it turn on, you can perform a cronjob, for execute your python code by a console command >> python yourfile.py . What is the Windows version of cron?

sending mouse/keyboard events on remote desktop

So I am trying to set up a Continuous integration environment using Jenkins.
One of the build step requires a series of mouse actions/movements to accomplish a task in Excel. I have already written a python script using the ctypes library to do this.
The script works perfectly fine if I run it either through Jenkins or on the server itself when I am actively logged in to the server using remote desktop connection, but as soon as I minimize/close the connection and then run the script from Jenkins, it seems the mouse events never get executed. Is there something I can add to the script to make this work? Thanks for any help you can provide.

launch a python program on a server

Edit: Please note that it's our first time working with a server, python, and this is my second website, so I know almost nothing about it
We have a project and we need to put our python code on a server
the problem is, we've tried using cgi to run the code and we have two issues:
the program uses Tkinter, and it looks like we can't use program that use Tkinter on a server
when I try to run a script with a loop (our program is a timer, so it will loop), the page loads forever, it only stops loading when the program ends
can we add this python program on a server?
(also, we use a apache server)

You cannot run a tkinter program on a server via CGI. Tkinter and web technologies are incompatible with each other.
Your observation about a program that runs in a loop via CGI is correct -- the program must finish in order for the CGI mechanism to work. The web server will work until that process is finished, and then return what the program returns.

Keeping a program going on an external server

I have an external server that I can SSH into. It runs bots on reddit.
Whenever I close the terminal window the bot is running in, the process stops, which means the bot stops as well.
I've tried using
nohup python mybot.py
but it doesn't work - when I close the window and check the processes (ps -e), python does not show up. Are there any alternatives to nohup? Ideally, that print the output to the terminal, instead of an external file.

Have you considered using tmux/screen? They have lots of features and can help you detach a terminal and re-attach to it at a later date without disrupting the running process.

Run terminal command as startup reacts different from manually (linux raspberry pi)

Here's a short description of what I have:
I have to raspberry pi's in a local net work. I one of them I have a .py script named watchdog.py that starts a stream and then uses a sshpass command to the other pi to display the video stream.It also has some signaling LEDs a some push buttons for control
the problem is:
If I open a terminal and run the watchdog.py script in the GUI everything runs as it should be. So I thought of running it as a service as boot and installed upstart and made it run as a service (successfully I think). The thing is. If I boot the pi and then press the button to start the streams,they wont play on the other Pi, the LEDs ligh up and all the buttons work. And even the CPU load behaves the same way, but i still don't video nor audio. I have thought of trying automatically open a terminal (LXterminal) widow and run the python scrip on that window. but I didn't want the streaming raspberry pi also booting into gui (tough I guess I would mind if that makes the whole thing work).This little thing i making the whole project useless.

What are you using to play the streams? Depending on how you boot up the second Raspberry it might not have started some daemons for audio/video playback?!
You should (if you're not already doing) write a log (import logging ;)) and write a logfile which you can track for errors.

answer moved from OP's question itself:
I found a way that seems to work so far. instead of running the python script as a service I tried running it as cron job at reboot, and it worked. now it all works straight from reboot and I have Audio and video.